Issues concerning Migrant Workers' Participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Countermeasures——Based on the Survey in Wenjiang District and Jintang County, Chengdu City

We conduct questionnaire survey of migrant workers in Wenjiang District and Jintang County of Chengdu City,respectively,using the method of key-point investigation and the sampling survey. We describe the status quo of the sample migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,analyze the issues concerning migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,and put forward the countermeasures and recommendations as follows: using many types of medical insurance; establishing universal reimbursement points in strange land and premium-paying system for migrant workers; making the proportion of reimbursement open and transparent; establishing and improving medicare security system for migrant workers.

Government Responsibility in New Rural Cooperative Medical Care System from the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

Equity and efficiency,as two essential parts of social security,always influence construction of China's new rural cooperative medical care system.The new rural cooperative medical care system is a rural social security system particularly intended to make it more affordable for the rural poor.It is a multi-channel fundraising system with fund of comprehensive arrangement for serious disease composed by the government,collectives and individuals.Since its implementation,it has made considerable achievements,but there are still many apparent and hidden problems.Through analyzing existing problems in the implementation of new rural cooperative medical care system,from the perspective of equity and efficiency,it reached the conclusion that government should take corresponding responsibilities.At the same time of constantly increasing efficiency,it is recommended to attach importance to the equity,so as to realize the objective of improving the security level of new rural cooperative medical care system.

Restraining Factors and Improving Paths for the Operation Mechanism of New Rural Cooperative Medical System in China

The new rural cooperative medical system has achieved periodical achievements since its establishment.Nevertheless,there are many factors hampering the development of the new system,such as the high cost,the difficulties in fund procurement,the lack of management,the narrow coverage of benefit,the ineffective constraint to the designated medical institutions,the high fund balance rate,and the poor medical facilities and services in rural areas.Countermeasures are put forward to solve these problems,including improving the system design,expanding the coverage of the system,expanding the fund sources,reducing the financing costs,strengthening the fund supervision,enhancing the supervision of designated medical institutions,and improving the capacity of health services in rural areas.

The impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on the“health poverty alleviation”of rural households in China

This study investigates the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NRCMS)on rural households to escape poverty.We employ the instrumental variable method,the IVProbit model,to analyze the national data from the rural-resident field survey by the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2016.Based on the large-scale data,we found that,first,the hospitalization of family members is the key factor in increasing the risk of the family falling into poverty.The NRCMS has significantly reduced the likely risk of falling into poverty.Second,the impact of the NRCMS on poverty alleviation varies among groups with different levels of income.There is no impact on the upper-middle and high-income groups;in contrast,the NRCMS has substantially improved the capacity of low-income rural families to prevent poverty due to illness,especially for the lower-middle-income group.Third,there exist significant regional differences in the impact of NRCMS on the health poverty alleviation of rural households in China.The NRCMS has successfully reduced the risk of rural households in the western region falling into poverty,simultaneously,no significant impact on those in the eastern and central regions.In order to diminish and eliminate poverty eventually and boost rural residents'capacity for income acquisition,we propose the following:raise the actual compensation ratio of the NRCMS,control the rising expense of NRCMS by promoting the payment method reform,construct the comprehensive healthcare system in the western region,strengthen the medical security for the poor in remote area,and enhance the living environment for rural residents.

The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Implications on Rural Labor Migration in China：Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys

In 2003, China initiated the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme （NRCMS） in order to provide basic health care coverage for the rural population. However, the NRCMS has had a marked impact on rural-urban labor migration as its current regulations present a barrier for cross-region participation in the NRCMS, and its reimbursement system is biased when the enrollees seek medical services outside their location of hukou, a household registration system in China. This paper performs a variety of empirical tests on a panel data set from the China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS） to study how the NRCMS affects rural residents＇ work location choices. We observed a ＂locking effect＂ on potential rural migrant workers and a ＂pulling effect＂ on existing ones. According to the results, the NRCMS has discouraged rural residents from working outside their location of hukou, lowering the probability of relocation by 3.52 percent. Meanwhile, the NRCMS system actually encourages existing migrant workers to return home. This paper concludes that the NRCMS has to some extent restrained the free flow of the labor force and exacerbated the migrant worker shortage.

Impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Health Care Service Utilization in Rural China

Using the 2000, 2004, and 2006 CHNS longitudinal survey data and econometric methods （random-effect probit regression model and DID methods）, this study conducted an empirical analysis to estimate the impact of NCMS. The major conclusions are as follows. First, predisposing factors, enabling factors, health care need factors, and lifestyle factors affect health care utilization. Second, results using DID methods indicate that NCMS did not affect health care service utilization （outpatient and inpatient） of individuals when ill, but it might increase the possibility of getting a health examination. Third, there is no difference in health care service utilization （both outpatient and inpatient） between the NCMS enrollment group and the non-enrollment group in both working age group （15-59） and the elderly group （60 and over）. Therefore, it can be said that NCMS did not affect the health care utilization in both the group. However, NCMS positively affects disease prevention behavior （visiting the hospital to receive a health examination） in the working age group, but the effect did not appear in the elderly group.

Non-professional Agricultural Production Villages Establishing a New Rural Cooperative

The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.

城乡基本医疗保险制度实施对家庭消费的影响效应及作用机制

基于1988—2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,以城乡基本医疗保险制度实施为准自然实验,采用双重差分法考察了城镇基本医疗保险与新型农村合作医疗保险(即新农合)对家庭消费率的影响及其机制。结果显示:相较于未参保家庭,参加城镇医保的家庭消费率显著高出1.01%,但新农合的影响不显著;机制分析发现,城镇医保促进了参保家庭的总消费和分项消费支出,但新农合对消费支出无显著影响,同时,城镇医保和新农合对总收入和大部分分项收入无显著影响,这与基准回归结果一致;异质性分析表明,城镇医保更多地提升了中老年、非富裕、不健康群体,以及西部地区的家庭消费率。对此,应当充分发挥基本医疗保险制度对提振家庭消费率的积极作用,对“大水漫灌”式的财政补助应进行反思;改变基本医保“户保分离”“业保分离”的现状;加强针对特定人群的医保政策;注重提高参保青年和健康群体的获得感。

新质生产力发展视角下山西省农机专业合作社提质增效优化研究

农机专业合作社发展离不开新质生产力的推动,而劳动者、生产关系、生产工具和生产要素创新性配置等,都是新质生产力形成过程中不可或缺的要素。该文采用文献研究、问卷调查,以及与农机专业合作社相关领域专家及负责人深度访谈交流的方式,从山西省农户调查、农业职业经理人经营能力和村镇银行信贷满意度调查3个视角对农机专业合作社提质增效进行分析研究,剖析产生问题的原因,提出深化联合社发展、构建新型服务模式,改革联合社人才选聘机制,充分发挥农业中介专业组织作用,以及优化农村金融贷款服务等促进农机专业合作社提质增效优化的建议。

合作经营对新型农村集体经济组织韧性的影响

基于陕西、甘肃两省微观调查数据,从冗余性、敏捷性、稳定性、能动性四个方面构建新型农村集体经济组织韧性测度指标,论证了合作经营对新型农村集体经济组织韧性的影响。研究结果显示,采取合作经营的方式使新型农村集体经济组织韧性明显提高约17.8%,该结论能通过稳健性和内生性检验;但合作经营对新型农村集体经济组织韧性的影响程度会受到村域社会资本和自然资源禀赋的调节。进一步检验发现,合作经营对新型农村集体经济组织韧性的正向影响在兼业化水平低、村集体经济收入较高、户籍人口较多的村庄中更为明显。因此,应该因地制宜,逐步采取合作经营的方式发展新型农村集体经济;同时应规范集体资产管理,保障组织成员主体性地位,以促进新型农村集体经济发展壮大。

新型农村集体经济发展:历史变迁、经验启示与未来进路

我国新型农村集体经济发展经历了从改革开放初期到2001年的双层经营体制和乡镇企业发展,2002—2011年集体经济分化调整,再到2012年至今集体产权制度改革建立股份合作制新型农村集体经济3个阶段。新型农村集体经济发展同宏观经济形势、农村要素市场化改革取向、城乡关系调整须臾不分,同土地制度和集体产权制度变迁紧密相关,与合作经济发展相互补充、并行不悖。展望未来,发展壮大新型农村集体经济,走中国特色乡村振兴之路,实现中国式农业农村现代化和农民共同富裕依然任重道远,必须加大理论创新、政策创新和改革实践创新力度,努力探索新型农村集体经济组织特殊法人的新的实现形式和组织形式;强化镇域统筹,积极培育乡村两级新型农村集体经济组织体系。

新型农村合作金融农户参与意愿及影响因素研究

文章通过对山东省青岛市新型农村合作社的农户社员进行抽样调查,重点研究乡村振兴背景下社员参与新型农村合作金融的影响因素和破解路径。运用多因素方差分析法,选取户主年龄、借贷来源、金融认识情况等9个指标作为自变量,对影响社员参与新型农村合作金融参与意向展开分析,并在此基础上,运用Logistic模型,对除借贷来源以外的8个影响因素进行分析。结果显示,户主文化程度、借贷需求和当地农村合作社是否形成较完善的组织架构对农户参与意向具有正向影响。而其余家庭经济水平、金融认识情况等5个变量对农户参与意向具有负向影响。提高社员新事物接受能力、完善金融框架、扩大融资渠道等路径能够有效解决阻碍合作金融发展的障碍。

大病保险、医疗服务升级与农民健康

“健康中国2030”规划纲要明确了健康对经济社会发展的重要作用,在新型农村合作医疗制度未能显著改善农民健康的背景下,研究农民健康水平的提升机制具有重要意义。本文聚焦2012年8月开始试点实施的城乡居民大病保险制度,基于2011—2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,以样本所在城市是否试点实施农村大病保险作为依据构造“农村大病保险”参保变量,运用计量模型实证检验农村大病保险对农民健康的影响效应及机制。实证结果显示,试点农村大病保险使农民自评健康显著提高0.08个单位,并且在对健康水平和农村大病保险等变量进行重新调整的情形下,实证结果依然稳健。异质性分析结果显示,农村大病保险对低收入群体的健康促进作用更大,并且对社区内有医疗点的群体影响效果更为显著。机制分析结果显示,对于需住院群体而言,农村大病保险通过促进农民做出住院决策进而改善了健康;而对于住院群体,农村大病保险通过促进农民选择级别更高的县区级医院进而改善了健康。为进一步提高农民健康水平,应丰富农村大病保险的筹资主体,引入个人缴费和财政补贴,在扩大大病保险基金规模的前提下,进一步提升大病保险待遇水平;同时,应改善农村基层医疗资源分配,提高农民基层医疗服务可及性和服务水平。

Health Insurance and Its Reimbursement Arrangements： Policy Evaluation on New Cooperative Medical System in Rural China

Disease has been one of the top reasons accounting for impoverishment in rural China. The government subsidizes health care through the New Cooperative Medical System since 2003 （ NCMS ）. The paper studies the effectiveness of various reimbursement arrangements in reducing the financial burden caused by health care in rural China. Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS） , it finds that the severity of illness, the type of illness, medical cost and other costs of the treatment are significantly influencing the choice of a type of treatment. Based on the estimated demand function, the paper concludes that the reimbursement for inmpatient care only has little effect on reducing the financial burden and the incidence of catastrophic expenditure and that expending subsidies to outpatient care is a more effective policy.

新型农村集体经济的市场化经营路径选择:自主经营还是合作经营

发展新型农村集体经济是党的二十大做出的重要部署,国家对此也做出了制度性安排,但对于集体经济组织如何有效参与市场,理论研究与实践探索都尚未形成明确共识。本文基于新型农村集体经济发展的组织特征和现实基础,深入剖析自主经营与合作经营两种发展路径的优劣。分析表明,两种方式各有优劣,发展新型农村集体经济不应该采取“非此即彼”的策略,而应该采取“互相补充”的思路。在农村集体产权制度改革取得阶段性成果的当下,农村集体经济重点应该基于农村集体禀赋优势,更多采取合作经营的模式以提高市场效率,并积极培育可以自主经营的发展领域以兼顾集体公共利益。

党组织领办合作社壮大农村集体经济的制度安排与实践逻辑

发展农村集体经济要求形成与之相适应的产业组织方式。党组织领办合作社是面向发展农村集体经济的现实需要而设计的产业组织方式,在社员结构、出资机制、决策机制、分配机制等方面具有独特的制度安排,能够带动土地规模经营、发展乡村特色产业和增加集体资产收益等,并以资源发包、物业出租、居间服务、资产参股等方式,将产业收益尽可能多地留存于村集体内部。党组织领办合作社经济效果的实现,需具备适宜的产业项目、集体资产入社、与农村集体经济组织分工协作、农民充分参与等条件。

农村新型合作经济组织财务管理研究

农村新型合作经济组织财务管理是我国乡村经济发展的有机组成部分,随着乡村改革的持续深化,各地在构建农村财务管理机制,实行村级财务工作中取得了良好的成效。结合农村新型合作经济组织财务管理的内涵,明确其所存在的问题,提出丰富筹资方式、健全财务制度、加强队伍建设等管理策略,以期提升新型合作经济组织的发展质量,助推我国农村经济的蓬勃发展。

加强新医科内涵建设提升人才自主培养质量

聚焦“健康中国”“教育强国”国家战略需求,围绕新医科建设内涵、人才培养学科专业、医学学制学位制度、临床医生培养体系、医教协同育人机制,系统全面梳理医学教育创新发展相关国家文件政策,论述如何以新医科统领医学教育创新发展,推进“科教结合”“产教融合”,促进医工、医理、医文学科交叉融合,全面提升“医学+X”拔尖创新医学人才和卓越临床医生的自主培养质量,为推进健康中国建设提供强有力的人才保障。

“新型供销社”在乡村振兴中的应用、模式及其规划响应研究

供销社是中华人民共和国成立以来在经济领域重要的制度实践。在新发展阶段下,本研究提出“新型供销社”概念,并引出了“理思路、强功能、兴产业”的乡村振兴应用路径;提出了新型供销社+产业基地、农业公司、农超对接和电子商务4种模式;结合新型供销社与城乡要素融合、乡村振兴阶段目标和村庄规划思维模式3个层面提出了借势而为,顺势而谋,乘势而思的规划响应策略。最后,希望本次研究能够为新时期乡村发展转型提供决策参考和借鉴。