Temporal variation of soil carbon stock and its controlling factors over the last two decades on the southern Song-nen Plain,Heilongjiang Province

Against the current background of global climate change, the study of variations in the soil carbon pool and its controlling factors may aid in the evaluation of soil＇s role in the mitigation or enhancement of greenhouse gas. This paper studies spatial and temporal variation in the soil carbon pool and their controlling factors in the southern Song-nen Plain in Heilongjiang Province, using soil data collected over two distinct periods by the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey in 2005-2007, and another soil survey conducted in 1982-1990. The study area is a carbon source of 1479 t/km2 and in the past 20 years, from the 1980s until 2005, the practical carbon emission from the soil was 0.12 Gt. Temperature, which has been found to be linearly correlated to soil organic carbon, is the domi- nant climatologic factor controlling soil organic carbon contents. Our study shows that in the relevant area and time period the potential loss of soil organic carbon caused by rising temperatures was 0.10 Gt, the potential soil carbon emission resulting from land-use change was 0.09 Gt, and the combined potential loss of soil carbon （0.19 Gt） caused by warming and land-use change is comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion （0.21 Gt）. Due to the time delay in soil carbon pool variation, there is still 0.07 Gt in the potential emission caused by warming and land-use change that will be gradually released in the future.

Possible Multiple Sources of the Strong 1117 Po Plain Earthquake, Inferred from the Plio-Quaternary Evolution of the Northern Adriatic Area

The strongest documented seismic disaster ever occurred in the Po Plain area (January 3, 1117, M = 6.5) involved significant damage over a large zone. The genetic mechanism of such an event, most probably caused by more than one earthquake, is still an object of debate. Above all, the sources so far proposed cannot account for significant features of the observed macroseismic field. In this work, we suggest that the damage in the Verona zone was caused by the activation of a fault in the Lessini tectonic district, while damage in the central Po Plain may be related to a thrust fault located beneath the Giudicarie belt. The effects felt in northern Tuscany might derive from the seismic activation of the presumed SW-ward buried prolongation of the Giudicarie fault. The presence of such transpressional lithospheric discontinuity in the Adriatic domain since the upper Miocene and its reactivation (Pliocene-Pleistocene) as a thrust zone is mainly suggested by an accurate analysis of the observed deformation pattern in the central Mediterranean region. The proposed Giudicarie source may also help to explain the damage observed in the central Po Plain on December 25, 1222, which is not compatible with the seismic sources so far proposed.

Connection of Farmland Consolidation Construction Works in Northern Anhui Plain:A Case Study of Si County of Anhui Province

The connection of farmland consolidation construction works was studied,to provide theoretical and practical basis for bringing into play optimal functions.It employed theoretical analysis method,case analysis method,and experience summary method.Through empirical study of Si County in Anhui Province,it further analyzed connection of four works:land consolidation,irrigation and drainage,field roads,farmland protection,and ecological and environmental protection,to provide methods and possibilities for coordination and connection of four works.It is required to take the land consolidation as a system,take full consideration of all aspects,attach great importance to connection of four works,so as to bring into full play optimal functions and realize sustainable use of land resources and sustainable development of social economy.

Erosion processes in karst landscapes of the Russian plain northern taiga,based on digital elevation modeling

This paper considers the problems of the potential development of erosion processes in the natural landscapes of northern taiga in the Russian plain. It is considered that in forest ecosystems, erosion processes are slow and are weakly reflected in the terrain. However, the situation changes radically if the vegetation cover integrity is violated, which is inevitable with the modern methods of developing northern territories. Furthermore, global changes in average annual temperatures and the occurrence of karst processes may be the reason behind the development of erosion processes. The authors suggest a method for determining territories with a varying occurrence probability of erosional processes, based on digital elevation modelling. The territory of the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve(Arkhangelsk region) was chosen as the test plot. Direct field studies were previously used to detect exogenous geological processes in this territory. The authors were the first to suggest digital elevation modelling as a method that allows determining the potential danger of erosion in karst landscapes of the northern taiga. The geomorphometric studies resulted in the determination of areas with the greatest and lowest occurrence probability of erosion processes in the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve. It was established that the most significant erosion type was linear erosion, represented by incised river valleys and karst ravines. Sheet erosion is less significant and occurs as sinkholes, local declines, and chasms over the valleys of subterranean rivers.

苏北平原区河流生态水位阈值计算方法适用性研究

针对平原区多数河流缺乏有效的流量资料的情况,研究适用于平原区河流生态水量阈值的计算方法具有重要现实意义。本文对比分析7Q10法、保证率法、湿周法、基于Tennant改进的生态水位法等4种代表性生态水量计算方法与结果,以水文节律、生态水位满足度为判别原则,评价了上述方法的适用性。分析结果显示:(1)在水文节律相应性方面,7Q10法、Q90法、湿周法计算的生态水位值为单一的特定值,无法反映水文节律的天然变化过程;(2)在生态满足度方面,7Q10法的多年平均生态水位的满足度最小;(3)基于Tennant法改进的生态水位法的水文节律模拟效果最好、生态水位满足度最高。研究表明:在选择的4种计算方法中,相较于7Q10法、Q90法及湿周法,基于Tennant法改进的生态水位法能较好地满足水文节律相应性和生态水位满足度原则,对平原区河流生态水位(阈值)计算具有一定的适用性。该研究成果可为苏北平原河网区流量资料缺乏型河流生态需水的确定和管理提供有益的参考。

乡村振兴背景下皖北平原村庄规划思路分析——以淮北市古饶社区为例

本文以淮北市宋疃镇古饶社区村庄规划为例,归纳分析皖北地区平原村庄规划编制中的普遍问题,结合国土空间规划体系的相关要求,提出科学严谨的规划思路,以保护生态环境为前提,适当兼顾中原地区文化习俗,从村庄的土地利用、基础设施、产业发展、文化保护方面做出切实可行的规划引导,打造乡村社区生活圈,并为其他平原村庄融合发展提供指导建议,推进安徽省乡村振兴及美丽乡村建设进程。

21世纪以来宋代砖雕壁画墓的研究回顾

自20世纪50年代以来,在广大的中原北方地区相继发现了大批宋代仿木建筑雕砖壁画墓。21世纪以来,随着艺术学、哲学等学科理论方法的引入,有关砖雕壁画墓的研究涌现出了大量优秀成果,呈现出深化和细化的特点,通过从砖雕壁画墓的分期、壁画题材寓意、丧葬习俗等三个角度出发,梳理国内近二十年来有关宋代砖雕壁画墓相关论著,以期助力于学界的进一步认识和研究,并为宋代砖雕壁画墓的后续探讨提供参考。

胡风汉造:从汉代漆器、玉器纹样也论“中原制造”

动物纹是北方草原文化的重要特征之一,常被用于装饰各类金属佩饰。战国至两汉时期,中原地区出现了大量动物纹金属牌饰,这些牌饰中有一部分是中原工匠制作的。实际上中原工匠对北方系动物纹的模仿并不仅局限于各类金属牌饰,本文讨论的5件汉代漆器和玉器“胡风”明显,是“中原制造说”的重要补充,也是汉匈关系变迁以及汉代贵族好胡之风的具体体现。

皖北平原城市河网水污染控制研究

针对皖北平原城市河网径流小、流速缓导致的水环境容量问题,以皖北某平原城市为例,通过建立该地区的水质水动力模型分析皖北河网的污染物质扩散规律,结合零维模型对河网水环境容量进行了核算,提出了河网水环境优化技术方案。研究显示,通过引水改善城区水环境的措施影响较小,引水流量每增加1.0 m³/s,COD、氨氮和总磷的改善效果仅提高1.5%、3.0%和2.5%;在实施源头减排措施后,水体中COD、氨氮、总磷质量浓度下降幅度均达到50%以上。

北方平原地区烟草农机农艺融合发展思考——以平顶山市烟叶产区为例

近年来我国农机装备水平显著提高,机械已成为农业生产的主力军。以规模化种植、机械化作业、集约化经营、专业化分工和信息化管理为主要特征的现代烟草农业建设水平持续提升,而烟叶生产全程机械化应用与大农业相比仍有差距,不能有效满足降劳减工的需求。针对河南省平顶山市烟叶产区烟叶种植机械发展现状及影响因素进行了分析与思考,提出了推进北方平原地区烟草农机农艺融合发展对策。

浙北平原地区森林资源动态分析及发展建议——以浙江海宁为例

以海宁市为森林资源研究对象,对浙北平原地区森林资源现状及特点进行了总结。通过对2009年与2017年两期森林资源二类调查成果数据的地类面积、林木蓄积、林种结构等6个方面进行了分析研究,探索了森林资源消长趋势,提出了保护发展森林资源的5条建议,以期望对平原林业的可持续发展提供一定的指导作用。

北宋文人对陶渊明平淡诗风的内在需求

宋诗与唐诗之不同,最明显体现于宋诗之“意”,其“意”是诗人人生哲学和生存方式在艺术世界的转换和生成,是人格之美。北宋文人在对晚唐五代诗歌传统进行重建的过程中,选择了陶诗传统,陶渊明的平淡诗风展现了这一“意”,并满足了北宋文人的内在需求:归属需求、审美需求、自我实现需求。同时,陶渊明平淡诗风哲理化为诗情,满足了北宋文人以理遣情,实现自得闲适、超脱旷达的个体需求。

松嫩平原北部全新世黑土剖面孢粉组合及其对环境演化的制约

古气候和古环境演化是研究黑土形成演化最关键的问题之一。重建古植被、古气候、古环境,预测黑土区气候环境的演变已成为黑土地研究的热点。在松嫩平原北部克山县典型黑土剖面中采集到15件孢粉样品进行孢粉学研究,并对部分相同层位土壤样品中总有机碳进行了AMS ^(14)C测年。系统分析、鉴定和研究表明,克山县黑土剖面自下而上可划分为3个孢粉组合,下部孢粉组合以Planted Poaceae-Echinate Asteraceae-Tamarix-Polypodiaceae为代表,中部孢粉组合以Tamarix-Chenopodium-Polypodiaceae-Echinate Asteraceae为代表,上部孢粉组合以Pinus-Chenopodium为代表。综合第四纪地质地貌、孢粉、AMS ^(14)C、元素地球化学分析认为,典型黑土主要形成于中全新世7500 a B.P.以来的大暖期,形成于松嫩平原温暖半湿润的气候环境,植被为以草本灌木为主的草原植被。新构造运动是控制典型黑土区自然环境演变的主要内动力,晚更新世黄土状亚粘土为克山县典型黑土的成土母质,黑土发育过程即为成土母质黑化的过程。

施用厨余有机肥对皖北小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响

为探究厨余废弃物资源化利用对皖北小麦产量和土壤理化性质的影响,本文开展为期两年的有机肥替代化肥试验,设置4个处理,即厨余有机肥替代20%化肥(COF20)、商品有机肥替代20%化肥(SOF20)、纯施化肥(UF)和不施肥(CK),在成熟期对小麦产量及土壤养分进行测定分析。结果表明,COF20和SOF20处理的小麦产量和土壤养分含量均显著高于对照组CK,但产量相较于UF处理有所下降;COF20和SOF20处理下的土壤容重均显著低于UF和CK,同时两种有机肥替代处理下的1~2 mm、0.5~1.0 mm非水稳性团聚体所占比例显著高于UF和CK;COF20和SOF20处理显著提高土壤pH,缓解土壤酸化问题;此外,COF20处理下的土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮显著高于其他处理。总体来看,厨余有机肥替代化肥能够提高土壤肥力,有助于皖北地区小麦稳产。

浙江北部平原水乡城镇群的组织机制

【目的】在中国城乡二元格局中,历史上的江南水乡城镇起着承上启下的纽带作用,激发并推动了地区发展。研究旨在厘清人地关系地域系统中城镇要素和水要素的双向作用关系,进而揭示地区城镇群组织的在地智慧。【方法】基于地图资料的梳理、归纳和分析,使用地理信息空间工具对民国时期浙江北部平原水乡城镇群的地理分布特征、河流组织逻辑和“镇-水”关系进行推演。【结果】在宏观区域尺度,将组织机制归纳总结为“中心-边缘”“聚落-河流”“城镇群-水网”3个方面的特征。【结论】在历经百年的环境变迁和演化过程中,水乡城镇不仅是地区历史文脉的物质延续,也是建成环境与自然环境双向选择和互动的物质空间载体,可在未来环境适应和动态调整的过程中发挥集群协同的地域优势。

Spatio-temporal variation prediction on Cd content in the rice grains from Northern Zhejiang Plain during 2014–2019 based on high-precision soil geochemical data

In recent years,Cadmium(Cd)pollution has been found in many soil geochemical surveys in Northern Zhejiang Plain,a crucial rice production area in East China,located in the lower Yangtze River.To more scientifically predict the effect of soil Cd on rice safety,data including 348 local rhizosphere soil-rice samples obtained in 2014 were used in this study.Meanwhile,we extracted 90% of random samples as variables based on soil Cd content(Cd_(soil)),soil organic matter(SOM),pH,and other indicators.In addition,a multivariate linear model for rice Cd content(Cd_(rice))prediction based on the indicators including the soil Cd content(Cd_(soil)),the soil organic matter(SOM),and the pH value.The remaining 10%of random samples were used for the significance test.Based on the 2014 soil Cd content(Cd_(soil14))and the 2019 soil Cd content(Cd_(soil19)),this study predicted Cd content in 2019 rice grains(Cd_(p-rice19)).The spatio-temporal variation of Cdrice was contrasted in the five years from 2014 to 2019,and the risk areas of rice safety production were analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The results indicated that compared with the actual Cd content in 2014 rice grains(Cdrice14),the proportion of Cd_(p-rice19),which exceeded the standard food level in China(GB2762-2017),increased dramatically.Moreover,the high-value areas of Cdrice distributed greatly coincidentally in these two years.By contrast,both Cdrice and Cdsoil show very different spatial scales.The dominant reason is the distribution of the local canal systems,indicating that economic activities and agricultural irrigation may aggravate the risk of soil Cd pollution,thus threatening safe rice production.

明清豫北平原民居形态特征研究

豫北平原民居地处黄河冲积平原,有着深厚的历史文化积淀和鲜明的地方特征,相比于豫北山地民居,对豫北平原民居的形态特征研究较少,因此其更具有代表性。文章以中原文化为切入点,采用现场测绘和类比分析等研究方法,探讨中原文化对明清时期豫北平原传统民居产生的影响,分析并归纳院落、建筑单体和建筑细部三个层面的民居形态特征。本文对比其他时期和地域,重点探究明清豫北平原民居在宅基地选择、院落组合形式、单体建筑、门窗细部、建筑材料等方面的地域特色,以期为本地域民居的传承、发展与保护提供参考,实现建筑形态与地域文化的融合,促进中原文脉的传承。

鲁北平原(黄河以北)土壤盐渍化环境质量及防治分区研究

【目的】研究鲁北平原(黄河以北)土壤盐渍化现状。【方法】采用二级模糊综合评判法,构造了隶属土壤环境条件、地下水环境条件和自然地理条件3个层面,盐渍土面积占比、土壤盐渍程度、土壤含盐量、包气带岩性、地下水埋深、地下水矿化度、地形地貌与蒸降比8个指标的综合评价指标体系,对鲁北平原(黄河以北)区域进行了土壤盐渍化环境质量评价研究。【结果】①将鲁北平原(黄河以北)盐渍化土壤环境质量划分为优等、良好、中等、较差和差5个等级。②其中,盐渍化土壤环境质量差区面积5277.49km^(2),盐渍化土壤环境质量较差区面积6564.76km^(2),盐渍化土壤环境质量中等区面积4383.79km^(2),良好区面积5995.52km^(2),盐渍化土壤环境质量优等区面积4919.29km^(2)。针对不同的盐渍化环境质量条件。将土壤盐渍化的防治分区划分为3个防治区8个亚区。【结论】鲁北平原(黄河以北)地区土壤盐渍化程度和空间差异较大。本研究可为改善该地区土壤管理措施提供技术支持,促进该地区农业和农村经济的健康发展。

2023年5月巴州北部平原极端低温天气成因及可预报性分析

利用常规观测、1日4次FNL1°×1°、NCEP2.5°×2.5°再分析等资料,探讨2023年5月2—7日巴州北部平原极端低温雨雪天气成因及可预报性。结果表明:(1)极端低温雨雪天气发生在高层北半球极涡呈偏心型,500 hPa乌拉尔山阻塞高压发展、深厚中亚低涡在新疆长时间维持的环流背景中,低涡持续时间和冷中心强度对天山南坡的影响在5月实属罕见。(2)较强冷空气自西北路径翻越西天山进入南疆盆地,与南疆盆地东灌冷空气在巴州北部汇合增强,降水落区位于低层暖平流中心和850 hPa锋生区域,雨转雪加剧巴州北部平原最低气温的降幅。(3)EC模式形势预报提前96 h对中亚低涡的可预报性差,72 h内能较准确刻画低涡强度、位置和移动路径,但细节存在偏差;对最低气温预报EC模式稳定、准确,具有极强参考价值;对库尔勒城区降水和雨雪相态预报,智能网格及NCEP、EC、CMA-GFS数值模式预报能力有限。

北宋河北平原土地开发与生态环境互动关系研究

北宋时期河北平原的土地开发是在与生态环境的互动中进行的。在土地开发过程中,生态环境因子与时人的农业生产实践互相交织,影响着土地开发广度的同时又在农田拓展的深度上打上了环境的烙印。在土地的地域性拓展上,除传统的太行山山前冲积扇地带外,还有黄泛区的土地利用以及北部缘边地带的屯田营建;在土地开发的深层次维度上,主要是盐渍地改良和作物种植选择。受环境等诸因素的影响,该时期河北平原土地开发表现出显著的地域性特征,整体的土地拓展状况不佳,但在土地的改良与作物的种植上,体现出了鲜明的科学性和合理性。通过探讨河北平原土地开发与环境的良性互动,可以揭示出北宋时期二者之间的互动机制。