Binding Energy, Root-Mean Square Radius and Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Nucleus 6Li

In this work, we have applied the translation invariant shell model with number of quanta of excitations N=2,4,6,8and 10 to define the ground-state eigenenergies and their corresponding normalized eigenstates, the root mean-square radius, and the magnetic dipole moment of the nucleus 6Li. We have computed the necessary two-particle orbital fractional parentage coefficients for nuclei with mass number A=6and number of quanta of excitations N=10, which are not available in the literature. In addition, we have used our previous findings on the nucleon-nucleon interaction with Gaussian radial dependencies, which fits the deuteron characteristics as well as the triton binding energy, root-mean square radius and magnetic dipole moment. The numerical results obtained in this work are in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental data and the previously published theoretical results in the literature.

rp Drell-Yan Process in Color Dipole Model

We study pion-proton Orp) Drell-Yan (DY) dilepton production in the target rest frame with color dipole model. The prediction for πp DY cross section at the energies of RHIC and LHC is presented, and it can be compared with the data directly, because it does not need K factor. At the same time, the transverse momentum distribution is shown in quantities, which is not available from the standard parton model. The experimental studies of the process could test the color model for DY dilepton production.

Comparison between Equivalent Charge Model and Equivalent Dipole Model on Realistic Head Model

Equivalent source layer （ESL） imaging is an important kind of high-resolution electro- encephalogram （EEG） imaging. It consists of two categories： equivalent dipole layer （EDL） and equivalent charge layer （ECL）. Both of them are assumed to be located on or near the cortical surface and have been proposed as high-resolution imaging modalities or as intermediate steps to estimate the epicortical potential. Here, EDL and ECL based on a realistic head model are presented, both simulations and real data experiment are done to compare these two models. The results show that ECL can provide higher spatial resolution about source location than EDL does.

Research on the Static Magnetic Field of Ships with Corrosion and Anticorrosion Efficacy Using Electric Dipole Model

In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the mirror image theory.Combined with the distribution of the underwater electric potential measured in laboratory,an electric dipole model for physical scale of ship was established and the distribution characteristics of an actual ship' s corrosion related magnetic field were obtained.Based on established models,theoretical analysis and calculation were made to catch out the distribution characteristics of static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion,which can not be measured directly in seawater.The results show that the static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion is a kind of noteworthy obstacle signal for degaussed ships.

3-D Magnetic Sensor Module for Locating and Tracking MEMS Swallowable Capsule Based on Scalar Form of Magnetic Dipole Model

MEMS swallowable capsule is a novel technology in the non-invasive surgery. This technology provides a way to diagnose directly into the deep intestinal where the traditional invasive technology implemented, such as X-Ray, endoscopy. It is a key for us to locate and track the position of a MEMS capsule in clinical applications. To solve this problem, we implemented a magnetic sensor module based on the scalar form of the magnetic dipole model,which was designed with very small size （5.2 ＊ 2. 1 ＊ 1.2 em） and easy to assemble to satisfy the system requirement. Here we discuss in detail the principle of magnetic dipole model, rules of selecting sensor and functions of the module. Some trials are established to test the characteristic of the module. The results of the Cm experiment demonstrates that the module follows the rules of the new magnetic dipole model form.

Influence of the North American Dipole on ENSO onset as simulated by a coupled ocean-Atmosphere model

The North American Dipole(NAD)is a north-south seesaw pattern of sea level pressure anomalies over the western tropical North Atlantic and northeastern North America.Previous observational studies have demonstrated that the NAD can affect the outbreak of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events.The present study analyzed the NAD-ENSO relationship as simulated by a coupled ocean-atmosphere model-namely,the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model,gridpoint version 2(FGOALS-g2).Results indicated that the model can replicate a distinct dipole comprised of a low over northeastern North America and a high over the western tropical North Atlantic,which is the signature feature of the NAD.Further analysis verified that the winter NAD can initiate the central equatorial Pacific warming in the subsequent winter by effectively forcing an anticyclonic flow and sea surface temperature(SST)warming over the northeastern subtropical Pacific(NESP)during late winter or early spring.In addition,the probability of an El Niño event was increased by a factor of 1.8 in the assimilation experiment with the NAD.By comparison,the winter Northern Atlantic Oscillation had no significant impact on the occurrence of ENSO a year later owing to its failure to induce the SST and surface wind anomalies over the NESP.

Top Quark Chromomagnetic Dipole Moment in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity

The littlest Higgs model with T-parity, which is called LHT model, predicts the existence of the new particles, such as heavy top quarks, heavy gauge bosons, and mirror fermions. We calculate the one-loop contributions of these new particles to the top quark ehromomagnetic dipole moment （CMDM） AK. We find that the contribution of the LHT model is one order of magnitude smaller than the standard model prediction value.

Measurement-induced disturbance between two atoms in Tavis-Cummings model with dipole dipole interaction

Quantum correlation, measured by measurement-induced disturbance （MID）, between two two-level atoms is investi- gated in detail in Tavis-Cummings model with dipole--dipole interaction （DDI）. We find that MID can be determined only by the dipole-dipole interaction between the two atoms when the cavity and atoms are at resonance. Moreover, DDI will have different effects on MID for two different kinds of initial states.

ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole mode in three coupled GCMs

The simulated ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode events from three coupled GCMs with the same oceaniccomponent model, CPM0, CPM1 and FGCM0, are compared. The only difference between the CPM0 and theCPM1 comes from the coupling scheme at the airsea interface, e.g., flux anomaly coupling scheme for the former anddirect coupling scheme for the latter. The FGCM0 is also a directly coupled GCM, but its atmospheric componentmodel is the NCAR CCM3 rather than the NCC T63AGCM as in the other two coupled GCMs CPM0 and CPM1.All three coupled models show El Nio-like interannual variability in the tropic Pacific, but the FGCM0 shows a bitstronger amplitude of El Nio events and both the CPM0 and the CPM1 show much weaker amplitude than theobserved one. In the meanwhile, the quasi-biennial variability dominates in the FGCM0 simulations, and 4 a andlonger periods are significant in both the CPM0 and CPM1 models. As the El Nio events simulated by the threecoupled GCMs, the simulated Indian Ocean dipole mode events are stronger from the coupled model FGCM0 andweaker from both the CPM0 and CPM1 models than those from observation.

THE WARMING MECHANISM IN THE SOUTHERN ARABIAN SEA DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE EVENTS

This study aims to explore the relative role of oceanic dynamics and surface heat fluxes in the warming of southern Arabian Sea and southwest Indian Ocean during the development of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events by using National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) daily reanalysis data and Global Ocean Data Assimilation System(GODAS) monthly mean ocean reanalysis data from 1982 to2013,based on regression analysis,Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis and combined with a 21/2layer dynamic upper-ocean model.The results show that during the initial stage of IOD events,warm downwelling Rossby waves excited by an anomalous anticyclone over the west Indian Peninsula,southwest Indian Ocean and southeast Indian Ocean lead to the warming of the mixed layer by reducing entrainment cooling.An anomalous anticyclone over the west Indian Peninsula weakens the wind over the Arabian Sea and Somali coast,which helps decrease the sea surface heat loss and shallow the surface mixed layer,and also contributes to the sea surface temperature(SST) warming in the southern Arabian Sea by inhibiting entrainment.The weakened winds increase the SST along the Somali coast by inhibiting upwelling and zonal advection.The wind and net sea surface heat flux anomalies are not significant over the southwest Indian Ocean.During the antecedent stage of IOD events,the warming of the southern Arabian Sea is closely connected with the reduction of entrainment cooling caused by the Rossby waves and the weakened wind.With the appearance of an equatorial easterly wind anomaly,the warming of the southwest Indian Ocean is not only driven by weaker entrainment cooling caused by the Rossby waves,but also by the meridional heat transport carried by Ekman flow.The anomalous sea surface heat flux plays a key role to damp the warming of the west pole of the IOD.

On the realization of atomic dipole squeezing by remote manipulation

A scheme for adjusting the dipole squeezing properties of one atom at one place by manipulating and detecting another atom at the remote place is proposed, in which these atoms initially in the spatially separated entangled state act as a quantum channel carrying quantum information. The result shows that the dipole squeezing properties of one atom can be adjusted by rotating and detecting the other, and the maximal atomic squeezing can be obtained under local operation and classical communication.

Electromagnetic fields from a horizontal electrical dipole buried in ocean

Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method. Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole (HED) . A three-layered model is accepted,with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement,possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity. The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: (1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; (2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; (3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic (MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration,the airwave influence could be neglected; and (4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect.

Levitation and lateral forces between a point magnetic dipole and a superconducting sphere

The dipole–dipole interaction model is employed to investigate the angular dependence of the levitation and lateral forces acting on a small magnet in an anti-symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system. Breaking the symmetry of the system enables us to study the lateral force which is important in the stability of the magnet above a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state. Under the assumption that the lateral displacement of the magnet is small compared to the physical dimensions of our proposed system, analytical expressions are obtained for the levitation and lateral forces as a function of the geometrical parameters of the superconductor as well as the height, the lateral displacement, and the orientation of the magnetic moment of the magnet. The dependence of the levitation force on the height of the levitating magnet is similar to that in the symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system within the range of proposed lateral displacements. It is found that the levitation force is linearly dependent on the lateral displacement whereas the lateral force is independent of this displacement. A sinusoidal variation of both forces as a function of the polar and azimuthal angles specifying the orientation of the magnetic moment is observed. The relationship between the stability and the orientation of the magnetic moment is discussed for different orientations.

Higher-Order Squeezing for Atomic Dipole of a Three-Level Atom in the Kerr-Like Medium Cavity Fields

In this paper, evolution of the higher order squeezing for atomic dipole of three level atom in the Kerr like medium is investigated. The atom discussed has two configurations and is driven by the single mode coherent state field. Our results show that the squeezing effects are clearly influenced by nonlinear parameters, the initial atom state and the detuning.

Angular dependence of vertical force and torque when magnetic dipole moves vertically above flat high-temperature superconductor

The interaction between a permanent magnet(PM)assumed as a magnetic dipole and a flat high-temperature superconductor(HTS)is calculated by the advanced frozen-image model.When the dipole vertically moves above the semiinfinite HTS,the general analytical expression of vertical force and that of torque are obtained for an arbitrary angle between the magnetization direction of the PM and the c axis of the HTS.The variations of the force and torque are analyzed for angle and vertical movements in both zero-field cooling(ZFC)condition and field cooling(FC)condition.It is found that the maximum vertical repulsive or attractive force has the positive or negative cosine relation with the angle.However,the maximum torque has the positive or negative sine relation.From the viewpoint of the rotational equilibrium,the orientation of the magnetic dipole with zero angle is deemed to be an unstable equilibrium point in ZFC,but the same orientation is considered as a stable equilibrium point in FC.In addition,both of the variation cycles of the maximum force and torque with the angle areπ.

Moments of Inertia, Magnetic Dipole Moments, and Electric Quadrupole Moments of the Lithium Isotopes

The single-particle Schrödinger fluid model is designed mainly to calculate the moments of inertia of the axially symmetric deformed nuclei by assuming that each nucleon in the nucleus is moving in a single-particle potential which is deformed with time t, through its parametric dependence on a classical shape variable α(t). Also, the Nilsson model is designed for the calculations of the single-particle energy levels, the magnetic dipole moments, and the electric quadrupole moments of axially symmetric deformed nuclei by assuming that all the nucleons are moving in the field of an anisotropic oscillator potential. On the other hand, the nuclear superfluidity model is designed for the calculations of the nuclear moments of inertia and the electric quadrupole moments of deformed nuclei which have no axes of symmetry by assuming that the nucleons are moving in a quadruple deformed potential. Furthermore, the cranked Nilsson model is designed for the calculations of the total nuclear energy and the quadrupole moments of deformed nuclei which have no axes of symmetry by modifying the Nilsson potential to include second and fourth order oscillations. Accordingly, to investigate whether the six p-shell isotopes 6Li, 7Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, and 11Li have axes of symmetry or not, we applied the four mentioned models to each nucleus by calculating their moments of inertia, their magnetic dipole moments, and their electric quadrupole moments by varying the deformation parameter β and the non-axiality parameter γ in wide ranges of values for this reason. Hence for the assumption that these isotopes are deformed and have axes of symmetry, we applied the single-particle Schrödinger fluid model and the Nilsson model. On the other hand, for the assumption that these isotopes are deformed and have no axes of symmetry, we applied the cranked Nilsson model and the nuclear super fluidity model. As a result of our calculations, we can conclude that the nucleus 6Li may be assumed to be deformed and has an axis of symmetry.

Non-Uniform Pion Tetrahedron Aether and Electron Tetrahedron Model

We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.

Numerical Analysis on Magnetic-induced Shear Modulus of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Multi-chain Model

Based on the magnetic interaction energy, using derivative of the magnetic energy density, a model is proposed to compute the magnetic-induced shear modulus of magnetorheological elastomers. Taking into account the influences of particles in the same chain and the particles in all adjacent chains, the traditional magnetic dipole model of the magnetorheological elastomers is modified. The influence of the ratio of the distance etween adjacent chains to the distance between adjacent particles in a chain on the magnetic induced shear odulus is quantitatively studied. When the ratio is large, the multi-chain model is compatible with the single chain model, but when the ratio is small, the difference of the two models is significant and can not be neglected. Making certain the size of the columns and the distance between adjacent columns, after constructing the computational model of BCT structures, the mechanical property of the magnetorheological elastomers composed of columnar structures is analyzed. Results show that, conventional point dipole model has overrated the magnetic-induced shear modulus of the magnetorheological elastomers. From the point of increasing the magnetic-induced shear modulus, when the particle volume fraction is small, the chain-like structure exhibits better result than the columnar structure, but when the particle volume fraction is large,the columnar structure will be better.

Chromomagnetic dipole moments of light quarks in the bestest little Higgs model

In this study,we investigated the anomalous Chromomagnetic Dipole Moment(CMDM),denoted as μ_(q)^(BLHM),of light quarks q=(u,c,d,s,b) within the framework of the Bestest Little Higgs Model(BLHM)as an extension of the Standard Model(SM).Our investigation encompassed novel interactions among the light quarks,heavy quark B,and heavy bosons (W'^(±),H^(±),φ^(±),η^(±))incorporating the extended Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa(CKM)matrix characteristic of the BLHM.We thoroughly explored the permissible parameter space,yielding a spectrum of CMDM values ranging from 10^(-10) to 10^(-3).

Simulation study of a magnetocardiogram based on a virtual heart model:effect of a cardiac equivalent source and a volume conductor

In this paper, we present a magnetocardiogram （MCG） simulation study using the boundary element method （BEM） and based on the virtual heart model and the realistic human volume conductor model. The different contributions of cardiac equivalent source models and volume conductor models to the MCG are deeply and comprehensively investigated. The single dipole source model, the multiple dipoles source model and the equivalent double layer （EDL） source model are analysed and compared with the cardiac equivalent source models. Meanwhile, the effect of the volume conductor model on the MCG combined with these cardiac equivalent sources is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cardiac electrophysiological information will be partly missed when only the single dipole source is taken, while the EDL source is a good option for MCG simulation and the effect of the volume conductor is smallest for the EDL source. Therefore, the EDL source is suitable for the study of MCG forward and inverse problems, and more attention should be paid to it in future MCG studies.