Different Cultural Values between China and America:Collectivism and Individualism in Business Negotiation

Along with the advancement of globalization and China's further integration into the global market, business negotiations between Chinese and American enterprises have been increasing rapidly. In order to successfully communicate with each other and promote the progress of business negotiation, this paper analyzes differences between America's individualism and China's collectivism in Business Negotiation, and uses the case of Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's PC unit as an example. The last part provides Chinese negotiators with some recommendations to achieve successful negotiations.

Study on the formation factors of China＇s negative image under the perspective of contemporary British and American media and the countermeasures

Against globalization, national image has become important strategic resource and a clear understanding of China＇s image in western countries is greatly beneficial to China＇s development and rise. This paper through studying China＇s image in contemporary British and American academia and press probes into the negative image, analysing the background and reason of its formation to give inspiration for the construction of national image under globalization.

UK and FPDA in the Horizon of “Global Britain”

As a strategic pivot for defense partnerships,the Five Power Defense Arrangements(FPDA)has tremendous implications in the UK for facilitating the UK’s strategic extension from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.By connecting the two regions,FPDA would allow"Global Britain"to combine with the US Indo-Pacific strategy.It can bolster UK intervention in Asia-Pacific security affairs,particularly the South China Sea issue,and contribute to defensive cooperation between the UK and its allies and partners.On the other hand,FPDA could contribute to closer UK-ASEAN ties.FPDA faces challenges in resource investment,"collective action"in the South China Sea,alliance constraints,and disparate maritime security environments between Indian and Pacific.As such,FPDA’s future depends on UK determination,investment and strategic operation.

Multilateral Investment Agreement Negotiations and China's Policies

Of late,Chins’s joining in the WTO has again claimed the focus of attention at home and abroad.What is most talked about at home is

Discussion on the Construction of Negotiation Mechanism of Cross-bounder Water Pollution Treatment in Changjiang River

In order to construct cooperation platform for the treatment of water pollution in Changjiang River,thoughts and revolution were performed from both central government and regional area two aspects.From the national level,Changjiang region water resources management cooperation counsel committee was constructed as the national cooperation platform;from the regional level,Changjiang region water resources management cooperation counsel committee was constructed as the platform of Changjiang cooperation platform.The two platforms built fine interaction mechanism to deal with the national water management and Changjiang regional water management.

Britain's Hong Kong Policy in Recent Years Changes and Assessments

The UK has been keeping a close eye on Hong Kong,not only because of their traditional historical links but also to maintain its own political and economic interests.With Hong Kong undergoing rapid changes in recent years,the UK's policy on Hong Kong has also made some adjustments.It still calls on restarting political reform in Hong Kong,emphasizing the importance of judicial independence,and trying to use Hong Kong to expand trade in China and in the Asia-Pacific region.In the future,China should pay more attention to UK's policy on Hong Kong under the framework of China-UK relations.

旧金山会议中共代表问题新探

1945年董必武出席在旧金山举办的联合国制宪大会是抗日战争史和中国近代外交史上的重要事件,而中共代表取得参会权的过程却历经波折。在抗战后期的国共谈判中,新任美国驻华大使赫尔利为了善后“史迪威事件”,偏袒国民党政府、反对中共代表参加旧金山会议。随着美苏双方在雅尔塔会议上就远东问题达成秘密协定,以及毛泽东、周恩来坚决反对国民党一党专政,美国高层最终改变态度,敦促蒋介石同意在中国代表团内列入一名中共成员。国民党政府妥协退让的背后蕴藏着遏制中共的复杂谋略,延安方面的因应策略则体现出抗战后期中共对国家发展前景的深层思考。

争主权与绥边陲:新疆建省前中俄俄属安集延人交涉

新疆建省前,刘锦棠等新疆地方官员以俄属安集延人并非“真正俄人”为由,以国际法为法理依据,意图限制俄属安集延人在新疆的活动。此举得到清廷支持,由此引发中俄交涉。交涉初期,双方从各自的利益出发解释条约,责备对方违约。随着中方转变交涉策略,争论焦点转向俄属安集延人是“中国叛逆”?还是“俄属安居之民”?在沙俄的强权下,清廷最终让步。俄属安集延人交涉源于沙俄对中国主权的侵蚀,刘锦棠及清政府的反应既是对沙俄侵略行径的反抗,更是以主权建设为主的积极的边疆治理,体现出转型时期边疆治理中内政、外交交织的复杂历史面相。此次交涉以国民归属及国家管辖权为焦点,清廷虽然妥协,但明确了国民管辖的主权原则,呈现了历史演进的方向。

晚清至民国中英留学政策变迁及其影响

晚清至民国中英留学政策在英国推行殖民主义、中国社会“救亡图存”背景下,以洋务运动中的“海军留英”、民国时期的“庚款留英”和抗日战争期间的英国对华援助三大事件为中心,整体呈现发展曲折、政策体系不健全和受美、法两国影响大等特点。海军留学阶段,清政府大力派遣海军留英生,英方基本接收;庚款留英阶段,英国跟随美国脚步,推行“庚款兴学”;抗日战争阶段,英国积极推动中英教育交流,以此作为援华政策的一部分。留英教育帮助中国培养了多领域人才,推动了我国近现代教育、科技、军事、思想文化等方面的进步。

晚清中日东沙岛交涉案件中民间证据的作用

20世纪初的中日东沙岛主权交涉案以晚清政府的胜利而告终,清政府一方面采用援引中外历史材料力证东沙岛为中国版图之事实由来已久,另一方面积极采用渔民口供及书证等证据证明东沙岛系中国渔民最早发现、命名、经营、开发。清政府的对外交涉中,在张人骏等人主导下结合渔民证据紧紧围绕“最初发现”等系列国际法核心问题展开论证,成功维护了岛屿主权也令日商承担索赔岛上损失并补缴税款,向西方列强宣告我国海洋领土主权神圣不可侵犯。作为近代史上成功的边疆主权维护案例,在官方缺乏占领等具体材料时,中日东沙岛交涉案件中首次运用民间证据维护主权的做法亦为当下的相关问题提供了一定的思路。

英国建筑业职工健康安全体系研究与启示

建筑职工的职业健康安全是工程建设过程中的重要社会责任,为借鉴国外建筑业职工健康安全管理经验,从构建历程、宏观设计和微观管理要点三个方面系统研究了英国建筑业职工健康安全管理体系,对比和总结我国建筑业职业健康安全管理存在的问题,并提出加强我国建筑业职业健康与安全管理的建议。研究结果表明:在构建历程方面,英国法律法规不断完善,形成一套成熟的健康安全法律体系;在宏观设计方面,英国构建双元制监管体系;在微观管理要点方面,英国法律体系层次分明、体制完善;实时更新、重在落实;资质评级、严肃规范;注重培养人才、进行产品研发。通过学习英国建筑业职工健康安全体系建设经验,为我国建筑监管人员提出可行性建议,从而降低建筑安全事故。

16世纪英国幻想中的中国形象

比较文学中的“他者”,即异国形象的塑造历来不是按照他国的真实样貌进行构建的,而是本国某时期自我欲望的反映。16世纪的英国正处于国家变革期,在社会的高速运转下,它急需摆脱其他欧洲国家,独立开拓贸易路线以提升国家整体实力。而当时中国的政治与经济的大一统形象,则完全符合英国变革中的乌托邦形象。据文献所载,英国在探索中所构建的中国形象完全是以自身为蓝本来进行虚构的,而这种幻想恰恰是最能反映16世纪英国的真实生活。

Consideration of some key issues of carbon market development in China

The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China's carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China's carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China's carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China's financing system.

Introduction:Creativity and Imagination through Time,Culture and Identity

Highlighting the Time,Culture and Identity cross-disciplinary project conducted between the Science Museum in London,the Palace Museum in Beijing,academics at Beijing Jiaotong University and the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,and creative industries practitioners in China and the UK,this introduction highlights the key impacts of the research.As well as creating the practical output of a digital museum experience focused on the workings of the Country Scene clock,the research brought a range of wider impacts,including a change in understanding between collaborators,capacity-building skills,research process development and a change in attitude.The papers of this supplementary issue reflect some of the range of impacts of the work of our collaborators.

British Clocks in Eighteenth-Century China:Presents,Tribute,or Trade?

It is commonly believed that most European clocks that reached China before the nineteenth century were sent to the emperor as diplomatic presents from European rulers,or were given to Chinese officials by European merchants in attempts to improve trading conditions.Although such presents had been given in earlier times,British records show that,by the eighteenth century when the export of clocks to China reached its height,most clocks,including the finest,reached China as private trade goods.Once in Canton(Guangzhou),the best clocks were bought by local Chinese officials for inclusion in their annual tribute to the emperor and senior members of the government in Beijing,where many of these clocks survive in the former imperial collection.

Competition gives way to cooperation:rethinking Sino-Indian relations in climate change negotiations

In global climate change politics,China and India have worked closely with each other,representing two big emitters from the developing world.This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012.Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations(IR) studies that states will seek "external balancing" for maximizing national "relative gains".China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters,the same pressure in carbon emission reductions,and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens.Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance,this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.

Influence of China's Grain Industrial Market Structure over Grain Pricing Power

From the point of view of industrial market structure,we analyze the influence of market structure on grain production,circulation,and processing,and on the grain pricing power of entities along China's grain industrial chain.Through analysis,it is indicated that different features of market structure play a significant role in pricing power of such microeconomic entities as farmers and grain enterprises in grain production and transaction.And the market structure determines welfare distribution model of consumers' surplus and producers' surplus at the market.

新时代推进两岸协商谈判的路径思考

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记多次提出与中国台湾各界开展广泛深入协商,推进政治谈判,推动两岸关系和平发展,推进祖国和平统一进程。两岸协商谈判的政治基础是坚持“九二共识”、反对“台独”、共谋统一。新时代推进两岸协商谈判的思路主要有:促使更多台湾地区同胞成为认同和支持两岸协商谈判的坚实力量;沿着“民主协商—政治谈判的程序性商谈—政治对话与协商—政治谈判”的路径逐步推进;增强军事实力为推动两岸政治谈判提供坚强后盾和坚实保障;提前做好应对中国台湾方面关切的敏感问题的预案;有步骤、分阶段、分层次地开展协商谈判;采取灵活多样的协商谈判方式;坚持“化整为零、积零为整”的协商思路;择机推进两岸政治谈判的程序性商谈;适时升级“九二共识”为两岸政治谈判预作基础准备;以“聚同化异”取代“求同存异”作为两岸协商谈判的新指针。

英国1964年《产业培训法》的实施对我国开展学徒制的启示

英国1964年《产业培训法》在组织推动、法律实施、征发培训附加费等方面开启了职业教育及学徒培训的支持,明确了学徒的选拔标准,对学徒进行了分类,界定了学徒制课程类型、课程内容和课程考核方法,切实提升了职业教育及学徒培训的培训质量。但重产业培训轻技术教育、未能改革学徒制及制定产业培训标准、直接退款操作困难和中小企业难以享受培训补助待遇等也是其不足之处。英国1964年《产业培训法》的成效与不足揭示我国开展学徒制时,要促进企业新型学徒制与现代学徒制的衔接和统一、加快职业教育与技术技能培训的全面融合、打造职业教育与技术技能培训融合型育人体系、加大财政对学徒制人才培养的经费支持力度。