Beliefs and practices of young women on utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV services in Malawi

This study explored beliefs and actual practices of young women on utilization of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Balaka district of Southern Malawi. The study design wascross sectional which utilized qualitative data collection and analysis methods. In-depth interviews were conducted on 12 young mothers of 15 to 24 years old. The respondents were drawn from 6 health centres in the district during their visits to either the under-five clinic, HIV and AIDS support groups or HIV follow up clinics. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Overall the respondents had positive beliefs on utilization of PMTCT services. They believed that adherence to PMTCT guidelines such as condom use, taking of Nevirapine (NVP) and exclusive breastfeeding protected the baby from contracting the virus. Nevertheless, all respondents believed that HIV testing was mandatory and that early weaning caused malnutrition and death of babies. Actual practice was very low. Very few young mothers breastfed exclusively, weaned their babies abruptly and took NVP as recommended. Not all positive beliefs translated into positive behavior. Lack of male support, inability of the midwives to provide comprehensive care to HIV infected mothers and their infants, and fear of stigma and discrimination were other factors that hindered utilization of PMTCT services. Culture was also a major barrier because traditionally babies are expected to be breastfed and supplements are fed to babies too. Therefore, there is a need to mobilize communities on PMTCT of HIV. Education programmes in HIV should emphasize behavior change interventions and should focus on both men and women and significant others. There is also need to intensify monitoring and evaluation of health workers’ activities to ensure that beliefs translate into positive behavior.

Efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to children HIV-1 transmission at Saint Camille medical centre in Burkina Faso,West Africa

Objective:To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical Centre from September 2010 to July 2011.The HIV status of mothers was determined by rapid tests and EUSA.Discordant results were confirmed by real-time PCR.PCR was used to determine HIV status of children born from HIV-positive mothers.Results:Among 1 300 pregnant women tested for HIV,378 were seropositive.Mothers were predominantly housewives(69.7%),and their mean age was(28.32±0.15) years.The overall prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child was 4.8%(18/378).This prevalence differed significantly from 0.0%(0/114) to 6.8%(18/264) in children born from mothers under HAART and those with mothers under New Prophylactic Protocol(ACT + 3TC + NVP),respectively(P【 0.01).Children’s mortality rate during the medical follow up was 1.3%(5/378).Among 16 women with HIV dubious status by ELISA,the Real Time PCR confirmed 2/16(12.5%) as HIV positive. Conclusions:The protocol of prevention of mother to children HIV transmission(PMTCT) is effective.The rate of HIV vertical transmission is significantly reduced.Early diagnosis determined by PCR of children born from HIV- positive mother is necessary and recommended in the context of PMTCT in Burkina Faso.We also found that PCR is an effective tool to confirm HIV status in pregnant women.

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with SARS-COV-2 Infection

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 in Wuhan Children's Hospital and further suggested a possible management strategy for infected pregnant women under epidemic situation.In this study,8 pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 who were admitted into Wuhan Children's Hospital,China from February 1,2020 to March 30,2020 and the clinical features,laboratory data,maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.The mean age of the women at the time of admission was 30.6 years.The mean gestational age of the women was 37 weeks±4 days,and one woman presented with dichorionic diamniotic(DCDA)twin pregnancy.Except for one woman who was febrile,others had no typical clinical symptoms.For all pregnant women,the count of white blood cells and lymphocytes appeared normal,but 6 had a lower percentage of lymphocytes.C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were normal for all the women.One neonate was tested positive for the coronavirus IgG and IgM antibodies.The clinical symptoms of the pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 were mild,and the laboratory data showed similar characteristics to those of non-infected pregnant women.Since one neonate was tested positive for coronavirus,there is a possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Prompt and efficient screening,triage,and isolation of pregnant women are ffective management strategies to reduce nosocomial infection during the SARS-COV-2 epidemic.

Research Progress of Related Laboratory Testing Indexes before and after Mother-Infant Blocking in HIV/AIDS Pregnant Women

More than 90% of HIV-positive children come from mother-to-child transmission, so mother-to-child interdiction is the main measure to prevent AIDS in children. Relevant data show that the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV usually fluctuates between 15% and 50% without intervention. Standardized and effective comprehensive intervention can reduce the transmission rate of mother to child to less than 1%. At present, it is believed that mother-to-child transmission of AIDS can be blocked by comprehensive intervention, and its mechanism has been clearly studied. Combined with highly effective antiviral treatment, safe labor and artificial feeding, the mother to child transmission rate can be reduced to less than 1%. However, due to the effect of drugs on mother-to-child transmission of AIDS may lead to some changes in the main biochemical indicators of mother-to-child, there is no systematic analysis of the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-to-child transmission. In this study, the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-infant blockade were dynamically analyzed. It is hoped that this study will help to observe the basic physical fitness and disease development of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS during pregnancy, to provide a strong basis for the treatment and evaluation of maternal-infant blockade of HIV/AIDS pregnant women, and to establish a complete set of laboratory indicators to understand the body status of pregnant women at all stages to minimize the probability of fetal transmission, which will make good economic and social benefits.

Assessment of Child Labour Practices among Market Women and Food Sellers in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State,Nigeria

The study examined the forms of child labour practices common among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government area of Osun State.It also determined the awareness level of market women and food sellers on the existing child labour law in Nigeria and finally examined factors contributing to child labour practices among market women and food sellers.The study employed the descriptive research of the survey type.The study population consisted of market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government in Osun State.The sample consisted of 170 market women and 80 food sellers in conveniently selected five markets in the study area.The researchers developed three research instruments for this study,namely:Knowledge of Child Labour Questionnaire(KCLQ),Forms of Child Labour Practices Questionnaire(FCLPQ),and Factors Contributing to Child Labour Questionnaire(FCCLQ).The three instruments were validated by the investigators,using Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.79,0.77,and 0.78 values for KCLQ,FCLPQ,and FCCLQ respectively.Data collected were analyzed by using simple percentage and Relative Importance Index.The results among others showed that domesticlabour ranked the first significantly influential forms of child labour practiced among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State with RII analysis of 0.810 and 0.850 respectively.The study therefore concluded that majority of the respondents have low awareness level on the existing child labour law hence government should intensify the creation of awareness of the child labour law among market women and food sellers in Ife Central local government,Osun State.

Patient-Reported Factors Facilitating Participation in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Kara, Togo, West Africa

Background: Despite efforts to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in resource-limited settings, only 53% of women in sub-Saharan Africa receive adequate PMTCT services. Understanding factors that enable successful program completion are crucial to improving adherence rates to PMTCT programs in these settings. Using a positive deviance approach, we explored patient and provider’s perspectives on factors enabling women to successfully access and adhere to PMTCT services to identify areas of program improvement and further reduce HIV transmission. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 health care workers (HCWs) at two health centers in Kara, Togo and 34 women who had successfully completed the PMTCT program at those facilities. Women were identified using purposive sampling and content theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge and belief in the potential to give birth to an HIV-negative child, supported by facilitating factors on the individual and community levels, was the cornerstone to women’s PMTCT program success. Effective program education and peer-to-peer interactions fostered the participants’ knowledge and belief in PMTCT, with the resulting internal motivation driving continued participation and adherence. The welcoming environment, availability of peer support groups and financial assistance from the health facility, further facilitated success, with women using this facility-based community to seek advice and support from HCWs and peers. Financial, physical, and emotional support from relatives was also important in ensuring unhindered access. Finally, the faith-based communities’ acceptance and support for HIV-positive women further encouraged participants to adhere to the program. Conclusion: Understanding and believing in the ability to have an HIV-negative baby was the most important facilitator for PMTCT program adherence. This led to internal motivation that was continually reinforced through facility and community supportive environments focused on addressing barriers. Efforts to improve PMTCT success should focus on all of these factors through a patient-centered approach.

Attention Model for Chronic Conditions:Blind Women and Their Sons

It aimed to analyze the assistance to the blind woman during prenatal care, childbirth, and child-care in light of the Model of Attention to Chronic Conditions. This is a descriptive, qualitative study. A collection was done through semi-structured interview and analysis of the speeches, conducted by content technique proposed by Bardin, emerging from the screening process. Ten mothers aged between 21 and 42 years old participated in the study. Three categories were identified: prescriptive and focused attention on the disease;for collaborative and focused attention on the person;uniprofessional attention to the multidisciplinary attention;establishment of relationship between the family health strategy and the specialized outpatient care. The women experienced chronic conditions according to the Model in addition to blindness. Study results show that for blind women, attention in the health service has weaknesses in service, both in the prenatal period and childbirth, and in childcare. It deems necessary transformation in assisting the blind woman.

Compromise and Change: Reconsideration on the Custody of Infants Act of 1839

The United Kingdom’s Custody of Infants Act of 1839 is generally regarded as a signature instrument for women to gain guardianship of a child, and widely considered a product of the equal rights movement launched by women in England. It has played an important role in promoting women’s equal rights and breaking patriarchal absolutism. However, there was much compromise in the legal basis for the legislation and the legal provisions, resulting in debates on the legislation that have greatly diluted the revolutionary significance of the Act. Starting with the Marxist argument on bourgeois family legislation, this paper analyzes the legislative and judicial practice of guardianship of minors before and after the promulgation of the Act in the United Kingdom. In view of its impact on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the historical status of this act.

肝硬化门静脉血栓位置、数目及与Child-Pugh分级的相关性研究

目的用超声和(或)CT血管造影分析肝硬化门静脉血栓(Portal vein thrombus,PVT)的解剖位置、数量及其与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级的相关性。方法回顾性分析2013年6月—2017年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院诊治的109例肝硬化PVT患者的临床资料,所有患者均行超声和(或)CT血管造影观察PVT的解剖位置、数量并与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级做相关性分析。结果 109例肝硬化PVT患者血栓位于门静脉主干的有91例,占83.49%,其中51例合并有门静脉其他分支受累,占46.79%。单纯局限于脾静脉2例、肝内右支2例、肝内左支5例、肠系膜上静脉的1例、海绵样变性的2例,所占比例分别占1.83%、1.83%、4.59%、0.09%、1.83%。肝硬化PVT位置以门静脉主干多见,海绵样变性少见。血栓的解剖位置、数量与Chilc I-Pugh分级间的相关性差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.808,χ~2=0.111,P>0.05)。结论肝硬化PVT位于门静脉主干多见,海绵样变性少见,PVT的位置、数目与Child-Pugh分级无相关性。

The Gold Coast Colony’s Infant Welfare Clinics During the Great Depression

This paper employs archival documents to research how the Gold Coast colonial government worked with European women medical doctors at preventive health to sustain infant and child welfare clinics.After the First World War,the objective of the colonial government and medical officers was to prevent child mortality and child morbidity.European women medical doctors working with the government and in private practice at infant and child welfare clinics cared for African pregnant women,mothers,and children not older than three years old.European women medical doctors at infant and child welfare clinics educated the community.In 1932,the Great Depression peaked and Percy Selwyn-Clarke in the health service needed to increase funds and staff.Selwyn-Clarke established the Gold Coast Local Branch of the British Red Cross Society to work at the infant and child welfare clinics.

中国家庭儿童间接养育成本测度——基于收入与闲暇视角

中国生育政策放开后生育率依然处于较低水平,家庭儿童养育成本居高不下是其重要原因。党的二十大报告明确指出“优化人口发展战略,建立生育支持政策体系,降低生育、养育、教育成本”,表明党中央对完善生育支持政策高度重视。制定有效的生育支持政策需要以合理测度家庭儿童养育成本为基础。家庭儿童养育成本分为直接成本和间接成本,目前相关研究对中国家庭儿童间接养育成本测度关注不足。为此,本研究借鉴现有对儿童间接养育成本的测度方法,将间接成本细分为收入损失成本和闲暇时间成本两部分,构建不同孩次的儿童间接养育成本测度模型,利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,对中国家庭儿童间接养育成本进行测度。结果显示:对女性而言,以2020年价格水平估算,生育一孩导致月工资收入下降约432元(占一孩母亲平均工资约17.1%),月闲暇时间下降约30.7小时;生育二孩月工资收入下降约289元,月闲暇时间下降约14.7小时;生育三孩月工资收入下降约172元,月闲暇时间下降约10.9小时;一孩的间接养育成本高昂,不论是收入损失成本还是闲暇时间成本,一孩的间接养育成本几乎都是二孩和三孩的间接养育成本之和。对比2016年、2018年和2020年的CFPS数据发现:中国家庭儿童间接养育成本呈现明显的增加趋势。异质性分析表明:城镇母亲儿童间接养育成本高于农村母亲;高学历母亲儿童间接养育成本高于低学历母亲,且受教育水平差异带来的儿童间接养育成本差距程度大于城乡差异;0-5岁年龄段儿童间接养育成本高于6-11岁年龄段儿童,0-5岁年龄段儿童一孩的收入损失成本约为675元/月,闲暇时间成本约为38.3小时/月;6-11岁年龄段儿童一孩的收入损失成本约为441.8元/月,闲暇时间成本约为34.1小时/月。本研究测度的结果远高于现有文献测度的中国家庭儿童间接养育成本。国家应重视家庭儿童间接养育成本,采取生育支持政策以降低儿童的养育成本,尤其是建议加大对生育一孩的相关政策支持力度,为生育率的稳步回升建立基础。

高龄孕妇产前诊断胎儿染色体异常结果特征分析

目的分析高龄孕妇介入性产前诊断胎儿染色体异常结果的特征。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年6月于唐山市妇幼保健院产前诊断遗传病诊断中心就诊的行羊膜腔穿刺术的638例高龄孕妇作为研究对象,按照孕妇预产年龄分为A组(35~<40岁,n=463)和B组(≥40岁,n=175),统计2组高龄孕妇羊水细胞染色体核型分析结果和全基因组拷贝数变异测序(copy number variation sequencing,CNV-seq)检测结果。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验。结果638例高龄孕妇中,羊水细胞染色体异常核型检出率为8.3%(53/638),其中A组和B组的检出率分别为6.9%(32/463)和12.0%(21/175),B组高于A组(χ^(2)=15.241,P<0.05)。CNV-seq检测结果显示,羊水细胞染色体异常拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)检出率为10.2%(65/638),其中A组和B组的检出率分别为8.9%(41/463)和13.7%(24/175),B组高于A组(χ^(2)=13.634,P<0.05)。结论在高龄孕妇中,胎儿染色体异常发生率随着孕妇年龄增长而上升,行产前诊断羊水细胞染色体核型分析及CNV-seq检测可提高胎儿染色体遗传病的检出率。

无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响

心理健康是衡量人力资本的重要指标,也是备受国家和政府关注的民生和社会问题。而长期以来,女性作为家庭中家务劳动和儿童照料的主要承担者,参与家庭无酬劳动的时间远高于男性,这可能会影响她们的心理健康水平。基于Grossman健康需求理论,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年调查数据,实证检验了无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响及传导机制。研究发现,家务劳动时间的增加会对女性心理健康水平产生显著的负向影响,而照顾孩子时间的增加虽然对女性心理健康水平有负向影响,却并不显著。异质性分析表明,家务劳动时间对农村女性、青年女性和受教育程度较高的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响更明显,而照顾孩子时间对老年女性和未受过教育的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响会更明显。稳健性分析表明,在控制内生性后,家务劳动和照顾孩子时间对女性心理健康水平的负向影响显著增强。传导机制分析表明,无酬劳动主要通过影响女性劳动力市场表现来影响其心理健康。随着无酬劳动时间的增加,女性倾向选择非正规就业,工资收入也随之降低,这对其心理健康水平产生了不利影响。因此,重视无酬劳动的价值、在工作场所引入家庭友好措施和倡导男女共同承担家庭劳动是提升我国女性心理健康水平的重要措施。

妇幼健康信息化在高危孕产妇管理工作中的应用效果

目的探讨妇幼健康信息化在高危孕产妇管理工作中的应用效果。方法选取2019年1—12月深圳市南山区妇幼保健院实施常规管理的100例高危孕产妇作为对照组,选取2020年1—12月深圳市南山区妇幼保健院实施妇幼健康信息化管理的100例高危孕产妇中作为研究组。对比2组管理效果。结果研究组登记建档率、产检次数高于对照组,胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组产妇急性事件总发生率为4.00%,低于对照组的15.00%(P<0.05)。管理后,研究组遵医嘱依从性(遵医嘱服药、科学运动、合理饮食、规律作息、自我管理)评分高于对照组,焦虑自评量表评分(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)低于对照组(P<0.05)。出院时,研究组满意度(主动服务、健康宣教、交流能力、操作水平、环境评估)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。管理后,研究组健康调查简表(the MOS item short fromhealth survey,SF-36)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高危孕产妇管理中使用妇幼健康信息化技术有利于提高管理效果,预防产妇急性事件的发生,改善产妇不良情绪,提高其遵医嘱依从性和生活质量,提高产妇对护理服务的满意度。

HBV高载量孕妇孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施阻断母婴传播效果

目的:探究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)高载量孕妇孕期HBV-DNA水平和乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性情况,分析孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施对HBV高载量孕妇母婴传播阻断效果。方法:回顾性收集2021年1月-2023年1月本院住院分娩的120例HBV高载量孕妇临床资料,分析孕妇妊娠期、分娩前HBV-DNA水平和HBeAg阳性率,多因素logistic回归分析HBeAg状态影响因素,分析孕期抗病毒治疗对新生儿乙肝母婴传播阻断效果及母婴安全性。结果:120例HBV高载量孕妇中,孕期接受抗病毒治疗93例(治疗组),抗病毒药物分别为替诺福韦占56.6%、拉米夫定占20.8%;未接受治疗27例(未治疗组)。妊娠期,抗病毒治疗组和未治疗组HBV-DNA载量、HBeAg阳性率无差异(P>0.05);分娩前,抗病毒治疗组HBV-DNA载量≥10^(6)IU/ml占比(7.5%)低于未治疗组(92.6%)(P<0.05),而两组HBeAg阳性率(90.3%、92.6%)无差异(P>0.05)。多因素logistic分析,年龄低、HBVDNA载量高影响HBeAg状态的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。新生儿乙肝母婴传播阻断率抗病毒治疗组(100.0%)高于未治疗组(2例,92.6%)(P<0.05)。两组新生儿体质量、早产、剖宫产、妊娠合并症、产时并发症比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:HBV高载量孕妇HBV-DNA水平较高,HBeAg阳性率与孕妇年龄低、HBV-DNA载量高有关;孕期抗病毒治疗可降低孕妇分娩前HBV-DNA水平,结合标准阻断措施后可提高HBV母婴传播阻断率,且安全性较好。

妊娠期妇女和儿童丙型肝炎的管理

HCV感染是全球性的公共卫生问题,直接抗病毒药物的出现为丙型肝炎患者的治疗带来了革命性的突破。尽管直接抗病毒药物在成人患者中的治疗效果显著,但对于孕妇、婴幼儿、青少年这一特殊人群的治疗仍存在诸多挑战。本文旨在探讨这些特殊丙型肝炎人群在抗病毒治疗方面的现状及尚需解决的问题,以期为临床工作者提供参考与借鉴。

三孩政策实施前后山东某县出生人数和三孩及以上孩次占比研究

目的描述2019年下半年至2023年上半年山东某县出生人数和孩次构成情况,分析三孩政策对出生人数和三孩及以上孩次占比的影响。方法依托2019年7月至2023年6月山东某县分娩登记常规统计资料,获取新生儿出生日期、母亲产次等数据,将母亲产次作为新生儿孩次的近似指标。依据三孩政策出台时间并参考既往研究将2019年7月至2022年2月定义为基线期,2022年3月至2023年6月定义为三孩政策效应期,采用中断时间序列模型研究三孩政策对月度出生人数和月度三孩及以上孩次占比的影响。结果2019年7月至2023年6月研究地区出生人数为26642人;基线期出生人数为18007人,月均出生人数为562.72人;三孩政策效应期出生人数为8635人,月均出生人数为539.69人。中断时间序列分析显示,研究地区总的出生人数在基线期内月均减少4.56人(P=0.094);三孩政策生效之初出生人数瞬时减少91.19人(P=0.075),随后政策效应期内月均增加8.78人(P=0.075)。但上述变化均不具有统计学意义。研究期间共出生一孩11956人,二孩11733人,三孩及以上2128人;三孩及以上孩次占比为8.24%,其中基线期为7.77%,三孩政策效应期为9.18%。中断时间序列分析显示,基线期内三孩及以上孩次占比月均增加0.05个百分点(P=0.048);三孩政策生效之初瞬时减少0.64个百分点(P=0.417),随后政策效应期内月均增加0.14个百分点(P=0.200),三孩政策生效后三孩及以上孩次占比瞬时水平及随后趋势变化不具有统计学意义。结论三孩政策实施后研究地区总的出生人数未见明显变化,三孩及以上孩次占比也未见显著增加,提示三孩政策的实施在短期内对研究地区育龄妇女的生育行为无显著影响。

2018-2022年淄博市预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播实施效果研究

目的研究2018—2022年淄博市预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作实施效果。方法提取2018-2022年淄博市工作月报表及个案卡信息,分析艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝检测率、阳性检出率、治疗率及干预效果等。结果淄博市分娩产妇均在孕产期接受艾梅乙检测,孕期检测率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);梅毒孕产妇阳性检出率2.03‰,呈上升趋势;乙型病毒性肝炎(Viral Hepatitis Type B,HBV)阳性检出率2.55%,呈下降趋势;艾滋病病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)感染孕产妇及所生儿童抗HIV用药率均为100%;梅毒感染孕产妇治疗率及所生儿童预防性治疗率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);HIV母婴传播率为0,先天梅毒报告发病率为1.56/10万活产;乙肝母婴传播率为0.68%。结论全市预防母婴传播工作成效明显,但仍需继续努力,为消除母婴传播工作奠定基础。

HIV暴露儿童血清逆转影响因素分析

目的研究HIV暴露儿童血清逆转相关影响因素。方法收集2019年1月至2021年12月期间深圳市第三人民医院管理的49例HIV感染孕产妇及所生HIV暴露儿童的一般情况、临床资料及血清结果等。结果49例HIV暴露儿童在出生后48 h、6周、3月龄HIV核酸检测均为阴性。在12、18、21月龄时血清逆转率分别为59.18%、93.87%和100.00%。HIV暴露儿童在12月龄血清是否逆转与母亲分娩方式、抗反转录病毒开始时间、孕期核酸检测结果、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数无关;与HIV暴露儿童的性别、出生胎龄与体重、阻断药物使用种类等也无关。结论未发现12月龄HIV暴露儿童血清逆转的明确影响因素,其3月龄核酸检测与最终血清逆转结果一致性为100%。为尽早排除HIV感染,减少家属顾虑,未来可考虑HIV暴露儿童3月龄前3次核酸阴性结果代替血清逆转。

基于潜在狄利克雷分布主题模型的初产妇产后健康信息需求研究

目的运用潜在狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型深入挖掘即时社交平台产后母婴保健信息需求。方法2023年1—6月提取产后延续性护理微信群内文本数据,通过数据清洗、分词和LDA主题模型构建,分析文本数据所蕴含的需求主题。结果LDA主题模型将所提取的23531条文本数据划分为8个主题:婴儿健康状况、婴儿喂养状况、婴儿日常护理、生长发育、母婴健康体检、疫苗接种、产后恢复、社会支持和同伴经验分享。结论基于自然语言的信息需求分析能获取客观全面的产后母婴健康信息需求,为医疗机构开展全面、精细化的产后健康指导提供参考。