On the Plaintiff's Subject Qualification for Environmental Public Interest Litigation Instituted by People's Procuratorates

Although it is not the main duty for the People's Procuratorate to institute environmental public interest litigation proceedings, the existence of "reserve" prosecution right of plaintiff not only is beneficial to timely prevention and cure of environmental damage, but also contributes indispensable judicial supervision force to the environmental legality construction. In order to safeguard environmental public interests, many local prosecutorial organizations have practiced environmental public interests litigation. Since Chinese law has not made explicit stipulation on the function of the People's Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation, the plaintiff's subject qualification for environmental public interest litigation instituted by the People's Procuratorate is still in question. In order to propel the People's Procuratorate to completely and fully exercise their power of supervision and prosecution, there shall be corresponding legislation that provides powerful guarantee for the People's Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation.

Implement Constitutional Principles to Uncover Tort Cases——An interview with Wang Zhenchuan, deputy chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

EDITOR'S NOTE: Since May 2004, the people's procuratorates in China have concentrated their efforts on uncovering cases of encroaching upon human rights by government functionaries by abusing their power. The move has aroused extensive attention. On this, our staff reporter interviewed Deputy Chief Procurator Wang Zhenchuan, who is in charge of the campaign against human rights violations.

Institutional Correction of Mediation under the View of Transformation:Taking the People’s Mediation as an Example

Under the dual driven forces of soaring disputes and national policy,the dispute resolution ecosystem of China showed the mediation centralism,and the revival of mediation presented the characteristics of adversary system.In order to comply with the modern rule of law system,the traditional mediation is incorporated into the modern legal system through the three-level transformation of"discipline of laws","introduction of procedures"and"specialized cultivation",which was promoted by the popularity of social governance,the input of the idea of diversified solutions and the pragmatic impetus under the pressure of social transformation.The mediation movement has the characteristics of both consciousness of pragmatism and the initial legalization,but will also face the mediation disorder.The remodeling of mediation must be rooted in systematization and modernization.Its development trend includes expansion of fields,symbiosis of autonomy and specialization,and mandatory introduction.

A Study on"Fengqiao Experience"from the Perspective of People's Livelihood

The"Fengqiao Experience"has risen from the"local experience"in the early days to the"national experience"now.Although it has gone through twists and turns,it is full of exuberant and strong vitality.Fengqiao Experience is the experience of grass-roots mass governance based on people's livelihood and other factors,so this paper studies the challenges faced by the application of"Fengqiao Experience"and the internal relationship between the experience and people's livelihood from the perspective of people's livelihood and summarizes the realization path of carrying forward the"Fengqiao Experience"from the perspective of people's livelihood.Strengthening the construction of grass-roots Party organizations,taking the mass line and implementing autonomy,rule by virtue and rule by law are the ways to carry forward the"Fengqiao Experience"in the new era,which has certain guiding significance for reality.

Address at the Opening Session of the 5th China-Africa People’s Forum

Your Excellency Vincent Meriton,President of the People's Party of Seychelles and Vice President of Seychelles, Your Excellency Clement Mouamba ,Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear friends,I feel greatly delighted to have you with us here in Chengdu,the city of Hibiscus,at the 5th China-Africa People's Forum.The forum is especially honoured with the message of congratulations from President Xi Jinping.This adequately reflects the importance the Communist Party of China and the Chinese goyemment have placed on the people-to-people exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa,and points out the way to follow in the proceedings of the Forum.

The Fifth China-Africa People’s Forum Held in Chengdu

From 23 to 24 July,2018,China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE)and Sichuan Provincial People's Government jointly hosted the Fifth China-Africa People's Forum in Chengdu. The theme of the Forum is "Pooling the Strength of the People,Working together for Enhanced Friendship and Mutual Trust".Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and President of China sent a message of congratulations to the Forum.

Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

The People’s Republic of China 2018 Observer Review Report to the Arctic Council

I. China’s contributions to the work of the Arctic Council’s Working Groups, Task Forces, and/or Expert Groups China is geographically a “Near-Arctic State”, one of the continental states that are closest to the Arctic Circle. The natural conditions of the Arctic and their changes have a direct impact on China’s climate system and ecological environment. Having long been involved in Arctic affairs, China is an active participant, builder and contributor in Arctic affairs.

Highlights of Supreme People's Procuratorate Work Report

China’sProcurator-General Cao Jianming delivered a work report of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) at the second plenary meeting of the first session of the13th National People’s Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 9, 2018

Discussion on the Logical Coordination between Legal Theory and Legal Practice——from the Perspective of the Legal Basis of NPC5s Discussion and Decisiomaking Power on Major Issues

The decision of local people's congresses to discuss major issues is a basic right granted to local people's congresses by the Chinese Constitution and laws.However,in practice,the implementation of the power of deliberation of major issues by local people's congresses is worrying.By applying the theory of Chinese traditionalism and unity in the theory of law,the theory of"sovereignty in the people"in the social contract theory of Western natural law school,Austin's"legal command theory55 in Western positivist law and Hart's"recognition""Rules theory"to argue that the integrity of rights necessarily involves the dual factors of decision-making and execution.At the same time,the existence and operation of the law always reflects the development of the political system.The realistic political situation requires us to make more precise and meticulous refinement of the external form and specific technical links of the legal system,and to coordinate the rules to make up the legal theory and Conflicts and conflicts in legal practice help to reform social institutions.

Human Rights Connotations and Its Legal Protection in the Harmonious Coexistence between Humans and Nature

Promoting the unity of human nature and sociality in practice is a fundamental path dependence for achieving people's well-rounded development.Within the context of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,the practice of the unity of human nature and sociality is allowed to be truly implemented,and people's well-rounded development moves from possibility to reality.Strengthening the protection of human rights for people's well-rounded development in the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature not only requires the expansion of the connotations of environmental rights from“the right to a healthy environment”to“the right to a beautiful environment”,but also necessitates the formation of a collaborative framework between environmental rights and development rights.For legal responses to the expansion of the connotations of environmental rights,it is necessary to implement such expansions in environmental legislation,enhance the underlying principles,and make progress in the development of systematic environmental legislation simultaneously.Regarding the legal promotion of the synergy between environmental rights and development rights,it is essential to follow the guidance of the“Two Mountains Theory,”take the coordinated functions of environmental and traditional legal departments as the basis,and build a legal mechanism for the realization of the value of ecological products and services.

From Achilles to Childe Harold:the Transience of the Fate Outlook

Fate is always an eternal subject that many scholars, artists, critics and writers utilizing this vast and specific subject in their compositions. Therefore, in this text, people's views of fate will be analyzed from two typical characters:Achilles and Childe Harold, who are heroes in their times. Through their life tracks, this text will explore the ideal model of one's destiny in the specif-ic era, and from the economic development, social condition and cultural background, the reason or cause of these views will be traced and offer some enlightenment for what people should compose today.

Procurator:Laws Are the Ultimate Guardian for Delinquent Minors

＂I＇ll never forget what hap- pened that afternoon,＂ Peng Yan said, with a grave look. ＂A womancame with her daughter and told me that if the teenage girl didn＇t want to live anymore, neither did she.＂

The Study of the Image "Ark" in America

The images of "boat" and "ark" are often used as metaphors by all walks of life ranging from statesmen to the film makers in America.There are also many boats or arks in American society.From the Noah Ark in old times to the ark in the film 2012,they all play an important role,because they reflect the different trends of values,faith and ideology in different periods of America.Based on the three following texts:Old Testaments,Lifeboat Ethnic and 2012:Doomsday,it will reveal the values of materialism and pragmatism which are shown in contemporary American.

我国死因查明制度构建研究

目前我国死因查明相关规则存在主体不中立、程序封闭、范围不明、救济途径欠缺等问题;针对非正常死亡事件的调查及死因认定问题而建立专门的死因查明制度,对减少死因争议、防范冤假错案确有必要。结合我国司法制度现状及死因争议中的突出问题,参考世界范围内死因查明制度的先进经验,可在人民检察院设立死因查明委员会作为专门的死因查明部门,以明确的法律规则以规范死因查明程序适用范围、死亡调查、死因鉴定及死因认定程序等,保障当事人参与死因查明程序的权利,并在其对死因结论有异议时提供法律救济。

检察消费民事公益诉讼的范围调整与功能重塑

检察消费民事公益诉讼的功能发挥不彰,表现为预防性功能发挥不充分,恢复性功能被忽视,惩罚性功能受到刑事、行政责任的双重挤压。这一方面与《民事诉讼法》将检察消费民事公益诉讼限定在食品药品安全领域有关。随着立法、司法、执法等公共资源向食药领域的集中,该领域的制度机制趋于完善,处于补充性地位的公益诉讼发挥功能的空间必然受到限制。取消对检察消费民事公益诉讼的范围限制,有利于释放其制度空间。另一方面则涉及检察消费民事公益诉讼能否请求损害赔偿,还是仍然固守惩罚性赔偿的问题。检察消费民事公益诉讼的优势在于通过损害赔偿救济,维护由众多消费者个体利益构成的集合性公益,至于交易秩序与安全等抽象公益,则应主要通过刑事责任、行政责任予以维护,公益诉讼的惩罚性赔偿必要时应发挥补充性作用。

“鲶鱼效应”下检察去地方化改革的新思路

检察地方化是我国司法公正的一项顽疾。党的十八大以来,我国采取了一系列保障检察机关依法独立行使检察权的措施,但去地方化的省级以下人财物统管并没有完全落实,跨行政区划检察改革只是从两家试点扩展至全国试点,检察的“省级化”仍有待实现。铁路运输检察机关具有的“鲶鱼”特质使其能在检察去地方化中发挥更为积极的作用,而且其参与的跨行政区划检察改革本身具备法律基础和现实需求。不过,这项改革试点的新增管辖存在正当性疑问,诉讼体系限制了去地方化程度,现实中改革的顶层设计迟缓与基层动力不足并存,亟须解困。最高人民检察院应当借用铁路运输检察机关的“鲶鱼效应”,通过完善其管辖范围,并与地方检察机关在人财物上保持动态平衡,实现检察去地方化改革的有效推进。

协调与融合:民事检察公益诉讼时效问题研究

诉讼时效是法律对于当事人实体权利的保护期限,诉讼时效届满未提起诉讼,当事人便会承担不利的法律效果。对于诉讼时效制度规范是否涵摄检察机关提起的民事公益诉讼以及如何对其进行规定,文章通过对民事检察公益诉讼的性质进行探究,对检察机关进行定位,并结合诉讼时效相关理论、价值选择等,与传统一般民事诉讼的普通诉讼时效及特别诉讼时效相类比,对诉讼时效在我国民事检察公益诉讼中的适用性,以及如何对民事检察公益诉讼的诉讼时效作出规定进行探究,以求推动民事检察公益诉讼的进一步完善与发展。

数字检察的法律定位、运行逻辑及风险规制

数字检察的法律定位是法律监督。该定位是在不违背检察机关宪法地位的基础上,对社会发展的回应,对履职的自省,既与“四大检察”“十大业务”的架构相契合,也与《中共中央关于加强新时代检察机关法律监督工作的意见》对检察机关的定性保持一致。数据与监督各自的规律与准则要求数字检察既要遵循数据的规律性,也不可违背法律监督的准则,且后者起着决定性作用,这是数字检察的运行逻辑。数字检察为数据预测下的监督功能延伸提供了空间,但也带来技术至上、数据不安全、监督越界等潜在风险。为规制风险,必须实施规则之治,统筹推进技术赋能与制度规制。一方面提倡数字正义以促进制度理性,另一方面以保护数据法益实现数据安全,同时,坚持法定主义下的比例原则以厘清权力边界。

环境资源案件检察集中管辖的现实困境与优化路径

环境资源案件的特殊性对传统地方检察院属地管辖模式的公正和效率构成挑战,催生了跨行政区划检察院集中管辖模式。跨行政区划检察院集中管辖环境资源案件改革探索取得了阶段性成果,但仍面临跨行政区划检察院性质定位不明确、层级结构不完整、设点布局不合理的体制问题,集中管辖环境资源案件的范围不统一、办案机制不适配、机构衔接不顺畅的机制问题,体制、机制创新的组织法、程序法、实体法依据不健全的法制问题。应以理顺管理体制为基础,将跨行政区划检察院定位为新型综合派出检察院,构建三层级的组织体系,因地制宜进行设点布局。以完善运行机制为关键,推进环境资源案件集中管辖机制、归口办理机制、司法协作机制建设。以健全相关法制为保障,明确跨行政区划检察院集中管辖环境资源案件的组织法、诉讼法、生态环境法典依据。