The first marine gas hydrate expedition in China has been conducted by Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey in the Shenhu Area, northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Previous study has analyzed the P-T cond...The first marine gas hydrate expedition in China has been conducted by Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey in the Shenhu Area, northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Previous study has analyzed the P-T conditions, geophysical anomalies and saturation calculations of these gas hydrates, but has not documented in detail the migration of gas-bearing fluids in the study area. Based on the interpretations of 2D/3D seismic data, this work identified two types of migration pathways for gas-bearing fluids in the Shenhu area, i.e., vertical and lateral pathways. The vertical pathways（largescale faults, gas chimneys and mud diapirs） presented as steep seismic reflection anomalies, which could be traced downward to the Eocene source rocks and may penetrate into the Late Miocene strata. The deeper gases/fluids might be allowed migrating into the shallower strata through these vertical conduits. However, the distributions showed distinct differences between these pathways. Large-scale faults developed only in the north and northeast of the Shenhu area, while in the drilling area gas chimneys were the sole vertical migration pathways. Since the Pliocene, normal faults, detachment faults and favorable sediments have constituted the lateral pathways in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area. Although these lateral pathways were connected with gas chimneys, they exerted different effects on hydrate formation and accumulation. Gas-bearing fluids migrated upward along gas chimneys might further migrate laterally because of the normal faults, thereby enlarging the range of the chimneys. Linking gas chimneys with the seafloor, the detachment faults might act as conduits for escaping gases/fluids. Re-deposited sediments developed at the early stage of the Quaternary were located within the gas hydrate stability zone, so hydrates would be enriched in these favorable sediments. Compared with the migration pathways（large-scale faults and mud diapirs） in the LW3-1 deep-sea oil/gas field, the migration efficiency of the vertical pathways（composed of gas chimneys） in the gas hydrate drilling area might be relatively low. Description and qualitative discrimination of migration pathways in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area are helpful to further understand the relationship between good-quality deep source rocks and shallow, mainly biogenicallyproduced, hydrates. As the main source rocks of the Baiyun sag, lacustrine mudstones in the Wenchang and Enping Formations may provide thermogenic methane. Gas chimneys with relatively low migration efficiency created the vertical pathways. Caused by the Dongsha tectonic movement, the release of overpressured fluids might reduce the vertical migration rates of the thermogenic methane. The thick bathyal/abyssal fine-grained sediments since the Late Miocene provided migration media with low permeability. These preconditions may cause carbon isotopic fractionation ofthermogenic methane during long-distance vertical migrations. Therefore, although geochemical analyses indicate that the methane forming gas hydrate in the Shenhu area was mainly produced biogenically, or was mixed methane primarily of microbial origin, thermogenic methane still contribute significantly.展开更多
BSR （Bottom Simulating Reflector） occurs widely in the strata since the late Miocene in the deep-water area of the northern continental slope of South China Sea （SCS）. It is an important seismic reference mark whi...BSR （Bottom Simulating Reflector） occurs widely in the strata since the late Miocene in the deep-water area of the northern continental slope of South China Sea （SCS）. It is an important seismic reference mark which identifies the gas hydrate and its distribution influenced by the tectonic movements. Single-point basin modeling was conducted using 473 points in the study area. To discuss the relationships between the tectonic subsidence and BSR, the volume and rate of tectonic subsidence in each geological time have been simulated. The results show that there are three tectonic accelerate subsidence processes in the study area since the late Miocene, especially since 1.8Ma the tectonic subsidence accelerates more apparently. Since the Late Miocene to Pleistocene, the rate of tectonic subsidence in deep-water underwent a transformation from weak to strong. The ratio of tectonic subsidence to the total subsidence was relatively high （65-70%）. Through the superposition of the BSR developed areas and the contours of tectonic subsidence in this area, it was discovered that more than 80% of BSR tend to be distributed at the slope break or depression-uplift structural transfer zone and the average tectonic subsidence rate ranges from 70 m/Ma to 125 m/Ma.展开更多
In this paper, we take DLW3101 core obtained at the top of the canyon(no landslide area) and DLW3102 core obtained at the bottom of the canyon(landslide area) on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea a...In this paper, we take DLW3101 core obtained at the top of the canyon(no landslide area) and DLW3102 core obtained at the bottom of the canyon(landslide area) on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea as research objects. The chronostratigraphic framework of the DLW3101 core and elemental strata of the DLW3101 core and the DLW3102 core since MIS5 are established by analyzing oxygen isotope, calcium carbonate content, and X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) scanning elements. On the basis of the information obtained by analyzing the sedimentary structure and chemical elements in the landslide deposition, we found that the DLW3102 core shows four layers of submarine landslides, and each landslide layer is characterized by high Si, K, Ti, and Fe contents, thereby indicating terrigenous clastic sources. L1(2.15–2.44 m) occurred in MIS2, which is a slump sedimentary layer with a small sliding distance and scale. L2(15.48–16.00 m) occurred in MIS5 and is a debris flow-deposited layer with a scale and sliding distance that are greater than those of L1. L3(19.00–20.90 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(19.00–20.00 m) is a debris flow-deposited layer, and its lower part(20.00–20.90 m) is a sliding deposition layer. The landslide scale of L3 is large. L4(22.93–24.27 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(22.93–23.50 m) is a turbid sedimentary layer, and its lower part(23.50–24.27m) is a slump sedimentary layer. The landslide scale of L4 is large.展开更多
利用分子生物学技术分析南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物潜力区HS-373PC岩心表层沉积物中古菌多样性,从沉积物中提取总DNA并扩增古菌16SrRNA基因序列,对克隆文库进行系统发育分析。结果显示所有古菌序列均属于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古...利用分子生物学技术分析南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物潜力区HS-373PC岩心表层沉积物中古菌多样性,从沉积物中提取总DNA并扩增古菌16SrRNA基因序列,对克隆文库进行系统发育分析。结果显示所有古菌序列均属于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota)。其中泉古菌以C3为主要类群,另有少量序列属于Marine Benthic Group(MBG)-B,MBG-C,Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MGI),Marine Hydrothermal VentGroup(MHVG)和Novel Group of Crenarchaea(NGC);广古菌以MBG-D为主,其它序列分别属于UnclassifiedEuryarchaeotic Clusters-1/2(UEC-1/2)。展开更多
对南海北部陆坡Site4B站位末次冰盛期晚期至全新世(30~120cm)长链脂肪醇分布及碳同位素组成进行讨论,结果表明,长链脂肪醇碳优势指数(CPI,10.49~24.56)、平均碳链长(ACL,28.91~29.99)以及平均碳同位素组成(–28.85±0.97‰~–32.92&...对南海北部陆坡Site4B站位末次冰盛期晚期至全新世(30~120cm)长链脂肪醇分布及碳同位素组成进行讨论,结果表明,长链脂肪醇碳优势指数(CPI,10.49~24.56)、平均碳链长(ACL,28.91~29.99)以及平均碳同位素组成(–28.85±0.97‰~–32.92±1.38‰)均反映了陆源C3植物来源,代表了沉积物中陆源输入。Site4B站位末次冰盛期末至晚更新世末(65~102cm,19.343~11.636ka BP)普遍较低的陆源输入均响应了大规模的冰融水事件19ka-MWP、MWP-1A、MWP-1B(melt water pulse,MWP)和暖气候事件(B/A事件),不具冰期/间冰期旋回变化特征。在末次冰盛期晚期(102~120cm)和全新世(30~60cm,10.490~约7.104 ka BP)陆源输入的旋回变化均反映了加强/减弱的冬季风/夏季风旋回变化,其中在末次冰盛期晚期记录一次冬季风最强事件,在早全新世至9.940ka BP记录一次夏季风最强事件。通过Site4B站位末次冰盛期末至晚更新世末(19.343~约11.636 ka BP)千年尺度陆源输入分布特征和全球冰期/间冰期旋回气候变化的对比,发现不具明确的区域对比性,可能受到低纬地区局地环境的作用所致。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants No.41576048,41202080 and 41176052)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Chengdu University of Technology) (grant No.PLC201402)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2016312)the Scientific Cooperative Project by CNPC and CAS (2015A-4813)
文摘The first marine gas hydrate expedition in China has been conducted by Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey in the Shenhu Area, northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Previous study has analyzed the P-T conditions, geophysical anomalies and saturation calculations of these gas hydrates, but has not documented in detail the migration of gas-bearing fluids in the study area. Based on the interpretations of 2D/3D seismic data, this work identified two types of migration pathways for gas-bearing fluids in the Shenhu area, i.e., vertical and lateral pathways. The vertical pathways（largescale faults, gas chimneys and mud diapirs） presented as steep seismic reflection anomalies, which could be traced downward to the Eocene source rocks and may penetrate into the Late Miocene strata. The deeper gases/fluids might be allowed migrating into the shallower strata through these vertical conduits. However, the distributions showed distinct differences between these pathways. Large-scale faults developed only in the north and northeast of the Shenhu area, while in the drilling area gas chimneys were the sole vertical migration pathways. Since the Pliocene, normal faults, detachment faults and favorable sediments have constituted the lateral pathways in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area. Although these lateral pathways were connected with gas chimneys, they exerted different effects on hydrate formation and accumulation. Gas-bearing fluids migrated upward along gas chimneys might further migrate laterally because of the normal faults, thereby enlarging the range of the chimneys. Linking gas chimneys with the seafloor, the detachment faults might act as conduits for escaping gases/fluids. Re-deposited sediments developed at the early stage of the Quaternary were located within the gas hydrate stability zone, so hydrates would be enriched in these favorable sediments. Compared with the migration pathways（large-scale faults and mud diapirs） in the LW3-1 deep-sea oil/gas field, the migration efficiency of the vertical pathways（composed of gas chimneys） in the gas hydrate drilling area might be relatively low. Description and qualitative discrimination of migration pathways in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area are helpful to further understand the relationship between good-quality deep source rocks and shallow, mainly biogenicallyproduced, hydrates. As the main source rocks of the Baiyun sag, lacustrine mudstones in the Wenchang and Enping Formations may provide thermogenic methane. Gas chimneys with relatively low migration efficiency created the vertical pathways. Caused by the Dongsha tectonic movement, the release of overpressured fluids might reduce the vertical migration rates of the thermogenic methane. The thick bathyal/abyssal fine-grained sediments since the Late Miocene provided migration media with low permeability. These preconditions may cause carbon isotopic fractionation ofthermogenic methane during long-distance vertical migrations. Therefore, although geochemical analyses indicate that the methane forming gas hydrate in the Shenhu area was mainly produced biogenically, or was mixed methane primarily of microbial origin, thermogenic methane still contribute significantly.
基金supported by the National 973 Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2009CB219502)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072084)
文摘BSR （Bottom Simulating Reflector） occurs widely in the strata since the late Miocene in the deep-water area of the northern continental slope of South China Sea （SCS）. It is an important seismic reference mark which identifies the gas hydrate and its distribution influenced by the tectonic movements. Single-point basin modeling was conducted using 473 points in the study area. To discuss the relationships between the tectonic subsidence and BSR, the volume and rate of tectonic subsidence in each geological time have been simulated. The results show that there are three tectonic accelerate subsidence processes in the study area since the late Miocene, especially since 1.8Ma the tectonic subsidence accelerates more apparently. Since the Late Miocene to Pleistocene, the rate of tectonic subsidence in deep-water underwent a transformation from weak to strong. The ratio of tectonic subsidence to the total subsidence was relatively high （65-70%）. Through the superposition of the BSR developed areas and the contours of tectonic subsidence in this area, it was discovered that more than 80% of BSR tend to be distributed at the slope break or depression-uplift structural transfer zone and the average tectonic subsidence rate ranges from 70 m/Ma to 125 m/Ma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41506071)the NSFCShandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (No. U1606401)the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (No. GASI-GEO-GE-0503)
文摘In this paper, we take DLW3101 core obtained at the top of the canyon(no landslide area) and DLW3102 core obtained at the bottom of the canyon(landslide area) on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea as research objects. The chronostratigraphic framework of the DLW3101 core and elemental strata of the DLW3101 core and the DLW3102 core since MIS5 are established by analyzing oxygen isotope, calcium carbonate content, and X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) scanning elements. On the basis of the information obtained by analyzing the sedimentary structure and chemical elements in the landslide deposition, we found that the DLW3102 core shows four layers of submarine landslides, and each landslide layer is characterized by high Si, K, Ti, and Fe contents, thereby indicating terrigenous clastic sources. L1(2.15–2.44 m) occurred in MIS2, which is a slump sedimentary layer with a small sliding distance and scale. L2(15.48–16.00 m) occurred in MIS5 and is a debris flow-deposited layer with a scale and sliding distance that are greater than those of L1. L3(19.00–20.90 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(19.00–20.00 m) is a debris flow-deposited layer, and its lower part(20.00–20.90 m) is a sliding deposition layer. The landslide scale of L3 is large. L4(22.93–24.27 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(22.93–23.50 m) is a turbid sedimentary layer, and its lower part(23.50–24.27m) is a slump sedimentary layer. The landslide scale of L4 is large.
文摘利用分子生物学技术分析南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物潜力区HS-373PC岩心表层沉积物中古菌多样性,从沉积物中提取总DNA并扩增古菌16SrRNA基因序列,对克隆文库进行系统发育分析。结果显示所有古菌序列均属于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota)。其中泉古菌以C3为主要类群,另有少量序列属于Marine Benthic Group(MBG)-B,MBG-C,Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MGI),Marine Hydrothermal VentGroup(MHVG)和Novel Group of Crenarchaea(NGC);广古菌以MBG-D为主,其它序列分别属于UnclassifiedEuryarchaeotic Clusters-1/2(UEC-1/2)。
文摘对南海北部陆坡Site4B站位末次冰盛期晚期至全新世(30~120cm)长链脂肪醇分布及碳同位素组成进行讨论,结果表明,长链脂肪醇碳优势指数(CPI,10.49~24.56)、平均碳链长(ACL,28.91~29.99)以及平均碳同位素组成(–28.85±0.97‰~–32.92±1.38‰)均反映了陆源C3植物来源,代表了沉积物中陆源输入。Site4B站位末次冰盛期末至晚更新世末(65~102cm,19.343~11.636ka BP)普遍较低的陆源输入均响应了大规模的冰融水事件19ka-MWP、MWP-1A、MWP-1B(melt water pulse,MWP)和暖气候事件(B/A事件),不具冰期/间冰期旋回变化特征。在末次冰盛期晚期(102~120cm)和全新世(30~60cm,10.490~约7.104 ka BP)陆源输入的旋回变化均反映了加强/减弱的冬季风/夏季风旋回变化,其中在末次冰盛期晚期记录一次冬季风最强事件,在早全新世至9.940ka BP记录一次夏季风最强事件。通过Site4B站位末次冰盛期末至晚更新世末(19.343~约11.636 ka BP)千年尺度陆源输入分布特征和全球冰期/间冰期旋回气候变化的对比,发现不具明确的区域对比性,可能受到低纬地区局地环境的作用所致。
