Study on the Textual Coherence Function of Conjunctions in Political Texts and Their Translation Reconstruction

The assessment of translation quality in political texts is primarily based on achieving effective communication.Throughout the translation process,it is essential to not only accurately convey the original content but also effectively transform the structural mechanisms of the source language.In the translation reconstruction of political texts,various textual cohesion methods are often employed,with conjunctions serving as a primary means for semantic coherence within text units.

The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

Short-Term Memory Capacity across Time and Language Estimated from Ancient and Modern Literary Texts. Study-Case: New Testament Translations

We study the short-term memory capacity of ancient readers of the original New Testament written in Greek, of its translations to Latin and to modern languages. To model it, we consider the number of words between any two contiguous interpunctions Ip, because this parameter can model how the human mind memorizes “chunks” of information. Since IP can be calculated for any alphabetical text, we can perform experiments—otherwise impossible— with ancient readers by studying the literary works they used to read. The “experiments” compare the IP of texts of a language/translation to those of another language/translation by measuring the minimum average probability of finding joint readers (those who can read both texts because of similar short-term memory capacity) and by defining an “overlap index”. We also define the population of universal readers, people who can read any New Testament text in any language. Future work is vast, with many research tracks, because alphabetical literatures are very large and allow many experiments, such as comparing authors, translations or even texts written by artificial intelligence tools.

Using Technologies for Creative-text Translation,edited by James Luke Hadley,Kristiina Taivalkoski-Shilov,Carlos S.C.Teixeira and Antonio Toral,New York,Routledge,2022,219 pp.,ISBN:9780367555818

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic,creative-text translation is less impacted by uncertainty than interpretation.Research on the effectiveness and viability of incorporating artificial intelligence into the translation of creative works that capture human aesthetic value is still in its infancy.The book Using Technologies for Creative-text Translation goes deep into this emerging field,covering significant findings of machine translation in creative text from the prevailing perspectives on the application of machine translation to the efficiency of machine-to-translation rhetoric.This review describes the background of the work,sorts out its logical relationships,identifies the research findings,and summarises the ingenious ideas.In summary,the book takes into account the perspectives of multiple disciplines,which helps scholars,translators and practitioners understand the application of machine translation in creative texts.

An Empirical Study on the Differences between Overt Translation and Covert Translation in Legal

Currently,it is key to convey precise meanings to readers for translators.Observing expressing habits between different languages is the precondition to make target texts more readable.It is crucial to ensure the exactness and seriousness of legal texts,but it does not mean that translators have to take machined way to leave out and even give up transmitting in-deep cultural implications for the intention of achieving the all-inclusive integrity of target content.It is a correct choice for translators to take overt translation and covert translation in line with traits of source language and target language and differences between civil law system and common law system.The intention of the article is to make an empirical study between overt translation and covert translation.

Research on Translation Strategies of Political Texts for International Publicity from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

Eco-translatology provides a new perspective and methodology for the international publicity translation of political texts.This paper applies the viewpoint and methodology of eco-translatology,focuses on the three-dimensional transformation of language,culture,and communication,and discusses how translators can adapt to the eco-environment of political texts through the specific example of the keynote speech of China’s president at the opening ceremony of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and select suitable translation strategies and techniques to achieve an ecological balance of the target text in multiple dimensions.

Textual informativity and its translation strategies

Textual informativity is one of the seven standards of textuality. This paper focuses on the shift among three orders of textual informativity. And also probe into some strategies to compensate for the different level of informativity.

Translation Strategies of Instructional Text--Taking Murder Your Darlings and Other Gentle Writing Advice from Aristotle to Zinsser as an Example

With the popularity of English learning in the world,the demand for instructional materials is increasing,and how to accurately convey the information of these texts to English-learners and provide the learners with an effective learning experience has become a major problem.Therefore,the role of the translator is crucial.It is found that that translators should make linguistic choices based on the text functions and target readers’expectations,and flexibly adopt the translation strategies,such as addition,conversion,and cohesion to convey the intention of the source author and generate the source context accurately and appropriately.Applying relevant theories to the analysis of translation cases,the paper tentatively puts forward solutions to the problems encountered in the E-C translation of chapter one of Murder Your Darlings and Other Gentle Writing Advice from Aristotle to Zinsser.Hopefully,it could provide a reference for other translators working on instructional texts.

The E-C Translation Strategies of Politics Texts Exemplified by Annual Report to Congress:Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2012 (Chapter One to Four and Appendix One)

The source material,a report entitled Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2012( Chapter One to Four and Appendix One)(Annual Report for short in the following),was released by a governmental institute,the US Department of Defense,in the year of 2012,to the US Congress,presenting the military and security development in China all year around.The thesis is a study of the E-C translation strategies adopted in the process,based on the characteristics of political texts.

Untranslatability and its Compensation Strategies——Taking The Original of Laura as an Example

As is known to all in the translation field,the problem of translatability and untranslatability has been a long-debated is sue in the field of translation.And the phenomenon of untranslatability is especially prominent in translation of literary works.This paper tries to discuss,from theory and practice,the phenomenon of untranslatability and its compensation strategies in trans lation between Chinese and English.It is roughly divided into two parts,wherein the first part deals with the phenomenon of un translatability,explaining its causes and giving some examples,and the second part deals with the compensation strategies,intro ducing several methods of compensation and taking The Original of Laura written by the deceased Russian-American writer Nabokov as an example.With the development of intercultural communication in the world and the great efforts of translators,the untranslatable words today can be translatable tomorrow.

Text type, language function and translation strategy of film lines

For different texts, different translation strategies should be adopted. This paper makes a case study on lines from Disney animation picture Mulan in the light of functional concept of translation. And it draws a conclusion that in the process of film translation, the translator is allowed to make some adaptations to make the translated version more appropriate in the original context, and that the translator is supposed to have both ＂semantic awareness＂ and ＂functional awareness＂, to achieve the equivalence between the SL text and TL text functionally.

The Significance of Understanding Western Culture to Translation

Culture,which takes language as its carrier,has a close tie with translation,which,generally speaking,is the transfer of a text from one language into another.Therefore,a qualified translator is required not only to be bilingually competent,but a biculturally compe tent.Western culture is deeply rooted in Western philosophy and religion.In order to achieve a translation of high quality,a translator must learn about Western tradition of philosophy and religion.

A Functionalist Approach to the Translation of Allusions in Chinese Tourism Texts

Allusions are very common in Chinese tourism texts. When translating them, translators should make the translated version both understandable and acceptable. With Nord's documentary translation and instrumental translation, this paper explores how to apply these two translation processes to the translation of allusions in Chinese tourism texts.

The Probe of Significance of Text Analysis in Translation

This paper studies the significance of text analysis in translation in regard to the analysis both inside and outside the "text",discussing the weight of analyzing lexical units and stylistic scales in translation and examining the importance of analyzing the translator’s intention,the author’s intention and the target language(TL)readership.

Text Simplification Using Transformer and BERT

Reading and writing are the main interaction methods with web content.Text simplification tools are helpful for people with cognitive impairments,new language learners,and children as they might find difficulties in understanding the complex web content.Text simplification is the process of changing complex text intomore readable and understandable text.The recent approaches to text simplification adopted the machine translation concept to learn simplification rules from a parallel corpus of complex and simple sentences.In this paper,we propose two models based on the transformer which is an encoder-decoder structure that achieves state-of-the-art(SOTA)results in machine translation.The training process for our model includes three steps:preprocessing the data using a subword tokenizer,training the model and optimizing it using the Adam optimizer,then using the model to decode the output.The first model uses the transformer only and the second model uses and integrates the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer(BERT)as encoder to enhance the training time and results.The performance of the proposed model using the transformerwas evaluated using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy score(BLEU)and recorded(53.78)on the WikiSmall dataset.On the other hand,the experiment on the second model which is integrated with BERT shows that the validation loss decreased very fast compared with the model without the BERT.However,the BLEU score was small(44.54),which could be due to the size of the dataset so the model was overfitting and unable to generalize well.Therefore,in the future,the second model could involve experimenting with a larger dataset such as the WikiLarge.In addition,more analysis has been done on the model’s results and the used dataset using different evaluation metrics to understand their performance.

The Role of Intermedial Translation: Theories and Feasibility

Taking Jakobson’s terminology and classification of translation as its starting point,this paper probes into many classic literary works’interrelationship with their imagery adaptations,discusses a reconciliation of different genres without sacrificing the loss of their respective strength.This paper also draws support from other scholars’discussion of originality and intertextuality to land on a conclusion:it is fully possible to reconcile different artistic genres,and this reconciliation will,as Benjamin put it,lead to the"afterlife"of a literary work.

Intercultural Communication and Chinese Tourism Texts Translation

Intercultural communication language plays a crucial role in our global tourism.When we are doing translation we are doing intercultural communication in a sense,so it is necessary for translators to have intercultural communication awareness and be sensitive to the cultural elements in translation.Taking the perspective of intercultural communication,this paper analyses the cultural elements in Chinese tourism material translation in terms of culturally-loaded words and terms,and presents certain translation techniques a translator can use to deal with culturally-loaded words in their translation.

On the Relationship between the Original and the Translated Version——The Interpretation of Benjamin's Three Metaphors

This paper explores the relationship between the original and its translation by interpreting Benjamin's three metaphors from his The Translator's Task. The exploration starts with the metaphor of"the tangent of a circle",where it is interpreted that although the translated version should be faithful to its original in terms of meaning,yet it is a deviation due to different internal and external factors. Then,in the metaphor of"afterlife",the discussion demonstrates that the translated version proceeds from the original,but the original depends on it for its survival and afterlife in different eras. Later,based on the metaphor of"fragments of a vessel",the author states that the original and its translation are equal and complementary,just like the fragments of a vessel,responsible for the development and renewal of each other through translation. Finally,it is concluded that a better understanding of their relationship can offer us a new perspective in translation studies and practice.

Translation Strategies of C-E Business Contract From the Perspective of Functionalist Text Typology Theory

According to the functionalist text typology theory,there is no single absolute translation strategy,which can guide all translation activities.The core ofthe functionalist text typology theory in translation studies is that different types of texts require different translation strategies.This paper intends tobring for ward three translation strategies on C-E business contract translation from the perspective of functionalist text typology theory.