The aim of the study was to examine microorganisms in samples of fer<span style="font-family:;" "="">mented milk beverage and water from dairy under state inspection. In a dairy located ...The aim of the study was to examine microorganisms in samples of fer<span style="font-family:;" "="">mented milk beverage and water from dairy under state inspection. In a dairy located in the Rec<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>ncavo of Bahia, fifteen samples of fermented milk beverage were <span>collected, corresponding to three different batches, and six water samples</span>, two from each point of use in the industry: Point 1</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">—<span>Sanitary barrier;Point <span>2</span></span><span>—<span>Internal faucet for cleaning surfaces and utensils;Point 3</span>—<span>Drinking</span></span><span> fountain for employees. All samples were submitted to microbiological research of total coliforms, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. In the water samples, there was also quantification of heterotrophic bacteria and analysis of free residual chlorine. The fermented milk beverage samples did not show growth of total coliforms, <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. With regard to water, no sample showed measurable levels of free residual chlorine, while in the microbiolog<span>ical analysis the count of heterotrophic bacteria in the drinking water exceeded the limit established by legislation (5.6 </span></span><span>×<span> 10<sup>2</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>). In addition, the water from the sanitary barrier revealed total coliforms above the allowed</span></span><span> <span>value (1.3 </span></span><span>× <span>10<sup>1</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>100 mL<sup>-1</sup>) and showed contamination by <i>Aeromonas</i></span></span><span> spp. (7.0 </span>×<span> 10<sup>1</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>). Thus, it can be inferred that, although t<span>he fermented milk beverage did not present the investigated microorganisms, the </span><span>water used by the industry showed microbial contamination, and </span><span>due to its participation in the entire production process, water quality control is extremely important to prevent contamination of the food </span><span>handler and the</span><span> final product, preventing the spread of diseases and harm to public health.</span></span></span>展开更多
The blend fibers of acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride-sodium methallysulfonate copolymer(AN-VDC-SMAS) and cellulose acetate (CA) with various blend ratios were investigated bymeans of SEM, DDV, WAXD, etc. The results ...The blend fibers of acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride-sodium methallysulfonate copolymer(AN-VDC-SMAS) and cellulose acetate (CA) with various blend ratios were investigated bymeans of SEM, DDV, WAXD, etc. The results show that AN-VDC-SMAS and CA areincompatibale; the numerous microvoids in the blend fiber resulted from the phase seperationcan remarkably improve the water absorbability and the dyeing behavior but hardly influencethe mechanical properties. On the other hand, the crystal structure of the continuous phaseAN-VDC-SMAS is not influnced by the dispersed phase CA.展开更多
The area of interest is located in the South Moravia Region at the confluence of the Jihlava, Oslava and Rokytn^i rivers. Ivan^ice spring area comprises a series of hydrologic boreholes, it is the main water source fo...The area of interest is located in the South Moravia Region at the confluence of the Jihlava, Oslava and Rokytn^i rivers. Ivan^ice spring area comprises a series of hydrologic boreholes, it is the main water source for water supply of Ivan^ice and Rosice towns and provides water for 30,000 inhabitants. The risk analysis was created on the basis of water quality monitoring, hydrogeological assessment and terrain exploration and a revision of protection zones was proposed. The spring area is situated in nitrate vulnerable zones and recently nitrate concentrations have been decreasing. Water quality evaluation results： high concentration of manganese and iron, sometimes higher concentration of ammonium and COD. This area is intensively used for agriculture and it is necessary to make a compromise solution during protection zones proposal, The regime in protection zones can not affect manganese and iron concentration （their origin is in the natural geological environment）. Therefore, water treatment plant is in operation and its modernization is proposed. Furthermore, the paper deals with spring area intensification construction of a new hydrologic borehole, and managed and unmanaged infiltration of surface water. The proposal of protection zones revision consists of reduction to a 2nd level protection zone.展开更多
The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitu...The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.展开更多
After setting a mixed formulation for the propagation of linearized water waves problem,we define its spectral element approximation.Then,in order to take into account unbounded domains,we construct absorbing perfectl...After setting a mixed formulation for the propagation of linearized water waves problem,we define its spectral element approximation.Then,in order to take into account unbounded domains,we construct absorbing perfectly matched layer for the problem.We approximate these perfectly matched layer by mixed spectral elements and show their stability using the“frozen coefficient”technique.Finally,numerical results will prove the efficiency of the perfectly matched layer compared to classical absorbing boundary conditions.展开更多
Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating...Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.展开更多
文摘The aim of the study was to examine microorganisms in samples of fer<span style="font-family:;" "="">mented milk beverage and water from dairy under state inspection. In a dairy located in the Rec<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ô</span>ncavo of Bahia, fifteen samples of fermented milk beverage were <span>collected, corresponding to three different batches, and six water samples</span>, two from each point of use in the industry: Point 1</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">—<span>Sanitary barrier;Point <span>2</span></span><span>—<span>Internal faucet for cleaning surfaces and utensils;Point 3</span>—<span>Drinking</span></span><span> fountain for employees. All samples were submitted to microbiological research of total coliforms, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. In the water samples, there was also quantification of heterotrophic bacteria and analysis of free residual chlorine. The fermented milk beverage samples did not show growth of total coliforms, <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. With regard to water, no sample showed measurable levels of free residual chlorine, while in the microbiolog<span>ical analysis the count of heterotrophic bacteria in the drinking water exceeded the limit established by legislation (5.6 </span></span><span>×<span> 10<sup>2</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>). In addition, the water from the sanitary barrier revealed total coliforms above the allowed</span></span><span> <span>value (1.3 </span></span><span>× <span>10<sup>1</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>100 mL<sup>-1</sup>) and showed contamination by <i>Aeromonas</i></span></span><span> spp. (7.0 </span>×<span> 10<sup>1</sup> CFU<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">.</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>). Thus, it can be inferred that, although t<span>he fermented milk beverage did not present the investigated microorganisms, the </span><span>water used by the industry showed microbial contamination, and </span><span>due to its participation in the entire production process, water quality control is extremely important to prevent contamination of the food </span><span>handler and the</span><span> final product, preventing the spread of diseases and harm to public health.</span></span></span>
文摘The blend fibers of acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride-sodium methallysulfonate copolymer(AN-VDC-SMAS) and cellulose acetate (CA) with various blend ratios were investigated bymeans of SEM, DDV, WAXD, etc. The results show that AN-VDC-SMAS and CA areincompatibale; the numerous microvoids in the blend fiber resulted from the phase seperationcan remarkably improve the water absorbability and the dyeing behavior but hardly influencethe mechanical properties. On the other hand, the crystal structure of the continuous phaseAN-VDC-SMAS is not influnced by the dispersed phase CA.
文摘The area of interest is located in the South Moravia Region at the confluence of the Jihlava, Oslava and Rokytn^i rivers. Ivan^ice spring area comprises a series of hydrologic boreholes, it is the main water source for water supply of Ivan^ice and Rosice towns and provides water for 30,000 inhabitants. The risk analysis was created on the basis of water quality monitoring, hydrogeological assessment and terrain exploration and a revision of protection zones was proposed. The spring area is situated in nitrate vulnerable zones and recently nitrate concentrations have been decreasing. Water quality evaluation results： high concentration of manganese and iron, sometimes higher concentration of ammonium and COD. This area is intensively used for agriculture and it is necessary to make a compromise solution during protection zones proposal, The regime in protection zones can not affect manganese and iron concentration （their origin is in the natural geological environment）. Therefore, water treatment plant is in operation and its modernization is proposed. Furthermore, the paper deals with spring area intensification construction of a new hydrologic borehole, and managed and unmanaged infiltration of surface water. The proposal of protection zones revision consists of reduction to a 2nd level protection zone.
文摘The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.
文摘After setting a mixed formulation for the propagation of linearized water waves problem,we define its spectral element approximation.Then,in order to take into account unbounded domains,we construct absorbing perfectly matched layer for the problem.We approximate these perfectly matched layer by mixed spectral elements and show their stability using the“frozen coefficient”technique.Finally,numerical results will prove the efficiency of the perfectly matched layer compared to classical absorbing boundary conditions.
基金This study was partially funded by UNDP Grant:BOL/118208(“Laboratorios de Recuperación Temprana”),a study led by Fundación para Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano(www.fcbc.org.bo)to determine forest patches requiring post-fire assisted recovery in the aftermath of 2019 wildfires in Santa Cruz,Bolivia:“Plan Estratégico para la Restauración de lasÁreas Afectadas por los Incendios en el 2019”.
文摘Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.
