Study of the intensive care unit activity scale in the early rehabilitation of patients after direct cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND Direct cardiac surgery often necessitates intensive post-operative care,and the intensive care unit(ICU)activity scale represents a crucial metric in assessing and guiding early rehabilitation efforts to enhance patient recovery.AIM To clarify the clinical application value of the ICU activity scale in the early recovery of patients after cardiac surgery.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients who underwent cardiac surgery between September 2020 and October 2021 were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method.The observation group was rated using the ICU activity scale and the corresponding graded rehabilitation interventions were conducted based on the ICU activity scale.The control group was assessed in accordance with the routine rehabilitation activities,and the postoperative rehabilitation indexes of the patients in both groups were compared(time of tracheal intubation,time of ICU admission,occurrence of complications,and activity scores before ICU transfer).The two groups were compared according to postoperative rehabilitation indicators(time of tracheal intubation,length of ICU stay,and occurrence of complications)and activity scores before ICU transfer.RESULTS In the observation group,tracheal intubation time lasted for 18.30±3.28 h and ICU admission time was 4.04±0.83 d,which were significantly shorter than the control group(t-values:2.97 and 2.038,respectively,P<0.05).The observation group also had a significantly lower number of complications and adverse events compared to the control group(P<0.05).Before ICU transfer,the observation group(6.7%)had few complications and adverse events than the control group(30.0%),and this difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the activity score was significantly higher in the observation(26.89±0.97)compared to the control groups(22.63±1.12 points)(t-value;-17.83,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementation of early goal-directed activities in patients who underwent cardiac surgery using the ICU activity scale can promote the recovery of cardiac function.

Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms of Action for Successful Implementation of Social Prescribing

There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means of facilitating healthy lifestyle behavior changes by linking patients to sources of support in the community. However, there are gaps in understanding about what works to facilitate and enable this behavior change i.e. , the mechanisms of actions underpinning social prescribing delivery. This study used a qualitative approach involving interviews with 18 Social Prescription Link Workers (SPLWs). Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Through this, an overall theme of “Theoretical underpinning: Solution-focused and strengths-based” was identified. This was made up of sub-themes relating to mechanisms underpinning: the SPLWs’ role (comprising asking questions, motivational interviewing and the therapeutic alliance);the patients’ role, (empowerment and active engagement);and the approach adopted (solution building, goal and action orientated). To formalize this, a framework could be developed for SPLWs that encapsulates the solution-focused strengths-based approach for application within social prescribing. This framework can then be embedded into practice facilitating more successful healthy lifestyle behavior change for social prescribing patients.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

The effect of goal setting in asthma self-management education:A systematic review

Background: Asthma self-management education combining with behavior therapy is considered to be more effective.Goal setting is a common behavior change technique used to help patients self-manage their symptoms.However,empirical evidence around its effectiveness on asthma management lacks clarity.Aims: To systematically integrate and appraise the evidence for effectiveness of goal setting interventions on asthma outcomes.Methods: Databases included CENTRAL,PubMed,EMBASE,CINAHL and Proquest Psychology Database were systematically searched for relevant intervention studies employing goal setting technique as a method in asthma education program for self-management.Characteristic of studies and outcomes in clinical,psychosocial and healthcare utilization outcome were extracted.Results: From a total of 2641 citations,45 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 9 studies met the inclusion criteria.Eight studies were randomized controlled trial and one was before-after study.None studies have a high methodological quality.Goal-setting based intervention appeared to improve symptom control,quality of life and self-efficacy in adult patients with asthma.Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted the potential of a goal setting technique in the asthma self-management education.However,due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of the included literature,more rigorous studies are needed.In the future,better effective study protocol combining with goal setting approach and other behavior technique is needed to further investigate.

The enlightenment of the development of New Oriental School on Chinese educational system

In modern society, the essence of social competition is the competition of talents who are in need of education, and the education＇s quality can decide a nation＇s future and destiny. With the continuous development of China, Chinese educational system is also facing a new stage of development. Starting with analyzing the case of New Oriental School, a very popular training institution in China, this paper finds its sponsoring characteristics and the current situation of education in China by surveying and comparing some data. It is found that New Oriental School＇s success is the integration of Chinese and western culture. On the one hand, New Oriental School pays attention to training teachers and learning advanced teaching ideas and methods of western countries, on the other hand, its education is directed towards Chinese examination-oriented education, which results from the current situation that China has a large population and sharp competitions and the examination-oriented education can not be replaced in this moment. Chinese education can get a lot of inspirations from New Oriental School＇s successful experience. This paper makes a suggestion that China can benefit from the mode of New Oriental School, learning the advanced concepts and teaching methods of western countries, and doing some improvements to explore a suitable way for Chinese educational development.

Research on the Value Orientation of Higher Education under the Concept of“People Oriented”

The current development of higher education has been continuously deepened and upgraded.With the continuous implementation of the concept of“peopleoriented”,it has increasingly played a positive role in the deepening reform of higher education management.In order to grasp the scientific connotation of“peopleoriented”in higher education,we should deeply understand the necessity and internal requirements of“people-oriented”in higher education,which will help to further explore the value orientation of higher education under the concept of“people-oriented”and build a“higher education”for universities.The implementation path of the people-oriented concept provides some feasible countermeasures.

The Psycho-Pedagogical Monitoring Research and the Problems of the Quality of Requirements in the Current Educational System

Nowadays, we face many obstacles connected with the high quality education. This sphere forces us to implement new methods and approaches in everyday learning process. The following academic research done on psycho-pedagogical sphere in higher education showed that the enhancement in the educational system is developing slowly because of the lack of research. By all means, it is the right time to follow the objectives and try to develop and suggest the current teaching process using technology that of course will be based on the development of quality control and thesaurus-agency approaches. As mentioned in Bolkan and Goodboy, their research showed that teachers who promote intellectual stimulation empower and enrich students both cognitive and affective getting knowledge and experience process in the classroom. The main objective of current experiment is that it suggests intellectual stimulation which is linked to intrinsic motivation, and that intrinsic motivation has all the advantages to influence students＇ use of effective studying behaviors. According to Dunlosky, Marsh, Nathan, Willingham and Rawson, there are specific techniques which can influence on the overall process of higher education.

Research on the Teaching of “Mandarin” Course in Preschool Education Major Under the Occupational Activity Orientation

Along with the increasing demand for kindergarten teachers,as the cradle of talent training,the secondary vocational schools are required to reasonably formulate educational talent training plans according to the needs of social talents,optimize and adjust the teaching of preschool education courses,and improve the effectiveness of education and teaching.Referring to the teaching of the“Mandarin”course in preschool education,the secondary vocational schools need to achieve the following functions,namely,analyze the issues existing in the course teaching according to the results of teaching practice,and then explore the teaching improvement path of“Mandarin”course based on professional activity orientation in line with the“employment-oriented,service-oriented”career education goals,in order to improve the effectiveness of this teaching.

A Summary of Educational Scholars’View on Educational Purpose during the Period of the Republic of China

By using literature data analysis,taking the views of educational scholars during the Republic of China as an entry point,selecting representative educational scholars from that period,studying the educational goals of those educational scholars,as well as summarizing and refining their educational concepts,it has been found that the focus was on the cultivation of a sound personality,the development of spiritual values,the cultivation of social responsibility,as well as the cultivation of national consciousness.These four aspects are consistent with the comprehensive development demands by the educational purposes of modern countries in terms of moral,intellectual,physical,artistic,and labor;they provide new supplements and impetus for the current educational purposes to cultivate effective people and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Value Orientation of Teaching Reform in the Era of Smart Education

Based on the influence of the era of smart education on education and teaching,this article discusses the humanistic,social,cultural,and practical rationality of teaching reform in the era of smart education from the development trend of the integration of teaching reforms and information technology.Grasping the theoretical basis of teaching reform under the background of the new era will play a proper guiding role in the practice of teaching reform.

The Establishment of New Teaching-learning Mode in Language Learning

Deeply influenced by traditional teaching and learning mode, we still use inefficient ways to teach and learn. Teachers are still the domain, students are the sub domain. However, with the rapid development of society and the change of people' s ideology, language teachers and learner got easier to find that they can not teach and learn in harmony, and many unexpected problems arose, which make them bewildered, so the following questions are often asked:how to teach and how to learn.

Research and Practice of Moral Education in Higher Mathematics Teaching in the New Era

This paper first analyses the reasons for the low effectiveness of moral education in the current higher mathematics teaching,and then puts forward the contents,methods,and approaches of integrating moral education into higher mathematics teaching in the new era on this basis,and finally finds out the points for attention in the integration of moral education in higher mathematics teaching in the new era.Theoretically,the moral education content is innovated.We should set up the moral education idea of students as the foundation and moral education as the first,establish the attainable goals of moral education in different stages and levels,excavate the moral education resources contained in the current real life and social hot spots,and pay attention to the inheritance and enlightenment of Chinese excellent traditional culture,especially the mathematical culture and history in moral education.In practice,the moral education methods are improved and the moral education approaches are broadened.Moral education methods should be close to reality and life,should adapt to students’personality and hobbies,and should be diversified.Moral education can be carried out by improving the working mechanism of moral education management,publicity,and so on,strengthening the construction of moral education team and creating an atmosphere of full staff education.

The Impact of Dominant Predictors on University Students’Creativity through Creative Self-efficacy in Shaanxi China:The Moderating Role of Motivation

Studies on creativity have identified critical individual and contextual variables that contribute to individuals’creative performance.Ceative self-efficacy has also served as a critical mediating mechanism linking a variety of individual and contexual factors to people’s creative performance.However,the factors influence the relationship between creative selfefficacy and creativity have not yet been systematically investigated.In this study,the author explores potential processes that motivation moderate the relationship between creative self-efficacy and university students creativity under the effects of three dominant predictors like openness to experience,learning goal orientation and team learning behavior.

Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023,during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of January 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the U.S.Dmeasured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in 2018.There were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM.The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM.Among these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national total.California,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place.The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S.has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

A Structural Analysis of Senior High School Students’English Achievement Goal Orientation,Learning Anxiety,and Autonomous Learning Behavior

The present study aimed to investigate senior high school students to explore the relationships among their English achievement goal orientations,learning anxiety,and autonomous learning behavior.748 first-year senior high school students in Guizhou Province,China were selected as participants.A comprehensive questionnaire measuring the above variables was designed to collect the data.The Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the model had good fit to the sample.The students’mastery goals and performance-approach goals positively contributed to their autonomous learning behavior,whereas their performance-avoidance goals were negatively associated with their autonomous learning behavior.The students’mastery goals effectively reduced their learning anxiety,but their performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals engendered learning anxiety.The students’learning anxiety and their autonomous learning behavior were negatively correlated.

基于产出导向法的“思辨+育人”融合培养的大学英语教学模式探索——以Unit 7 Hopes and Fears for the Future单元为例

大学英语课程肩负价值塑造、知识传授与技能培养的重要使命。在“产出导向法”理念与教学框架下“思辨”与“育人”教学融合模式是通过三阶段层层递进式育人和嵌入式思辨训练的方式浸润式育人,提升学生文化自信和社会责任感。此外,该模式还能拓宽学生的国际视野,教会学生用辩证唯物主义客观评价、实事求是、明辨是非。基于此,它将为新时代大学英语提升立德树人成效提供有效参考。

Towards Global Goal Orientation, Robustness and Integrity of Distributed Dynamic Systems

In an addition to the variety of topics in aims and scope of the Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy, we would be happy to offer here some more areas in line with its general orientation, which could be worth investigating, encouraging more paper submissions. These relate to effective organization of large distributed dynamic systems of diverse natures which may require innovative solutions reflecting the growing world dynamics in the 21 st century with emerging challenges and threats to local and global prosperity, stability, and safety.

Analysis of the Necessity of Rehabilitation Landscape Improvement in Vocational Education Campus

Vocational education campus is an important practice place of rehabilitation landscape and health garden.The improvement of rehabilitation landscape in vocational education campus is of great significance for the popularization of environmental and health knowledge,the dissemination of ecological concepts,and the guidance of local development of garden health and horticultural therapy.Based on the analysis of the benefits of rehabilitation landscape,the paper discusses the role of rehabilitation landscape in maintaining the psychological health of teachers and students in vocational education campus,improving their attention,alleviating bad emotions,and improving the safety and comfort level of the environment,and further demonstrates the necessity of rehabilitation landscape improvement in vocational education campus.

Ethical Awareness： Do We Need to Teach Accounting Ethics？ The Case of Bahrain

Based on the premise that ethics education leads to creation of the required （acceptable level of） ethical awareness, the general streamline of accounting ethics literature is strongly in favor of teaching adequate, efficient, and effective accounting ethics. This paper takes the position that this premise must be checked in an educational setting in which accounting ethics education lacks the characteristics of being adequate, efficient, and effective. Accordingly, a questionnaire with two parts was distributed to accounting students about to graduate from the University of Bahrain （UoB）. The first part is an exploratory investigation consisting of 21 variables/questions. The second part is an experimental investigation consisting of 13 hypothetical accounting cases representing various ethics violations. The general tendency by an accounting student based on the two parts indicates that he/she holds an acceptable level of ethical awareness, despite the fact that accounting education programs lack an adequate, efficient, and effective approach to teaching accounting ethics.

Research on the Development Trend of Contemporary English Education Pattern under the Quality Education and Ability Oriented Background

In this research paper, we conduct research on development trend of contemporary English education pattern under the quality education and the ability oriented background. In learning, learn grammar use master grammar functions in use many teaching experts recommended is effective way. In this way, we can fully mobilize students＇ learning grammar effectiveness on the basis of can make them have more chance to practice. Participation can make students understand, no longer limited to simple memorization and found problems in study and communication with each other, to explore the problems and effectively improve English learning. The proposed methodology will enhance general performance of the contemporary English education and activate the students＇ learning passion.