Cultural Crisis in Rural Areas and Its Influence upon Revolutions in China in the Process of Modernization

The process of modernization accelerates the decline of the rural areas in China pausing malignant changes of the rural culture,such as lack of education and religious chaos and so on.Such cultural crisis in rural areas results in incredibility of the public power.As a social class farmers are marginalized.On the contrary,the decline of the rural culture provides the possibility of the rooting of the revolutionary ideas.Led and influenced by the Communist Party of China farmers become the principal part of modernization and revolution and the major driving force and hard core of the new- democratic revolution,having great effect upon the direction of China's modern history.

Exosomes derived from 3D-cultured MSCs improve therapeutic effects in periodontitis and experimental colitis and restore the Th17 cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontium

Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis,their drawbacks,such as low yield and limited efficacy,have hampered their clinical application.These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system.However,the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture(3D-exos)in periodontitis remains elusive.This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture(2D-exos),3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17(Th17)cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues.Mechanistically,3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246,which can suppress the expression of Nfat5,a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner.Furthermore,we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis.Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis,the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis,but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

Analyses and Prediction of the Suitable Culture Period of Laver along the Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] The study aimed to analyze and predict the suitable period of laver along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province. [ Method ] TO enhance the ability of meteorology to service laver culture, using the modern weather forecast technology, agricultural weather prediction was de- veloped according to the demands for meteorological conditions during laver production. [ Result] From south to north, there were certain differ- ences in the suitable periods of laver culture, breeding and harvesting, with slight variations. The forecast of the first and last days of certain water temperature could provide scientific references for the meteorological service of laver culture, and the service effect became better after it was modi- fied with the aid of the medium-term and long-term weather prediction. [ Conclusion] The research can offer theoretical bases for the culture of laver along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province.

Natural Disasters of the Lower Reaches of Yellow River during the Longshan Period——The Natural Background of Dayu's Flood Control

It is very important to study the archaeological culture and origin of civilization in ancient China.The changes of the channels in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the prehistoric period are part of the natural environmental background of the development of the ancient civilization in that area to be explored.This paper presents a series of legends,indications,scientific evidence,and macroscopic geographical background information of the evolution in the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the Longshan period.At first the river flowed from Northern Henan and Hebei to southwestern Shandong Province and Northern Anhui–Jiangsu provinces,and the mainstream of the Yellow River changed from the southeast to return to the north and flowed into the Bohai Sea in the late Longshan Period.During this period,floods were frequent.Various ethnic groups in the northern China plains suffered natural disasters and made great migrations which also contributed to the ethnic exchanges and integration.The people of the Central Plains made more dynamic adjustments in the relationship between mankind and the land by primitively escaping from the water and self–defensively controlling the rivers then to maintaining the local ecological environment by large–scale flood control measures,which promoted the settlement of Shandong,Henan,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces,the urban cultural development,and social evolution.Based on these events,the culture symbol of Dayu's Flood Control could be formed.

Climate Change, Geopolitics, and Human Settlements in the Hexi Corridor over the Last 5,000 Years

Social responses to climate change over human history have been widely discussed in academia over the last two decades. However, the transformation of the human–environment nexus crossing prehistoric and historic periods and the processes associated with it are not yet clearly understood. In this study, based on published works on radiocarbon dating, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, and archaeological sites, together with a synthesis of historical documents and highresolution paleoclimatic records, we trace the extent to which human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor in northwestern China evolved in conjunction with climate change over the last 5,000 years. A total of 129 Neolithic, 126 Bronze Age, and 1,378 historical sites in the Hexi Corridor(n=1,633) were surveyed. Our results show that, in the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods(~2800–100 BC), climate change contributed to the transformation of subsistence strategies and the subsequent changes in human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor. The warm-humid climate in ~2800–2000 BC promoted millet agriculture and helped the Majiayao, Banshan, and Machang Cultures to flourish. The cold-dry climate in ~2000–100 BC resulted in the divergence and transformation of subsistence strategies in the Xichengyi–Qijia–Siba and Shajing–Shanma Cultures and in a shift in their settlement patterns. However, in the historical period(121 BC–AD 1911), human settlement patterns were primarily determined by geopolitics related to the alternating rule of regimes and frequent wars, especially in the Sui–Tang dynasties. We also find that trans-Eurasian cultural exchange since ~2000 BC improved social resilience to climate change in the Hexi Corridor, mediating the human–environment nexus there. Our findings may provide insights into how human societies reacted to climate change in arid and semi-arid environments over the long term.

The Political Leadership of Mao Zedong

This paper presents an analysis of the former Chinese Communist Party leader Chairman Mao Zedong’s political career(reigned 1949–1976),with regard to his success and failures.Mao was one of the most prominent Communist theoreticians who governed a quarter of humankind for a quarter of a century.His political philosophy,particularly his Method of Leadership,focusing on the“masses”is discussed here.The analytical arguments are centered on three phases of his leadership:The rise,the apex,and the fall.In the first phase,the paper attributes his victory before 1949 to his profound understanding of Chinese peasants.In the second phase,it elaborates on his successful method of leadership in the early 1950s.And in the third and last phase,it criticizes his disastrous political movements,particularly the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution,from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s.The study hopes to offer an objective and a balanced view of Chairman Mao,who had a complex personality and was a highly controversial figure in human history.The article also wishes to help readers gain a better understanding of China’s top leader in recent history,and how China came to be what it is today.

When Tomorrow Comes:The Present and the Future of Advertising

The aim is to analyse the present and the possible future of the concept of advertising.The present concept is more related to the fact that marketers moved from a product focus to a sales focus,and now to eventually a relationship focus.The future concept is related to the growing customization of strategies based on the nature of the product category and the life-cycle stage of the product and the customers in the context of the development of the convergence culture,the experience economy and the new technologies connected to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The Rise of Hunan

HUNAN is a province with a long history,rich culture,wonderful natural scenery and fast developing economy.On top of that,Hunan is also a place with a glorious history of revolution under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).In connection with its rich revolutionary past or“red history”(since the color red represents revolution in China),there are many revolutionary historical sites throughout the province,where revolutionaries like Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi fought to bring liberation and a brighter future for the Chinese people.

Connotations and Internal Cultural Meanings of Chinese Jade in Chu Culture at Pre-Qin Period

The thesis conducts its analysis fromthe perspective of cultural characteristics of Chu state of Pre-Qin period in ancient China.The culture of Chu,usually focusing on ceremony sacrifice and several other activities,presents unique characteristics of the development of Chinese society and culture.Actually,the jade artifact at that time shows cultural features both at artistic and spiritual level and bears prominent cultural connotations like national spirit of solemnness and generosity.Chinese jade of Chu state of Pre-Qin period due to its abundant cultural connotations and meanings,poses to be an essential element of traditional Chinese culture,which shows artistic and national features of traditional jade culture and can directly influence development of modern society and culture.

Review on Polysystem Theory in Translation Studies

This article gives an adequate observation and analysis of polysystem theory,one of the most influential schools in translation studies put forward by Itamar Even - Zohar and developed by Gideon Toury,and discusses its application to Chinese translation phenomena in certain historical periods.

先秦时期生态文化述论

先秦时期是中华民族的先民在中华大地上筚路蓝缕、开疆扩土、探索生态环境并协调人与自然关系的早期阶段。在该阶段,中华大地优越的生境保证了先民的稳态延续,而先民在与纷繁的自然环境互动的同时也创造了灿烂的生态文化。如钻木取火和刀耕火种提高了生计水平,治水保卫了生境安全,历法和节气提高了人们对自然规律的掌握,生态保护律法减小了对环境的破坏力度,专门的生态论著则使生态保护上升到哲学的高度等。而其中蕴含的敬畏自然、艰苦探索、遵德循礼、居安思危的生态理念维护了先秦时期人与自然的和谐共生。这些生态文化尽管历史久远,但是仍对我国新时代生态文明建设留下了宝贵的精神财富,赋予了诸多参考和借鉴的意义。

论“三个务必”的生成逻辑、理论特质与实践指向

在党的二十大报告中,习近平总书记首次提出“三个务必”。“三个务必”的提出既是党领导人民站起来、富起来、强起来的必然趋势,同时也是顺应实现第二个百年奋斗目标新征程的发展趋势。“三个务必”内涵丰富、逻辑严密、彼此呼应,彰显出新时代建设社会主义现代化强国过程中,中国共产党人的奋斗目标、动力源泉、作风修养、精神面貌的集中统一。“三个务必”是中国共产党人牢记初心使命的重要体现,凸显了百年大党对理想信念的执着坚守、慎终如始的忧患意识和永不懈怠的进取精神。“三个务必”孕育于党的百年奋斗征程之中,形成于新时代取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革之中,既昭示出中国共产党人勇于自我革命的胆识和魄力,又体现了百年大党常戒常新的优良作风,是新时代新征程中国共产党走好新的赶考之路的重要遵循。“三个务必”映射出百年大党对于执政规律、党的建设规律的深刻认识,对于面向第二个百年奋斗目标新征程上全党统一思想、统一意志、统一行动,在成绩面前保持清醒和坚定,在困难面前敢于斗争、善于斗争,推进中国式现代化行稳致远具有重大的历史意义和现实价值。

艺术考古视角下的仰韶文化半坡类型分期

艺术考古依据艺术发展的一般规律展开研究,在分期研究上可以形成不同于考古类型学的新的认识。从该视角出发重新审视仰韶文化半坡类型的彩陶材料,根据其彩陶纹饰的先后发展序列以及纹饰风格的发展规律,可以重建半坡类型的发展阶段(将姜寨一期的文化特征视为半坡类型的开始),并由此揭示仰韶文化早期各个阶段的文化特征。艺术考古方法作为一种新的研究手段,更关注艺术图像和风格的变化及其关联因素,有助于深入理解史前社会的性质和文化特性。

社会主义革命和建设时期(1949—1976)中国观演建筑外部形态特征研究

在社会主义革命和建设时期(1949—1976),新中国完成了从“农业大国”到“工业大国”的历史巨变。这其中,观演建筑作为承载这一时期群众生活文化建设的物质载体,见证了其中的历史思潮发展,并直观体现在其外部形态特征上。该文拟通过文献查阅厘清全国观演建筑分布特征,并进一步从构图形式和风格特征两个方面对其外部形态特征展开研究,分析其不同形式背后的特定内涵与文化,既为当下建筑设计的多元化语境提供历史依据,也为相关部门对这一特定时期的历史建筑评价提供参考依据。