Metastatic lymph nodes and prognosis assessed by the number of retrieved lymph nodes in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of quantitative assessments of the number of retrieved lymph nodes(RLNs)in gastric cancer(GC)patients needs further study.AIM To discuss how to obtain a more accurate count of metastatic lymph nodes(MLNs)based on RLNs in different pT stages and then to evaluate patient prognosis.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent GC radical surgery and D2/D2+LN dissection at the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2011 to May 2017.Locally weighted smoothing was used to analyze the relationship between RLNs and the number of MLNs.Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between RLNs and hazard ratios(HRs),and X-tile was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for RLNs.Patient survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.Finally,HRs and 95%confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models to analyze independent risk factors associated with patient outcomes.RESULTS A total of 4968 patients were included in the training cohort,and 11154 patients were included in the validation cohort.The smooth curve showed that the number of MLNs increased with an increasing number of RLNs,and a nonlinear relationship between RLNs and HRs was observed.X-tile analysis showed that the optimal number of RLNs for pT1-pT4 stage GC patients was 26,31,39,and 45,respectively.A greater number of RLNs can reduce the risk of death in patients with pT1,pT2,and pT4 stage cancers but may not reduce the risk of death in patients with pT3 stage cancer.Multivariate analysis showed that RLNs were an independent risk factor associated with the prognosis of patients with pT1-pT4 stage cancer(P=0.044,P=0.037,P=0.003,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A greater number of RLNs may not benefit the survival of patients with pT3 stage disease but can benefit the survival of patients with pT1,pT2,and pT4 stage disease.For the pT1,pT2,and pT4 stages,it is recommended to retrieve 26,31 and 45 LNs,respectively.

Effect of the number of positive lymph nodes and lymph node ratio on prognosis of patients after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND： The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio （LNR）] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy are poorly defined. METHODS： A total of 167 patients who had undergone resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from February 2010 to August 2011 were included in this study. Histological examination was performed to evaluate the tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to determine the relationship between the variables related to nodal involvement and the number of nodes and survival. RESULTS： The median number of total nodes examined was 10 （range 0-44） for the entire cohort. The median number of total nodes examined in node-negative （pN0） patients was similar to that in node-positive （pN1） patients. Patients with pN1 diseases had significantly worse survival than those with pN0 ones （P=0.000）. Patients with three or more positive nodes had a poorer prognosis compared with those with the negative nodes （P=0.000）. The prognosis of the patients with negative nodes was similar to that of those with one to two positive nodes （P=0.114）. The median survival of patients with an LNR ≥0.4 was shorter than that of patients with an LNR 〈0.4 in the pN1 cohort （P=0.014）. No significance was found between the number of total nodes examined and the prognosis, regardless of the cutoff of 10 or 12 and in the entire cohort or the pN0 and pN1 groups. Based on the multivariate analysis of the entire cohort and the pN1 group, the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR were all associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS： In addition to the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR can serve as comprehensive factors for the evaluation of nodal involvement. This approach may be more effective for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy.

Comparison of lymph node number and prognosis in gastric cancer patients with perigastric lymph nodes retrieved by surgeons and pathologists

Objective： To compare the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes and prognosis in gastric cancer patients whose perigastric lymph node retrieval was performed by surgeons and pathologists. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and follow-up data from 1,056 patients who underwent gastric cancer D2 radical lymph node resection between January 2008 and December 2010 in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital. The follow-up ended in December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to the specialty of physicians who performed the postoperative perigastric lymph node retrieval： the surgeon group （475 cases） and the pathologist group （581 cases）. The numbers of positive and total perigastric lymph nodes and the 3- and 5-year survival were compared between gastric cancer patients in the two groups overall and stratified by TNM stage （AJCC 7th Edition）. Results： Overall, the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes were significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group （6.53±4.07 vs. 4.09±3.70, P=0.021; 29.64±11.50 vs. 20.71±8.56, P〈0.001）. Further analysis showed that the total number of lymph nodes in stage Ⅰ patients （19.40±9.62 vs. 15.45±8.59, P=0.011） and the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes in stage Ⅱ（1.38±1.08 vs. 0.87±1.55, P=0.031; 25.35±10.80 vs. 16.75±8.56, P〈0.001） and stage Ⅲ patients （8.11±6.91 vs. 6.66±5.12, P=0.026; 32.34±12.55 vs. 25.45±8.31, P〈0.001） were significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group. The survival analysis showed that the 3- and 5-year survival of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients was significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group （82.0% vs. 73.1%, 69.5% vs. 61.2%, P=0.038; 49.2% vs. 38.9%, 36.3% vs. 28.0%; P=0.045）. Conclusions： Compared with retrieval performed by pathologists, postoperative perigastrie lymph node retrieval performed by surgeons was associated with significant increase in the total lymph node number of stage Ⅰ patients, the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes of stageⅡ and Ⅲ patients, and the survival of stageⅡ and stage Ⅱ gastric cancer patients.

The number of tumor-free axillary lymph nodes removed as a prognostic parameter for node-negative breast cancer

Recently, there has been controversy about the relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed and survival of patients diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer. To assess this relationship, 603 cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer with a median of 126 months of follow-up data were studied. Patients were stratified into two groups(Group A, 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed; Group B, more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed). The number of tumor-free lymph nodes in ipsilateral axillary resections as well as 5 other disease parameters were analyzed for prognostic value. Our results revealed that the risk of death from breast cancer was significantly associated with patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed was 88.0% and 66.4%, respectively, compared with 69.2% and 51.1%, respectively, for patients with more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed. For patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed, the adjusted hazard ratio(HR) for risk of death from breast cancer was 0.579(95% confidence interval, 0.492-0.687, P < 0.001), independent of patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. Our study suggests that the number of tumor-free lymph nodes removed is an independent predictor in cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer.

Prognostic significance of the number of pelvic lymph nodes removed in patients with early cervical cancer

Objective The aim of this research was to study the prognostic significance of the number of pelvic lymph nodes removed in patients with early cervical cancer.Methods We searched the Pub Med database using the terms "cervical cancer" and "lymph nodes" or "lymphadenectomy". Studies on the association between number of lymph nodes removed and prognosis or survival were identified. We retrospectively studied the relevant research.Results Ten retrospective studies were included. Two studies indicated that the number of lymph nodes had no association with prognosis whereas three studies found a positive relationship. Five studies indicated some factors that could influence the relationship between number of lymph nodes and prognosis.Conclusion The number of lymph nodes removed may positively influence the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Some factors may influence the relationship between the extent of lymph nodes removed and patient prognosis. Additional multicenter, prospective studies with large samples are required to confirm the study findings.

Relationship between celiac artery variation and number of lymph nodes dissection in gastric cancer surgery

BACKGROUND Radical D2 lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer as a standard procedure has gained global consensus. Mounting studies have shown that the number of lymph nodes dissection directly affects the prognosis and recurrence of gastric cancer. Our previous study showed that there was no obvious lymph node around the abnormal hepatic artery derived from the superior mesenteric artery. AIM To investigate the relationship between celiac artery variation and the number of lymph nodes dissection in gastric cancer surgery. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 421 patients treated with radical D2 lymphadenectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of the number of lymph nodes dissection between the celiac artery variation group and the normal vessels group and the relationship with prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS Celiac artery variation was found in 110 patients, with a variation rate of 26.13%. Celiac artery variation, tumor staging, and Borrmann typing were factors that affected lymph node clearance in gastric cancer, and the number of lymph nodes dissection in patients with celiac artery variation was significantly less than that of non-variant groups (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in survival time between the two groups (P > 0.05). Univariate and multiple Cox regression analysis showed that celiac artery variation was not a prognostic factor for gastric cancer (P > 0.05). Tumor staging, intraoperative bleeding, and positive lymph node ratio were prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The number of lymph nodes dissection in patients with celiac artery variation was reduced, but there was no obvious effect on prognosis. Therefore, lymph nodes around the abnormal hepatic artery may not need to be dissected in radical D2 lymphadenectomy.

Impact factors of lymph node retrieval on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer with neoadjuvant therapy

BACKGROUND Conventional clinical guidelines recommend that at least 12 lymph nodes shouldbe removed during radical rectal cancer surgery to achieve accurate staging.Thecurrent application of neoadjuvant therapy has changed the number of lymphnode dissection.AIM To investigate factors affecting the number of lymph nodes dissected afterneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer and to evaluatethe relationship of the total number of retrieved lymph nodes(TLN)with diseasefreesurvival(DFS)and overall survival(OS).METHODS A total of 231 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer from 2015 to 2017 wereincluded in this study.According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)classification system and the NCCN guidelines for rectal cancer,thepatients were divided into two groups:group A(TLN≥12,n=177)and group B(TLN<12,n=54).Factors influencing lymph node retrieval were analyzed byunivariate and binary logistic regression analysis.DFS and OS were evaluated byKaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models.RESULTS The median number of lymph nodes dissected was 18(range,12-45)in group A and 8(range,2-11)in group B.The lymph node ratio(number of positive lymphnodes/total number of lymph nodes)(P=0.039)and the interval betweenneoadjuvant therapy and radical surgery(P=0.002)were independent factors ofthe TLN.However,TLN was not associated with sex,age,ASA score,clinical T orN stage,pathological T stage,tumor response grade(Dworak),downstaging,pathological complete response,radiotherapy dose,preoperative concurrentchemotherapy regimen,tumor distance from anal verge,multivisceral resection,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level,perineural invasion,intravasculartumor embolus or degree of differentiation.The pathological T stage(P<0.001)and TLN(P<0.001)were independent factors of DFS,and pathological T stage(P=0.011)and perineural invasion(P=0.002)were independent factors of OS.Inaddition,the risk of distant recurrence was greater for TLN<12(P=0.009).CONCLUSION A shorter interval to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectalcancer under indications may cause increased number of lymph nodes harvested.Tumor shrinkage and more extensive lymph node retrieval may lead to a morefavorable prognosis.

Prognostic importance of lymph node yield after curative resection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of lymph nodes(LNs)metastases and the optimum number of LN yield in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours(GEP NETs)undergoing curative resection is still debatable.Many studies have demonstrated that cure rate for patients with GEP NETs can be improved by the resection of the primary tumour and regional lymphadenectomy AIM To evaluate the effect of lymph node(LN)status and yield on relapse-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with resected GEP NETs.METHODS Data on patients who underwent curative resection for GEP NETs between January 2002 and March 2017 were analysed retrospectively.Grade 3 tumours(Ki67>20%)were excluded.Univariate Cox proportional hazard models were computed for RFS and OS and assessed alongside cut-point analysis to distinguish a suitable binary categorisation of total LNs retrieved associated with RFS.RESULTS A total of 217 patients were included in the study.The median age was 59 years(21-97 years)and 51%(n=111)were male.Primary tumour sites were small bowel(42%),pancreas(25%),appendix(18%),rectum(7%),colon(3%),gastric(2%),others(2%).Median follow up times for all patients were 41 mo(95%CI:36-51)and 71 mo(95%CI:63–76)for RFS and OS respectively;50 relapses and 35 deaths were reported.LNs were retrieved in 151 patients.Eight or more LNs were harvested in 106 patients and LN positivity reported in 114 patients.Three or more positive LNs were detected in 62 cases.The result of univariate analysis suggested perineural invasion(P=0.0023),LN positivity(P=0.033),LN retrieval of≥8(P=0.047)and localisation(P=0.0049)have a statistically significant association with shorter RFS,but there was no effect of LN ratio on RFS:P=0.1 or OS:P=0.75.Tumour necrosis(P=0.021)and perineural invasion(P=0.016)were the only two variables significantly associated with worse OS.In the final multivariable analysis,localisation(pancreas HR=27.33,P=0.006,small bowel HR=32.44,P=0.005),and retrieval of≥8 LNs(HR=2.7,P=0.036)were independent prognostic factors for worse RFS.CONCLUSION An outcome-oriented approach to cut-point analysis can suggest a minimum number of adequate LNs to be harvested in patients with GEP NETs undergoing curative surgery.Removal of≥8 LNs is associated with increased risk of relapse,which could be due to high rates of LN positivity at the time of surgery.Given that localisation had a significant association with RFS,a prospective multicentre study is warranted with a clear direction on recommended surgical practice and follow-up guidance for GEP NETs.

The value of the lymph node ratio and total number of lymph nodes examined for resected pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma:a retrospective cohort study

Background:Pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)is an exceedingly rare histological subtype of pancreatic cancer.Previous studies have focused on the trends of incidence and independent predictors of pancreatic SRCC.Our objectives of the study were to analyze the prognostic value of the lymph node ratio(LNR)and to explore the minimal number of lymph nodes examined to accurately evaluate the N stage in resected pancreatic SRCC.Method:We analyzed 120 patients diagnosed from January 1,1990,to December 31,2016,constituted the study cohort from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)registry.We calculated the overall survival(OS)of these patients by using a Kaplan–Meier analysis.The Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the influence of various factors on the prognosis of patients in the univariate analysis.The multivariate Cox analysis were applied to find independent prognostic factors of patients with pancreatic SRCC.Receiver-operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis to investigate the discriminatory ability of the total number of lymph nodes examined(TNLE)relative to whether lymph node metastasis was present.Results:The median number of lymph nodes examined among 120 patients with resected pancreatic SRCC was 14(interquartile range:6.25–20.0).According to the univariate analysis of OS,age,grade,chemotherapy,LNR,and TNLE were significantly different(P<.05).We demonstrated the prognostic benefit of chemotherapy in resected pancreatic SRCC,whereas radiotherapy was not associated with improved survival.The multivariate survival analysis showed that LNR and grade were independent prognostic indicators after pancreatic SRCC resection for OS.TNLE≥8 showed the highest discriminatory power for evaluating lymph node metastasis(Area under curve(AUC):0.656,95%confidence interval:0.564–0.741,Youden index:0.2533,sensitivity:78.67%,specificity:46.67%,P=.003).Conclusion:Our study indicated that the LNR was a valuable independent prognostic factor for resected pancreatic SRCC.Regional lymphadenectomy of at least 8 lymph nodes was necessary to accurately stage patients.An adequate number of lymph nodes examined are necessary for clinicians to accurately predict the significance of the LNR in resected pancreatic SRCC.

阴性淋巴结数对浸润性乳腺癌预后的评估价值

目的分析阴性淋巴结数对浸润性乳腺癌(IBC)患者预后的评估价值。方法回顾性分析84例IBC患者的病历有关资料,统计其阴性淋巴结检出数目,分析淋巴结数目与IBC患者临床病理特征以及预后的关系。结果84例IBC患者,共检出648枚阴性淋巴结,人均检出7.7枚;将人均检出的7.7枚阴性淋巴结取整数后,以阴性淋巴结检出数目8枚作为界值,把所有患者划分为2组,其中阴性淋巴结≥8枚组共38例,阴性淋巴结<8枚组共46例。2组的年龄、BMI、疾病类型相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而阴性淋巴结≥8枚组中TNM为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、辅助化疗患者占比分别为78.95%(30/38)、68.42%(26/38),高于阴性淋巴结<8枚组的34.78%(16/46)、28.26%(13/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴性淋巴结≥8枚组的1年生存率为92.11%(35/38),高于阴性淋巴结<8枚组的73.91%(34/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阴性淋巴结检出数与IBC患者的预后密切相关,阴性淋巴结检出数少,则患者预后差,临床需予以高度关注。

分化型甲状腺癌手术中应用纳米碳混悬注射液的效果分析

目的分析分化型甲状腺癌患者手术中应用纳米碳混悬注射液的治疗效果。方法回顾性收集2021年1月至2023年12月河北省承德市中心医院收治的92例行甲状腺全切+单侧中央区淋巴清扫术患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为纳米碳组(纳米碳混悬注射液治疗,n=46)和对照组(常规手术治疗,n=46),比较两组治疗效果。结果纳米碳组的颈部淋巴结清扫个数(6.37±4.44)多于对照组(t=3.919,P<0.001),颈部淋巴结转移的检出率(56.5%)高于对照组(χ^(2)=10.172,P=0.001),甲状旁腺误切率(6.5%)低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.389,P=0.036)。纳米碳组术后7 d内低钙症状发生率(8.7%)低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.842,P=0.028),且术后7 d内总的相关并发症发生率(13.0%)低于对照组(χ^(2)=5.974,P=0.015)。结论分化型甲状腺癌患者手术中应用纳米碳混悬注射液,能够提高颈部淋巴结转移的检出率,增加颈部淋巴结清扫个数以及降低甲状旁腺的误切率,还可以降低患者术后7 d内相关并发症的发生率,并对降低患者术后7 d内低钙症状的发生率有显著影响。

甲状腺乳头状癌预防性中央区淋巴结清扫获得淋巴结数目的影响因素

目的探讨影响甲状腺乳头状癌行单侧腺叶及峡部切除联合预防性同侧中央区淋巴结清扫术获得淋巴结数目的因素,分析变化规律,以期为临床治疗甲状腺乳头状癌提供重要依据。方法回顾性分析锦州医科大学附属第一医院甲状腺外科于2019年1月至2022年1月因甲状腺乳头状癌收治入院并行单侧腺叶及峡部切除联合预防性同侧中央区淋巴结清扫术的患者193例的临床和病理资料,将病理所获得淋巴结数目分为高获得淋巴结数目组(n>6枚)和低获得淋巴结数目组(n≤6枚),采用单因素分析和多因素分析的方法找出影响高获得淋巴结数目的影响因素,通过相关分析判断获得淋巴结数目对中央区淋巴结转移的影响,此外,通过术后并发症分析获得淋巴结数目对患者生存质量的影响。结果获得淋巴结数目与中央区淋巴结转移数目(r=0.240,P<0.05)和淋巴结转移率(r=0.161,P<0.05)分别呈线性正相关,控制转移淋巴结数目不变,淋巴结转移率随获得淋巴结数的上升而降低(r=-0.444,P<0.05)。两组获得淋巴结数目单因素分析比较,性别、年龄、手术时长、BMI、肿瘤最大直径、多灶性、桥本甲状腺炎、病灶位置、被膜侵犯、对侧甲状腺结节、甲状旁腺移植、BRAF基因V600E突变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),应用纳米碳在两组比较中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),logistic二元回归分析结果显示合并桥本氏甲状腺炎和应用纳米碳是高获得淋巴结数目的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析提示应用纳米碳所占曲线下面积为0.658(95%CI:0.580~0.735,P<0.05),桥本甲状腺炎所占曲线下面积为0.584(95%CI:0.504~0.665,P<0.05)。此外,术后患者声带麻痹和淋巴漏的发生在高、低获得淋巴结数目组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论控制中央区淋巴结转移数目不变,获得淋巴结数目越多,淋巴结转移率越低,应用纳米碳及患者合并桥本甲状腺炎可提高获得淋巴结数目,高、低获得淋巴结数目在术后并发症的发生率方面无明显差别。

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗结肠癌的疗效及对胃肠道功能的影响分析

目的探讨在结肠癌的治疗中采用腹腔镜手术的临床效果及对患者胃肠道功能的影响。方法选取58例结肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分成对照组和研究组,每组29例。对照组采用传统开放手术治疗,研究组采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗。对比两组围手术期相关指标、淋巴结清扫数量、血清炎性指标、血清应激指标及并发症发生率。结果研究组术中出血量(87.63±6.24)ml、术后引流量(24.32±2.05)ml较对照组的(122.25±9.52)、(30.23±2.63)ml少,手术时间(136.15±7.16)min、术后排气时间(3.14±0.26)d、肠鸣音恢复时间(2.34±0.43)d、恢复饮食时间(68.74±4.23)h、住院时间(10.42±1.16)d均较对照组的(141.05±8.75)min、(4.25±0.55)d、(3.58±0.75)d、(87.36±5.52)h、(15.27±1.44)d短(P<0.05)。两组肿瘤分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期淋巴结清扫数量无显著差异(P>0.05);研究组肿瘤分期Ⅲ期淋巴结清扫数量、阳性淋巴结清扫数量、左半结肠淋巴结清扫数量、右半结肠淋巴结清扫数量分别为(25.11±2.02)、(21.06±2.14)、(18.87±1.42)、(24.23±2.14)个,均多于对照组的(17.58±1.36)、(12.25±1.23)、(16.25±1.26)、(18.54±1.52)个(P<0.05)。术后,对照组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)为(28.85±2.12)pg/ml,C反应蛋白(CRP)为(12.36±1.42)mg/L;研究组IL-6为(17.96±1.63)pg/ml,CRP为(8.64±1.15)mg/L,研究组IL-6、CRP较对照组低(P<0.05)。术后,对照组肾上腺素为(99.87±7.58)pg/ml,去甲肾上腺素为(176.52±9.36)pg/ml,皮质醇为(24.63±2.14)pg/ml;研究组肾上腺素为(64.25±4.31)pg/ml,去甲肾上腺素为(87.56±5.15)pg/ml,皮质醇为(13.54±1.63)pg/ml,两组较术前均有所升高,而研究组肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇均较对照组低(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率(6.90%)较对照组(31.03%)低(P<0.05)。结论在结肠癌治疗中采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗可提高淋巴结清扫数量,缩短术后胃肠功能的恢复时间,改善血清炎性指标水平,减少应激反应,术后并发症发生率较低,有利于术后机体的康复,建议临床广泛应用。

Non-surgical factors influencing lymph node yield in colon cancer

There are numerous factors which can affect the lymph node(LN) yield in colon cancer specimens.The aim of this paper was to identify both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that have been demonstrated toaffect colonic resection specimen LN yield and to summarise the pertinent literature on these topics.A literature review of Pub Med was performed to identify the potential factors which may influence the LN yield in colon cancer resection specimens.The terms used for the search were:LN,lymphadenectomy,LN yield,LN harvest,LN number,colon cancer and colorectal cancer.Both nonmodifiable and modifiable factors were identified.The review identified fifteen non-surgical factors:(13 nonmodifiable,2 modifiable) which may influence LN yield.LN yield is frequently reduced in older,obese patients and those with male sex and increased in patients with right sided,large,and poorly differentiated tumours.Patient ethnicity and lower socioeconomic class may negatively influence LN yield.Pre-operative tumour tattooing appears to increase LN yield.There are many factors that potentially influence the LN yield,although the strength of the association between the two varies greatly.Perfecting oncological resection and pathological analysis remain the cornerstones to achieving good quality and quantity LN yields in patients with colon cancer.

盆腔淋巴结转移数量对可手术宫颈鳞癌患者(Ⅰ_(b1)-Ⅱ_(a2)期)预后的预测价值

目的:验证和评估盆腔淋巴结转移数量(number of pelvic lymph node metastasis,nLNM)在可手术宫颈鳞癌患者(Ⅰ_(b1)-Ⅱ_(a2)期)中的预后预测价值。方法:从我院电子数据库中检索2010年01月01日至2017年12月31日收治的符合纳入和排除标准的可手术宫颈鳞癌(Ⅰ_(b1)-Ⅱ_(a2)期)患者,对最终纳入患者的临床病理特征、治疗方案及预后等信息进行分析。结果:本研究共纳入108例患者,其中nLNM≤2个(N1组)患者共计67例(62.04%),nLNM>2个(N2组)患者共计41例(37.96%)。N1和N2组患者在宫颈间质浸润深度(depth of cervical stromal invasion,DSI)、原发肿瘤大小、2009 FIGO分期等存在明显差异(P<0.05),0x09全组患者的5年总体生存(overall survival,OS)为71.3%,其中淋巴血管间隙侵犯(lymphovascular space invasion,LVSI)阴性和阳性患者的5年OS分别为:82.6%vs 62.9%;宫颈肿瘤浸润深度≤1/2和>1/2患者的5年OS分别为:80.9%vs 63.9%;原始肿瘤大小≤4 cm和>4 cm患者的5年OS分别为:81.3%vs 63.3%;N1与N2组患者的5年OS分别为:80.6%vs 56.1%,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在单因素分析中,LVSI、肿瘤大小、nLNM、2009 FIGO分期为宫颈鳞癌患者5年OS的预后影响因素;进一步的多因素分析结果显示:nLNM仍是宫颈鳞癌患者5年OS的独立预后影响因素,其中调整后的危险比为2.455(95%CI:1.191~5.059)。结论:在可手术宫颈鳞癌患者中,nLNM是一个更好的预后预测指标,可能在宫颈癌FIGO2018分期系统中起着更加重要的作用。

宫颈癌根治术后发生膀胱麻痹的影响因素

目的探讨宫颈癌根治术后患者发生膀胱麻痹的影响因素。方法选取2020年3月至2022年7月在江西省肿瘤医院行根治性手术治疗的86例宫颈癌患者为研究对象,分析宫颈癌根治术后患者发生膀胱麻痹的影响因素。结果86例患者中宫颈癌根治术后出现膀胱麻痹30例(34.88%),未出现膀胱麻痹56例(65.12%)。单因素分析显示,淋巴结切除数目、手术途径、宫旁组织切除宽度、阴道断端长度、导尿管留置时间、手术范围与宫颈癌根治术后患者发生膀胱麻痹有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄、临床分期、病理类型、术前放化疗、术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间与宫颈癌根治术后患者发生膀胱麻痹无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,淋巴结切除数目≥10个(OR=2.692,95%CI:1.051~6.899)、宫旁组织切除宽度≥3cm(OR=5.000,95%CI:1.924~12.996)、阴道断端长度≥3cm(OR=4.325,95%CI:1.669~11.207)、导尿管留置时间≥5d(OR=3.574,95%CI:1.405~9.090)、广泛子宫切除(OR=3.067,95%CI:1.127~8.341)是宫颈癌根治术后患者发生膀胱麻痹的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌根治术后患者易发生膀胱麻痹,其发生与淋巴结切除数目、宫旁组织切除宽度、阴道断端长度、导尿管留置时间、手术范围有关。

腹腔镜根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术在胰体尾癌治疗中的初步经验(附5例报告)

目的总结腹腔镜根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术(L-RAMPS)在胰体尾癌治疗中的初步经验。方法收集2021年4月至2022年6月5例术前诊断为胰体尾癌行L-RAMPS患者的临床相关资料,统计手术相关数据、术后并发症及病理情况。结果5例患者均在完全腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无住院期间或术后30 d死亡病例。平均手术时间(172.23±25.68)min,平均标本切除时间(148.15±21.46)min,平均术中出血量(131.54±82.79)mL。术后平均下床活动时间(2.14±0.32)d,平均排气时间(2.79±0.17)d,平均进食时间(3.57±0.61)d,平均住院时间(13.71±4.35)d,平均肿瘤最大径(3.87±2.13)cm。术后2例发生胰瘘,胃排空障碍1例,经保守治疗痊愈。病理示:胰腺导管腺癌4例(其中高分化1例,低分化3例),胰腺神经内分泌癌1例;T2期4例,T1期1例;TNM分期(AJCC,8版)ⅠB期3例,ⅡA期1例,ⅡB期1例;平均淋巴结清扫数目(15.31±1.16)枚,淋巴结阳性2例,阳性率为40%。5例患者均获得R0切除,无再次手术病例。结论L-RAMPS技术要求高,手术难度大,治疗胰体尾癌安全可行,可提高胰体尾癌患者淋巴结清扫数量和R0切除率,值得临床推广。

3D腔镜甲状腺全切术治疗分化型甲状腺癌的效果及对外周血循环肿瘤细胞、肿瘤标志物的影响

目的探究3D腔镜甲状腺全切术(TET)在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月于新乡市中心医院头颈乳腺外科治疗的60例DTC患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组行3D TET治疗,对照组行常规2D腔镜TET治疗。比较两组患者的手术情况及术后恢复指标、并发症、手术前后循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)水平和肿瘤标志物[甲状腺球蛋白(TG)、降钙素(CTN)、半乳糖血凝素-3(GAL-3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]水平。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术中及术后出血量均较对照组短(少),淋巴结清扫数量较对照组多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 d,两组患者的CTC水平较术前升高,且观察组为(27.12±5.84)×10个/mL,明显低于对照组的(32.17±6.49)×10个/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前及术后1个月、3个月,两组患者的血清TG、CTN、GAL-3、CEA较术前持续下降,术后1个月,观察组患者的血清TG、CTN、GAL-3、CEA水平分别为(92.86±11.29)μg/L、(11.35±2.46)ng/L、(4.61±1.08)ng/mL、(19.87±3.05)μg/L,明显低于对照组的(99.32±12.78)μg/L、(12.61±2.37)ng/L、(5.33±1.53)ng/mL、(21.46±2.96)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为16.67%,略低于对照组的33.33%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论3D TET是DTC安全可靠的治疗方式,可优化手术操作,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,提高淋巴结清扫范围,减缓CTC分泌。

PTC术中提示1~2枚中央区淋巴结转移选择不同手术方式的获益分析

目的:探讨适用于术中1~2枚中央区淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的手术方式。方法:收集2013年1月至2018年12月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院乳腺甲状腺外科行初次手术的术中1~2枚中央区淋巴结转移的PTC患者290例,并分析其临床病理学特征。结果:甲状腺腺叶切除术(hemithyroidectomy,HT)组的手术并发症发生率显著低于甲状腺全切除术(total thyroidectomy,TT)组(P<0.001)。手术方式不影响结构持续性/复发性疾病的发生(HR=2.848,95%CI=0.321~25.294,P=0.348)。淋巴结总转移数>5枚的独立危险因素为肿瘤直径>14.5 mm(OR=5.838,95%CI=2.295~14.850,P<0.001)、肿瘤位于上份(OR=2.765,95%CI=1.154~6.624,P=0.023)、Ⅲ区淋巴结有转移(OR=17.310,95%CI=7.053~42.481,P>0.001)。结论:目前结果支持术中提示1~2枚中央区淋巴结转移的PTC患者的首选手术方式为甲状腺腺叶切除术。若肿瘤位于上份且直径>14.5 mm,建议行预防性的同侧Ⅲ区颈淋巴结清扫。

大肠癌淋巴结转移规律的临床研究

目的 :探讨大肠癌区域淋巴结转移规律及术中判断淋巴结是否转移的准确性。方法 :对 170例可根治性大肠癌的手术标本常规病理切片诊断 ,分析淋巴结转移情况。结果 :大肠癌淋巴结阳性率、转移度与患者性别、年龄和肿瘤大小无明显关系 ,而与肿瘤部位、浸润深度有关 ,直肠癌或肿瘤浸润至肠壁外时 ,其淋巴结阳性率和淋巴结转移度显著高于结肠癌或肿瘤局限于肠壁内者 (P <0 0 5 ) ,淋巴结转移度和肿瘤细胞分化程度有关。 86例术中探及淋巴结肿大 ,84例未及肿大 ,术后证实分别有 5 6例和 46例淋巴结转移阳性。结论 :大肠癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤部位、浸润深度及分化程度有关 ,术中判断淋巴结是否转移并不准确 ,应常规作区域淋巴结清扫。