Study on Body Form and Garment Size Series of the Middle Age and Aged People

This paper was designed to analyze on the data, which was obtained from 'National Physique Fitness Investigation Report (2000)'. In order to get the typical body form and figure type of the middle age and aged people, it was focused on the body form data of this group (age 40 - 60). After calculation and analyzing, the distinguishing feature of body form and the distribution of figure type were deduced. Finally, the re-classification of body form for Chinese middle age and aged people was suggested. It as also suggested that a new garment size series especially for the middle age and aged should be built to fit for these people. This conclusion would be useful and significant to design and production for clothing company, especially that who take the aged people as their target consumer.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Chocolate Market in Poland Between 2005-2012 With a Particular Emphasis on Consumers Aged 60 and over

The aim of this paper was to analyze and evaluate the chocolate market in Poland in years 2005-2012 with particular emphasis on older consumer purchasing and consumption behavior. In the study a secondary and primary data were used. Secondary data source was the literature, trade press, Internet publications, and the results of household budget. Primary data were obtained through a survey conducted among the participants of the University of the Third Age. The work turned out to increase the production of chocolate in Poland and increased competition in the sector as a result of changes in ownership. These changes were accompanied by increased consumption of chocolate. It was found that older consumers in their purchasing decisions are guided chiefly by the taste of chocolate, then a habit, brand/manufacturer, and price. Most of them prefer dark chocolate. Nearly half of respondents describe themselves as a reasonable consumer. Having this in mind the traditional assortment of chocolate next to innovative should be on market.

Research progress on the effects of phthalates on reproductive health of childbearing population and their offspring

The total fertility rate of women in childbearing age showed a downward trend in China.In addition to the age and genetic factors,environmental endocrine disruption can also impair fertility.The impact of increasing new environmental pollutants on the couples in childbearing age has become a research hotspot recently.Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)is a common plasticizer in plastic products,which is widely found in toys,food packaging,construction materials,electronic and medical components,personal care products,office and school supplies and other plastic packaging products,and is the main substance of environmental pollution.Multiple studies have shown that PAEs can not only cause environmental and water pollution,but also have a variety of toxic effects such as reproductive toxicity,genotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenesis.Therefore,its impact on human health,especially on reproductive health of people of reproductive age and their offspring,cannot be ignored.However,the current epidemiological study of PAEs and new alternatives in reproductive health population is still controversial,and the toxicity mechanism is still in the exploration stage.This article through to PAEs of parental generation,children(including embryo)of reproductive development and the influence of genetic toxicity research progress at home and abroad to do a review,aims to promote effective control measures for the establishment of PAEs pollutants rather than on reproductive health risk prediction,thus for PAEs of adverse reproductive outcomes of reproductive stage of people provide a scientific basis for precision control and guidance.

Historical Course Follows Climate Change: Patterns of the Northern Hemisphere — From Peoples’ Migration until the Industrial Revolution (3^rd-18^thCentury)

This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]. Its intention focuses on the correlation of interplaying natural processes (i.e. solar energy variation, aerosols, oceanic currents, volcanism as part of plate tectonics, heat flow) with social/political evidence through the time-span of Peoples’ Migration until Industrial Revolution (3rd-18th Century). The time-span comprises the cool/wet/respectively dry climate phase of the P.M. (260-550), a Climate Optimum (600-1.100 A.D.) owning a final Thermal Maximum (1.100-1.260 A.D.) and the “little Ice Age” (1.350-1.800 A.D.), the latter intercalated by the Spörer Minimum (1.460-1.550 A.D.) and the Maunder Minimum (1.650-1.720 A.D.). Thereby, an average temperature difference of 1.0°C - 2.0°C seems sufficient for incising climatic/cultural consequences [2]. It has become obvious that a Climate Optimum primarily provides constructive life conditions;however with a problematic final as the following “Effect-Chain” tells: balanced agricultural/cultural population growth → rich harvests → satisfying nourishment → health, encouragement → overpopulation under favorable materialistic conditions → increasing stress → lack of food, high prices → revolts → migration. In contrast, cool/wet/resp. dry conditions originate destructive/depressive conditions (see Peoples’ Migration) which initiate the following “Effect Chain”: bad agricultural conditions → poor/no harvesting → famine → disease, growing death rate → social, political revolts, wars → human cruelties with psychic/religious background (inquisition, witch-combustion → general chaos (30 yr-war) → death, migration (maritime endeavors, colonization). Furthermore, it should be stressed that volcanic aerosols play besides the solar influx variation—an important role on climate/cultural change [3]. However, the effects of oceanic currents’ heat flow of Mid-Oceanic Ridges and Hot Spots, as well as Earth-Magnetism and Sun/Earth Geometry are poorly understood in this context (Example: Iceland as hot spot situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge having been working since 40 Ma). The Chapter-introducing citations play a challenging role in regard to Science Criticism and touch the so-called 95% Confidence line (accepted realm of causal interrelation and according recommendation to Society [4]).

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Old-age Care Services in Russia

Through the analysis of the history and current situation of Russia＇s old-age care services system, this paper analyzes and studies the old-age care services system in Russia. By means of law and social policy, Russia can promote the active participation of the elderly in politics, economy, culture and other activities to promote the positive image of the elderly. The active aging policy in Russia and the development trend of the old-age care service to promote the social adaptation and re-employment of the elderly are of positive significance to the development of our country＇s old-age care service.

Willingness of People of Different Ages to Learn Online——Taking Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School as an Example

The method of statistical analysis is employed in this paper to research the interests of online cadre learners, including learners from administrative organizations directly governed by the provincial government, Zunyi city and the state-owned enterprises directly governed by the provincial government in 2011 through the courseware of Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School. The difference in willingness to study in this manner between people of differing ages is examined through data analysis.

Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Elderly Chinese Population in Shenyang of China

Objective The paper aims to evaluate the risk factors for age‐related macular degeneration （AMD） in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang,a northeast city of China.Methods A case‐control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of AMD.Ninety three AMD patients diagnosed by a complete ophthalmic examination were recruited as cases from the outpatient departments of two eye hospitals in Shenyang,while 108 normal subjects of similar age and sex were recruited as controls.A questionnaire was administered among both cases and controls.Results AMD patients aged 60 years and older accounted for 75.3%.There were significantly higher educational levels,shorter smoking history,less sunlight exposure and cataract,and higher proportion of antioxidants intake in controls than in AMD patients.The frequency of intake of fruits,legumes,fish and shrimps was significantly higher in controls than in AMD patients.In a binary logistic regression analysis,smoking and cataract were the risk factors for AMD （OR：4.44,95% CI：2.27‐8.69;OR：4.47,95% CI：2.26‐8.85 respectively）.The high educational background was a protective factor for AMD （OR：0.761,95% CI：0.51‐0.98）.Conclusion A low educational background,smoking and cataract are associated with a higher prevalence of AMD.

The Current Situation of the Reform on World Public Pension and Its Enlightenment to China

From a worldwide perspective, the proportion of the elderly in the total population is increasing. How to maintain the adequacy and financial sustainability of pension system will be a formidable challenge for all countries. Most OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries and many emerging market countries have reformed their pensions system. Structural reforms and parametric reforms are main reform measures. Meanwhile, employment promotion of the elderly and alleviating old age poverty are drawing much more attention. It can be concluded that , on the basis of empirical analysis of other countries' reforms and comparative analysis, China should combine measures of raising the retirement age with promoting the age management;and lower the poverty of older people to ensure that the elderly population can receive adequate retirement income;and extend the coverage of voluntary pension scheme to attract more labor force employed in informal sectors to participate in ,thus increasing retirement income eventually.

A cognitive function predicted method by Useful Field of View tests among elder people in Beijing

Objective:To analyze the visual functions of the elder people in China by Useful Field of View (UFOV) to verify performances in Chinese elders.Methods:A total of 90 participants aged 60 years or above were recruited from residents in the Jiade Senior Apartment and the Fuchengmen Public Health Community in Beijing.Participants completed three tests,Mini Mental State Examination (NMSE),Digit Span test and UFOV.We also tested the digit span and UFOV the following year.Results:The correlation between age and MMSE score was significant (r =-0.422,P <.001).Digit Span scores showed significant negative relationships for all three subtests (P <.01) between ages.The scores of UFOV test 1 showed a non-significant correlation with age,r =0.147,P >.1,while UFOV test 2 and UFOV test 3 showed significant positive relationships with ages,(both P <.01).Thirty-nine participants (out of 90) finished the digit span and UFOV the following year.Only UFOV test 3 has a significant differential performance between two years (t =-2.95,P <.01).We found UFOV tests showed the visual response capacity and had a strong correlation with ages (statistically significant).Conclusion:UFOV could be an effective way to evaluate cognitive ability in Chinese elderly people and the selective-attention test of UFOV may be a more sensitive measurement.

Serum Vitamin E Reference Intervals in a Black Congolese Population of Kinshasa

Context: Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and plays an important role in human reproduction. However, micronutrient deficiency is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for vitamin E in black Congolese people of childbearing age using an ELISA method to provide a reference for clinically assessing vitamin E status. Methods: A total of 127 healthy people between the ages of 20 and 42 who underwent check-ups were randomly selected for the study. ELISA method measured the level of vitamin E. The effect of gender on vitamin E level was assessed, and RI was established using a parametric approach. Results: Women showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E than men (p = 0.01). The RI of vitamin E in people of childbearing age was 3.71 to 13.72, 4.52 to 14.64, and 4.17 to 13.52 mg/L, respectively, for the whole population, women and men. Conclusion: Using an ELISA method, this study established RI for vitamin E in the black Congolese population of childbearing age. We also found that women had significantly higher vitamin E levels than men. The results could provide a scientific basis for interpreting vitamin status in people of childbearing age in our setting.

120例60岁以上老年人心电图特征研究

分析健康体检中60岁以上老年人常规心电图特征。选取2021年4月—2023年7月于安顺市西秀区妇幼保健院进行常规心电图检测的120例60岁以上老年人为研究对象。按照性别分为对照组与实验组,女性纳入对照组,男性纳入实验组,每组各60例,均接受心电图常规检测。比较两组老年人心电图正常与异常情况。结果显示,实验组心电图正常人数少于对照组(P<0.05),实验组心电图异常形式多于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,120例60岁以上老年人心电图比较中,女性心电图检测情况优于男性,女性异常情况少于男性。

建国60年中国高等教育历史变迁述评

1949年以后,中国高等教育进入了一个新的历史发展时期。60年来,中国高等教育经历了建国初期全面构建社会主义教育体系的仿苏时期、文革十年以毛泽东的教育理论发起的"教育革命"、改革开放30年高等教育快速发展的三个阶段的历史变迁。这些历史变迁给我国的高等教育体系和国人生活带来了深刻的影响。展望未来,中国高等教育需要摆脱功利性价值取向,确立大学的学术性,在此前提下,建构以学术为核心的大学内外部管理体制。

中国农村金融制度演化60年回顾

新中国成立六十年间,中国农村金融制度的变迁是在政府主导下渐进式推进的,演化过程明显具有其它经济制度"倒逼"的特性。"倒逼"的特征,虽然保证了中央工业化、地方工业化、新农村建设和和谐社会的构建等目标的渐趋实现,确保了社会和国民经济的平稳发展,但对广大农村地区来说,却延缓了农村现代化、市场化的进程,增加了农村金融改革的成本。在今后农村金融制度的变迁中,我们要逐步由政府主导为主转向以市场为主、政府为辅的驱动机制,以克服农村金融制度变迁中的不足,避免出现问题后再治理的机制。

从《人民胜利万岁》到中华《复兴之路》——新中国舞蹈艺术发展60年感思

在新中国成立60周年国庆日前正式公演的大型音乐舞蹈史诗《复兴之路》,被认为是继《东方红》和《中国革命之歌》之后的第三部"史诗性"作品。其实,在新中国成立前夕演出的大歌舞《人民胜利万岁》,其所具有的"史诗性"品质可视为《东方红》的先声。纵观新中国舞蹈艺术辉煌发展的60年,就是我们的舞蹈家为建设新中国的人民文艺而奋斗的60年。事实上,从毛泽东"文艺为最广大的人民群众服务"到邓小平"人民是文艺工作者的母亲",从江泽民"在人民的历史创造中进行艺术的创造"到胡锦涛"文艺工作者要积极反映人民心声",从我们长期坚持的"二为"方向到新近倡导的"三贴近"原则,都明确说明"人民文艺"的理念是我们优秀舞蹈艺术作品的生命之源和精神之光。客观上,新中国舞蹈艺术在60年间的发展也并非一帆风顺。但回望这段经历可以清楚地看到,尘埃落定而光彩依然的舞作必定来自生活沃壤的馈赠,岁月逝去而青春永驻的舞人也必定来自扎根生活的信念。有人说,舞剧是舞蹈艺术的最高体现。其实,除了苏联时期在相当长一个时段内比较重视舞剧艺术之外,目前世界范围内还没有哪个国家有中国在新时期所诞生的这么数量众多而又精彩纷呈的舞剧作品。暂且不论我们的舞剧创作之间存在多大差别,仅仅目前这所有的舞剧创作作品,就是我们舞蹈家共同贡献给这个伟大时代的巨大艺术成果和精神财富。

新中国60年学位与研究生教育流变

新中国60年来,我国学位与研究生教育在对传统的继承和超越的基础上,从小到大,从弱到强,逐步推进。纵观60年的变迁,我国学位与研究生教育改革和发展始终坚持提高质量这一基本主题,在政府主导、学校主体、社会参与的共同努力下,本着人才培养、知识创新、社会服务的价值取向,开拓出一条渐进式制度变迁的改革路线。鉴往瞻来,学位与研究生教育发展还任重而道远。

不同生活方式对武陵山区60-69岁老年人体质综合评价的影响分析

以武陵山区60-69岁老年人为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、测试法和数理统计法对其睡眠时间、饮食习惯、居住场所和体育锻炼强度进行研究,以分析不同生活方式对武陵山区60-69岁老年人体质综合评价等级的影响,为改善武陵山区全民体质和健康水平的提供参考依据。结果显示:(1)睡眠时间为6-8h的老年人体质综合评分最好;(2)每周外出就餐次数少比经常外出就餐老年人的身体综合体质评分高;(3)经常进行体育锻炼且运动量适中的老年人体质综合评分高;(4)武陵山区乡村老年人体体质综合评分要比城市老年人高。合理的生活方式有利于体质健康发展。

怀化市60-69岁老年人身体素质对比分析

通过文献资料法、实验法、数据统计法对怀化市2005年与2010年国民体质监测数据中60-69岁老年人身体素质,包括力量、柔韧、平衡和灵敏素质加以研究分析,从各项指标的变化趋势了解怀化市60-69岁老年人2005年与2010年整体身体素质的动态变化.研究结果表明:怀化市2010年60-69岁老年人身体素质较2010年同龄老年人各项指标中,力量素质明显比2005年高;柔韧素质方面,2010年较2005年有所提升,但是没有显著变化,年龄越大柔韧素质越弱;60-69岁老年人的平衡素质随年龄增长而逐渐提高,同龄老年人2010年较高于2005整体水平;老年人的灵敏素质除64岁变化显著外,其他年龄无显著变化.

建国60年来中国高等职业教育的回顾与展望

建国60年来,我国高等职业教育从无到有、由弱到强,经历了孕育产生、地位确立和类型形成三个发展阶段,实现了跨越式发展。当前,高等职业教育在经济社会发展中的地位更加突出,体系更趋完善,发展呈现区域化、国际化和终身化趋势。技术与职业培训将成为高等职业教育的第四大功能,技术服务体系建设将是高等职业院校未来发展的战略重点。

建国60年来我国高职教育的回顾与展望

建国60年来,我国高职教育从无到有,从弱到强,经历了孕育产生、地位确立和类型确立三个发展阶段,实现了跨越式发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就。回顾我国高职教育60来年产生和发展的历程,展望未来发展的趋势,对于当前的高职教育教学改革具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。

新中国成立60年来我国兽医防疫科技事业成就辉煌

回顾了新中国成立60年来,我国兽医防疫科技水平逐步提高,应对突发新的重大动物传染病的快速反应和疾病预防控制能力显著增强,消灭或有效控制了一些长期危害我国的重大动物传染病,兽用疫苗研究开发能力显著增强,取得丰硕成果,动物防控体系和人员队伍进一步健全完备,总结了60年来我国兽医科技事业的辉煌成就。