Law and Inspiration——The laws of S&T Innovations of Originality as Reflected by Noble Prize Laureates in Natural Sciences and Major Scientific Accomplishments in the 20th Century

Today in the 21st century, Science and technology (S&T)develops by leaps and bounds. Such progress has fundamentally changed the development pace of history, becoming the principal driving force for the progress of human civilization.……

Spiral Wave Law Is Involved in the Unification of Four Fundamental Forces and the Origin and the Evolution of the Universe

A long-term goal of theoretical physics is to develop a single simple theory or model that would unify the four known fundamental forces (or interactions) and give explanations for the origin and the evolution of the Universe. Here a “spiral wave law” has been proposed based on the previous studies that a consistent universe field presents various forms of spiral (helical) wave motions at the speed of light (c), and therefore, a mathematical equation for the relationship between the radius of a spiral wave motion (r) and its wave length (λ) is derived including a simplified formula ( or ), which could provide a novel explanation for the origin and the evolution of the Universe, and the space-time relationships. This model may give a new way for the unification of four fundamental forces and determine the moving properties of galaxies and basic particles, and the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves at the large or small scale.

Research on the Public Opinions of the USA by the Scholars in China

When researching the public opinions abroad,scholars in China tend to choose the USA as the research object. Well- known for democracy,the USA attaches great importance to the public opinions,the influence of which has already spread to the foreign policies of the USA. As the hot spot of the international politics,there is lots of research upon the relationship between the public opinions and the foreign policies. This paper attempts to analyze the research on the public opinions of the USA by the scholars in China in order to make clear the direction of the related research in the future.

From the Beginning of the World to the Beginning of Life on Earth

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology [1]. In this paper, we provide seven Pillars of WUM: Medium of the World;Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters;Creation of Matter;Multicomponent Dark Matter;Macroobjects;Volcanic Rotational Fission;Dark Matter Reactors. We describe the evolution of the World from the Beginning up to the birth of the Solar System and discuss the condition of the Early Earth before the beginning of life on it.

The Basic Concepts and Basic Laws Relating to Matter and Gravitational Fields in Physics

In this work, the author applied the universal gauge field theory and Noether theorem to prove that universality exists for the Lorentz and Levi-Civita law of conservation of energy momentum tensor density. We also found that this conservation law has profound implications in physics. For example, based on this law, one can explore the origin of the matter field, and propose a new view about what is “dark energy” and what is “dark matter”.

Legal Systems and Economic Development:The Case of Aruba Post-Coronavirus

This paper intends to critically review some of the challenges rooted in Aruba’s civil law legal heritage in stimulating a post-corona economic recovery which should ideally be driven towards economic diversification.It also seeks to contextualize the effect of Aruba’s civil law system on economic growth compared to other Caribbean states with similar size,population,and tourism dependency but with legal systems rooted in the common law.This paper’s methodological approach is meta-analytical and includes a critique of the labor laws as well as the substantive role of the state in driving economic performance that is a normative feature in some civil law states.It posits that Aruba’s economic responsiveness,to the coronavirus should consider legal origins as a factor that limits its capacity and capability to execute an effective restructuring of tired economic paradigms and introduce new economic models that would challenge its mono-economic status.

Multi-Barycenter Mechanics, N-Body Problem and Rotation of Galaxies and Stars

In the present paper, the establishment of a systematic multi-barycenter mechanics is based on the multi-particle mechanics. The new theory perfects the basic theoretical system of classical mechanics, which finds the law of mutual interaction between particle groups, reveals the limitations of Newton’s third law, discovers the principle of the intrinsic relationship between gravity and tidal force, reasonably interprets the origin and change laws for the rotation angular momentum of galaxies and stars and so on. By applying new theory, the multi-body problem can be transformed into a special two-body problem and for which an approximate solution method is proposed, the motion law of each particle can be roughly obtained.

人工智能生成内容的著作权客体性思考——兼论作品判定的独创性标准选择

以基于转换器的生成式预训练模型(GPT)为代表的高阶人工智能凭借其强大的智能型内容生成机制,使得内容产品生产中的技术占比不断上升,人的直接投入占比相对下降,传统著作权法作品的独创性要求、权利人本原则等基本理论受到冲击。面对人工智能生成内容(AIGC)可作品性问题,基于自然人智力投入的创造性本质理论和闭合性作品概念显得力不从心。在过程视角下(主观标准),人工智能内容生成过程符合人类创作的思维特征;在结果视角下(客观标准),人工智能生成内容具有著作权作品的外观形式和信息消费功能,符合著作权作品的本质属性。如果人为割裂人工智能生成内容与著作权作品在产生过程和实质作用上的同质关系,强行区分人工智能生成内容和自然人创作作品的法律性质,则有悖著作权法因应技术发展调整信息消费品利益的制度旨趣,最终将导致著作权法律秩序的混乱。

著作权法上独创性概念的澄清与重释

由于个性、创造性、智力劳动等概念比较抽象,一部作品是否具有独创性通常取决于预设的私人立场。这种判定模式会不合理地损害著作权保护的预期。从我国的作品定义看,独创性是一部作品区别于其他作品的内在尺度。独创性既表明了特定作品的特有属性,又表达了与其相关的权益归属。这一内涵与著作权法的内外价值一致。依此逻辑,独创性是指作品的相对差异,并暗示作品进入市场的机会与作品价值的二分。按照相对差异标准,作者享有依照著作权法提出保护的应然权利。

良法善规和美德合力护卫医学初心

救死扶伤、防病治病、护卫民众的生命和健康、坚持医学人道主义是医学的初心,但当今社会,资本、技术、权力在特定条件下正在一步一步地扭曲医学的初心,资本在医学中逐步主体化,这正是医学初心面临挑战的根本所在,守卫医学初心必须从良法善规着手,从制度上保障医学初心,同时,良法善规必须以美德为辅佐,美德是良法善规的基础,也是良法善规的核心,正确使用权力是护卫医学初心的重要条件,美德伦理与规范伦理必须相互结合,相互补充,才能确保医学初心的落实。

人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”的证成、范畴、效力模式

在全球化受阻及全球治理危机不断涌现等百年未有大变局下,“全球行政法”应运而生,但亦面临不少理论困境。作为中国原创智慧,人类命运共同体理念与“全球行政法”创新的结合,可为“全球行政法”重构提供理论基础,是中国开创原创性话语体系的努力。人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”巧妙跳脱出传统国际法囿于常自愿缔约加入、退出导致的效力不彰等困局,从规制执行包括国际法等规范在内的行政行为,和完成全球行政任务的不同视角,新颖地以行政法方法探索“全球行政空间”中对各国政府在内的全球行政主体行政行为的规范方案。人类命运共同体理念可帮助“全球行政法”重新确立内涵;在外延上,人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”可实现与国际法、国际行政法、国内行政法的区分;人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”以“综合方式”发挥法效力。由于全球治理和国家治理相互关联,以人类命运共同体理念为基础重塑“全球行政法”也可提升我国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。依法规范行政行为和实现善治是世界较为公认的理念和共识,在全球化不断受挫的时代背景下,人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”也有利于在新的语境重新汇聚全球共识,从规范行政权行使角度进一步推进全球法治文明的发展、完善全球法治秩序。人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”并非要取代传统国际法,而是与国际法相辅相成,以法治的方式共同促进全球治理目标的实现。

洞鉴古今探源“肠神同调”腧穴内涵及规律

鉴古析今,探源诸经脉中“肠神同调”腧穴的发生源头及其内在规律,为临床“从肠治神”提供选穴理论依据。作者根据古籍《针灸甲乙经》《针灸大成》及第10版《针灸学》教材整理相关肠神同调穴位共36个穴位,主要位于大肠经、胃经、脾经、小肠经、肾经、心包经、肝经、督脉及任脉等经脉。通过查阅古籍及文献,探析“肠神同调”腧穴功效产生的源头及诸经同治肠神的内在规律,并以现代技术探源的机制为佐证,明晰“肠神同调”穴位的真正意义与价值,以更好地服务于临床。

Textualism, structuralism and originalism： the art of the NPC Standing Committee＇s interpretations of the Basic Law

本文分析了香港回归以来全国人大常委会对香港基本法三次解释中所采用的法律解释方法，包括文本解释、结构解释和立法原意解释等。文章强调“人大释法”在娴熟地采用这些法律解释方法时对法理学说的运用。文章指出，在居港权案中，特区终审法院与人大释法在法律解释方法上的分歧主要在于确定体现立法原意的权威本文的过程中，究竟是采取程序主义的形式审查，还是实质主义的意图推定，这不仅是法律解释方法的不同，而且是法理学说和政治立场的不同。在此基础上，文章批评了立法者不适宜解释法律的流行偏见，呼吁将基本法纳入列国家宪政体制中来理解。

黄蜂入洞手法源流与变迁规律探析

本文选择明清以来8部小儿推拿代表性著作,分析不同文献中黄蜂入洞在施术部位与穴位、操作手法、功效主治等方面的特征,梳理各部著作中黄蜂入洞手法的源流,厘清历代文献中黄蜂入洞手法间的相互关系,总结其变迁的特点和规律。结果发现:以原创为主的文献中黄蜂入洞的施术部位、操作手法和功效主治有鲜明的个人特色,而以编撰为主的文献中黄蜂入洞在施术部位、操作手法和功效主治有鲜明的时代特色。因此得出结论,黄蜂入洞手法的变迁受医家个人经验和同时代医学成就及文献流传偏差等因素的影响。

科技企业国际化经营合规风险的体系化防范

中资科技企业的国际化经营日益遭遇严峻挑战,相关挑战主要表现在国际秩序重塑与国内发展转型交织下的法律规范钳制、政府规制束缚和媒体舆论博弈等合规风险谱系。鉴于科技创新已成为大国博弈的重要场域,体系化防范科技企业国际化经营合规风险涉及认知、话语、规范和实践等关键环节,牵涉面广、要素众多,难以毕其功于一役,而需渐进式系统推进。企业社会责任既是商业合规的核心要素,又与认知、话语、规范和实践等关键环节紧密相联,可为推进科技企业国际化经营合规风险防范提供坚实支点。宜系统集成多梯次涉外法治人才培养体系,充分发挥区域制度安排对话功能,类型化归纳不同群体核心诉求,全生命周期追踪东道国规范政策演进,重视多媒体舆情归集和分析等,从而倾斜性纾解科技企业国际化经营的各种挑战。

论网络游戏规则的著作权法保护

在网络游戏同质化越来越严重的背景下,如何对网络游戏规则进行有效保护,是关系到网络游戏市场能否良性发展的核心问题。网络游戏规则是一个复杂的整体概念,随着科学技术的不断发展,复杂、具体的游戏规则可能构成表达。但是分析网络游戏规则的可版权性,并不是认为所有的网络游戏规则都可以受到著作权法的保护,仍然要理清网络游戏规则的保护范围。以思想表达二分法为基础,结合司法裁判现状进行分析总结,探究网络游戏规则著作权保护的范围和具体路径时,需考虑三点:(一)计算机软件作品保护力度低;(二)文字作品保护范围较小;(三)视听作品的保护具有一定合理性。

探讨铅锌多金属矿成因类型与成矿规律

铅锌多金属矿床分为沉积、热液和岩浆矿床等,各类矿床均有其特定的成因和特点,探索铅锌多金属矿床的成因类型与成矿规律对矿产资源的开发和利用具有重大意义,有助于矿产勘查与开发工作的科学化。此外,对铅锌多金属矿床成矿规律的深入研究,能帮助我们更全面地理解矿床形成的内在机制和演化过程。笔者结合多年工作经验,深入分析铅锌多金属矿成因类型与成矿规律,希望可以给相关专业人员提供借鉴与参考。

四棵树矿区八号井瓦斯赋存规律及涌出量预测研究

为了掌握四棵树矿区八号井B5煤层瓦斯赋存规律,预测未开采区域瓦斯涌出量,以指导矿井瓦斯灾害治理,测定了煤层原始瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力,分析了地质构造、顶底板岩性对瓦斯赋存的影响,划分了瓦斯地质单元,预测了各工作面瓦斯涌出量。研究结果表明,四棵树向斜轴距二采区较远,对二采区煤层瓦斯赋存与逸散影响有限,但对三采区瓦斯赋存影响较大,两翼和轴部中和面以上是瓦斯封存和聚集部位,向斜轴部是瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力高异常区。B5煤层为同一瓦斯地质单元,受顶底板岩性影响,瓦斯不易逸散。B5煤层瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力随埋深变化梯度分别为1.27 m^(3)/(t·hm)、0.15 MPa/hm, B5煤层工作面绝对瓦斯涌出量、相对瓦斯涌出量随埋深变化梯度分别为6.26 m^(3)/(min·hm)、1.78 m^(3)/(t·hm),瓦斯含量、瓦斯涌出量整体表现为由南向北逐渐升高的趋势。

Promotion of the Chinese Legal Culture and System in the New Era

The 5000-years uninterrupted Chinese legal culture embodies the political and legal wisdom of the Chinese nation and is a source of pride for the Chinese nation.It has provided extremely rich resources and treasures for the construction of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.It has been inherited vertically,evolved intergenerationally and reserved continuously.Originating from both the historical legal system and from Marxist historical materialism,the Chinese legal system has profoundly influenced neighboring countries.The comprehensive governance of politics,law,and morality in ancient China,as reflected in the Rites of Zhou,a book of the Western Zhou Dynasty(1027-771 BC)on cultural ideology and political structure,provides an early work on the governance of ancient China.Chinese legal culture has remained progressive,and with the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,it is now important to promote Chinese legal culture for construction of the Chinese legal system in the new era.

Almost all points on the real axis can be original points of shock waves

For a conservation law with convex condition and initial data in L∞(R), it had been commonly believed that the number of discontinuity lines (or shock waves) of the solution is at most countable since Theorem 1 in Oleinik's seminal paper published in 1956 asserted this fact. In 1977, the author gave an example to show that there is an initial data in C∞(R) ∩ L∞(R) such that the number of shock waves is uncountable. And in 1980, he gave an example to show that there is an initial data in C(R)∩L∞(R) such that the measure of original points of shock waves on the real axis is positive. In this paper, he proves further that the set consisting of initial data in C(R) ∩ L∞(R) with the property: almost all points on the real axis are original points of shock waves, is dense in C(R) ∩ L∞(R). All these results show that Oleinik's assertion on the countability of discontinuity lines is wrong.