Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Personalized Perioperative Care for a Patient with a 10-Year-Old Postpartum Old Thrombus after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and has become the main cause threatening women’s health. A case of breast cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was discharged after active treatment and nursing.

Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being.By merely broadening the setpoint of indoor temperatures,we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning systems.In recent years,there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management(PTM),aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings,clothing,and skin.The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering.An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management(PRTM),which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation.However,it is less taken into account in traditional textiles,and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM.In this review,we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM.Specifically,we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms,fabrication methods of textiles,and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities,including radiative cooling,radiative heating,and dual-mode thermoregulation.Furthermore,we will shine a light on the current hurdles,propose potential strategies,and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.

Enhancing Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification with the Minimal Transfer Cost Framework

In Unsupervised Domain Adaptation(UDA)for person re-identification(re-ID),the primary challenge is reducing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains.This can be achieved by implicitly or explicitly constructing an appropriate intermediate domain to enhance recognition capability on the target domain.Implicit construction is difficult due to the absence of intermediate state supervision,making smooth knowledge transfer from the source to the target domain a challenge.To explicitly construct the most suitable intermediate domain for the model to gradually adapt to the feature distribution changes from the source to the target domain,we propose the Minimal Transfer Cost Framework(MTCF).MTCF considers all scenarios of the intermediate domain during the transfer process,ensuring smoother and more efficient domain alignment.Our framework mainly includes threemodules:Intermediate Domain Generator(IDG),Cross-domain Feature Constraint Module(CFCM),and Residual Channel Space Module(RCSM).First,the IDG Module is introduced to generate all possible intermediate domains,ensuring a smooth transition of knowledge fromthe source to the target domain.To reduce the cross-domain feature distribution discrepancy,we propose the CFCM Module,which quantifies the difficulty of knowledge transfer and ensures the diversity of intermediate domain features and their semantic relevance,achieving alignment between the source and target domains by incorporating mutual information and maximum mean discrepancy.We also design the RCSM,which utilizes attention mechanism to enhance the model’s focus on personnel features in low-resolution images,improving the accuracy and efficiency of person re-ID.Our proposed method outperforms existing technologies in all common UDA re-ID tasks and improves the Mean Average Precision(mAP)by 2.3%in the Market to Duke task compared to the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods.

The Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Older Europeans’ Physical Health

Investigating the role of Big Five personality traits in relation to various health outcomes has been extensively studied. The impact of “Big Five” on physical health is here explored for older Europeans with a focus on examining age groups differences. The study sample included 378,500 respondents derived from the seventh data wave of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The physical health status of older Europeans was estimated by constructing an index considering the combined effect of well-established health indicators such as the number of chronic diseases, mobility limitations, limitations with basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and self-perceived health. This index was used for an overall physical health assessment, for which the higher the score for an individual, the worst health level. Then, through a dichotomization process applied to the retrieved Principal Component Analysis scores, a two-group discrimination (good or bad health status) of SHARE participants was obtained as regards their physical health condition, allowing for further con-structing logistic regression models to assess the predictive significance of “Big Five” and their protective role for physical health. Results showed that neuroti-cism was the most significant predictor of physical health for all age groups un-der consideration, while extraversion, agreeableness and openness were not found to significantly affect the self-reported physical health levels of midlife adults aged 50 up to 64. Older adults aged 65 up to 79 were more prone to open-ness, whereas the oldest old individuals aged 80 up to 105 were mainly affected by openness and conscientiousness. .

Modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites on host-microbiota interactions:personalized therapeutics outlook

A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota.These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and illnesses.Any biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human diseases.Plant metabolites are continually being used to treat various illnesses.These metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human diseases.Despite the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions,a comprehensive overview of the modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites in host-microbiota interactions is lacking.The current review puts an effort into comprehending the role of medicinal plants in gut microbiota modulation to mitigate various human illnesses.It would develop a holistic understanding of hostmicrobiota interactions and the role of effectors in health and diseases.

On the“News Exception”in Personal Information Protection

Protection of personal information is a significant issue in the construction of legal systems in various countries in the information age.Introducing a balanced approach for protecting personal information is an important goal of basic human rights protection and data legislation.Personal information protection involves comprehensive considerations among various values,and the balanced structure between personal information rights and other rights systems has become the key to legislation on personal information protection.The“news exception”is a prominent example representing the balanced structure of personal information protection.As a societal instrument,news not only pursues commercial value but also advocates freedom of expression and public value.There exists a natural tension between news and personal information protection.The“news exception”of the balanced structure has become a fundamental requirement and important connotation for constructing a system for protecting personal information.The balanced structure of the“news exception”requires a reasonable definition of the concept and purpose of news,and both the self-discipline within the news industry and the judicial intervention are necessary factors.China has preliminarily completed the top-level legislative design of personal information protection through laws such as the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.However,the balanced mechanism of the“news exception”has not yet been fully established in China.A“news exception”based on the ideas of balance and the improvement of the institutional system is the fundamental principle for the development of China’s personal information protection system.

The Dynamic System Theory of Legal Protection for Personal Information Rights Infringement

The advent of the big data era has presented unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessment,and liability.Traditional tort law is unable to provide a robust response for these challenges,which severely hinders human rights protection in the digital society.The dynamic system theory represents a third path between fixed constitutive elements and general clauses.It both overcomes the rigidity of the“allor-nothing”legal effect evaluation mechanism of the“element-effect”model and avoids the uncertainty of the general clause model.It can effectively enhance the flexibility of the legal system in responding to social changes.In light of this,it is necessary to construct a dynamic foundational evaluation framework for personal information infringement under the guidance of the dynamic system theory.By relying on the dynamic interplay effect of various foundational evaluation elements,this framework can achieve a flexible evaluation of the constitutive elements of liability and the legal effects of liability for personal information infringement.Through this approach,the crisis of personal information infringement in the era of big data can be mitigated,and the realization of personal information rights as digital human rights can be promoted.

The Effect of Personalized Comprehensive Care on the Nursing Care of Severe Pneumonia Patients

Objective:To explore the value of receiving personalized comprehensive care for patients with severe pneumonia.Methods:73 patients with severe pneumonia who visited the clinic from February 2020 to February 2023 were included in this study.The patients were randomly grouped into Group A and Group B.Group A received personalized comprehensive care whereas Group B received conventional care.The value of care was compared.Results:The duration of mechanical ventilation time,the time taken for fever and dyspnea relief,and the hospitalization time of Group A were shorter than those in Group B(P<0.05).The blood gas indexes such as PaO_(2),PaCO_(2),and blood pH of Group A were better than those of Group B(P<0.05).The pulmonary function indexes such as peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced vital capacity(FVC),and forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV_(1))of Group A were better than those of Group B,P<0.05.Moreover,the patients in Group A were generally more satisfied with the care given compared to the patients in Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Personalized comprehensive care improves blood gas indexes,enhances lung function,accelerates the relief of symptoms,and also enhances patient satisfaction in severe pneumonia patients.

Taxation Models and Improvement Proposals for Personal Income Tax in the Sharing Economy

As an innovative economic model,the sharing economy has seen rapid growth globally in recent years.It has not only brought a profound impact on traditional economies but also injected new vitality and momentum into the sustainable development of the social economy.However,for the sharing economy,the process of collecting personal income tax is facing several issues,such as the ambiguity of tax policies regarding personal income,challenges in identifying taxpayers,and difficulties in defining income.To achieve the fairness and efficiency of personal income tax collection in the sharing economy,this study proposes optimized regulatory mechanisms and conducts in-depth discussions on the adjustment of personal income tax policies,innovation in tax management technology,and improvement in the quality of personal income tax services.

Hierarchical Media Ethics in the Digital Age: An Analysis of the “Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris” Incident

In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore the ethical controversies surrounding the dissemination of this event.By adopting a hierarchical media ethics perspective,the paper dynamically examines the ethical conduct of various communicators,elucidates the ethical responsibilities of each party involved,and reveals the complexity of communication ethics in the digital age.

Who Benefits More from Physical Exercise?On the Relations between Personality,Physical Exercise,and Well-Being

Although employers believe that encouraging and supporting physical exercise activities by purchasing fitness equipment and building sports venues can improve employees’well-being,the utilization rate is rather low.Since most of the evidence of the well-being promotion in the workplace concentrated on the perspectives of organizational factors and psychosocial factors and focused on the reduction of the negative affect of well-being,it is still an open question whether physical exercise has benefits on both negative and positive affect of well-being and who benefits more from physical exercise.Thus,the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of physical exercise on occupational well-being(job burnout and work engagement)and examine whether effectiveness depends on personality traits.Online questionnaires were distributed.The sample included 671 participants from different enterprises in China.Results showed that the effectiveness of physical exercise was also applicable to well-being in the workplace.Physical exercise was negatively correlated with job burnout and positively correlated with work engagement.The effectiveness was different among employees with different personality traits.Contrary to our expectation,individuals with neuroticism were more likely to improve their work engagement through physical exercise.Extroversion and conscientiousness weakened the benefits of physical exercise.Therefore,differences of effectiveness among different personality traits emphasize the need for a more personalized strategy in physical exercise interventions.

The moderating role of NTSR1 polymorphisms on personality and coping styles among breast cancer patients

Background:Some personality traits could be a predictor for coping styles.The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between personality traits and coping mechanisms in the context of gene regulation among breast cancer patients.Material and methods:This cross-sectional study was performed in 2021.A total of 200 breast cancer patients were included in this study.Data were collected using the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ)and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC).And individuals’blood was tested for genotype.Results:The findings indicated that there existed an inverse relationship between extraversion and negative coping style while also demonstrating a significant association between extraversion and positive coping style.Neuroticism was positively correlated with negative coping style but negatively with positive coping style.The SNP of NTSR1 only moderated the relationship between neuroticism and negative coping styles in breast cancer patients.Conclusion:The present investigation delves into the correlation between personality traits and coping mechanisms at the molecular level in breast cancer patients.

Research on Residents’Willingness to Protect Privacy in the Context of the Personal Information Protection Law:A Survey Based on Foshan Residents’Data

The Personal Information Protection Law,as the first law on personal information protection in China,hits the people’s most concerned,realistic and direct privacy and information security issues,and plays an extremely important role in promoting the development of the digital economy,the legalization of socialism with Chinese characteristics and social public security,and marks a new historical development stage in the protection of personal information in China.However,the awareness of privacy protection and privacy protection behavior of the public in personal information privacy protection is weak.Based on the literature review and in-depth understanding of current legal regulations,this study integrates the relevant literature and theoretical knowledge of the Personal Protection Law to construct a conceptual model of“privacy information protection willingness-privacy information protection behavior”.Taking the residents of Foshan City as an example,this paper conducts a questionnaire survey on their attitudes toward the Personal Protection Law,analyzes the factors influencing their willingness to protect their privacy and their behaviors,and explores the mechanisms of their influencing variables,to provide advice and suggestions for promoting the protection of privacy information and building a security barrier for the high-quality development of public information security.

多主体协同开发社区教育课程的PERSONAL模式探索——基于“我爱我家”的个案研究

通过对“我爱我家”这一社区自发课程的跟踪调查,发现社区自发课程开发实质上是一个组织学习过程,经过个体直觉、知识解释、知识整合等环节实现组织的制度化学习,在推动学习型无边界组织生成的同时,生成社区教育课程。在这一过程中,政策(policies)支持、专家(expert)指导、区域需求和区域特征(regional)、社区系统(system)、组织化(organization)等多要素叠加发挥作用,通过不断拓展新鲜(new)领域的积极行动(action)整合所有资源,并推动跨越边界的学习(learning)贯穿始终。因此,多主体协同的社区自发课程可以不完全地概括为PERSONAL模式。要以PERSONAL模式发展社区自发课程,需要以学习者为中心,注重发展人际互动,营造有利于跨组织交互学习的教育生态系统。

The Futility of Willy's Philosophy of Personal Attractiveness in Death of a Salesman

Arthur Miller's masterpiece Death of a Salesman is a very clear attack on the American success myth.The most dominant theme running throughout the play is Willy Loman's philosophy of personal attractiveness and its doomed futility.This philosophy not only brings failure to Willy's career but also destruction to Willy's family members.

Therapeutic potential of exosome-based personalized delivery platform in chronic inflammatory diseases

In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.

The personal protective equipment(PPE)based on individual combat:A systematic review and trend analysis

With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce casualties and maintain military combat effectiveness,is widely developed.This paper systematically reviewed various PPE based on individual combat through literature research and comprehensive discussion,and introduced in detail the latest application progress of PPE in terms of material and technology from three aspects:individual integrated protection system,traditional protection equipment,and intelligent protection equipment,respectively,and discussed in depth the functional improvement and optimization status brought by advanced technology for PPE,focusing on the achievements of individual equipment technology application.Finally,the problems and technical bottlenecks in the development of PPE were analyzed and summarized,and the development trend of PPE were pointed out.The results of the review will provide a forward-looking reference for the current development of individual PPE,and are important guidance for the design and technological innovation of advanced equipment based on the future technological battlefield.

Estimating the Monetary Value of Hours Lost to the Nigerian Public Healthcare System When Full-Time Government Employee Doctors Engage in Dual Practice

Background: Dual Practice (DP) allows full-time public sector doctors to concurrently offer the same clinical services in the private sector. The debate against this practice seems to be largely influenced by its potential to reduce the contracted hours in the public sector and shift attention to private work. Purpose: The purpose of this secondary research is to estimate the monetary value of hours lost to the Nigerian public healthcare system when full-time government employee doctors are engaged in private practice. It attempts to quantify the amount of resource outflow from the public system due to absences and lateness arising from competition for time between the public system’s contracted hours and private practice. Methods: Sensitivity analysis in Excel 2010 was used to calculate doctors’ hourly pay in the public sector using the 2015 Consolidated Medical Salary Structure for medical and dental officers in Nigeria’s federal public service. The parameters used for the calculation were the official 40-hour working week and the average monthly gross pay of doctors on different grade levels. Hypothetical scenarios of hours lost due to absences associated with DP were created. The value of different hypothetical hour losses by the percentage of doctors assumed to engage in dual practice across all doctor grade levels was then computed. Results: The estimated annual value of hours lost from dual practice to a single public tertiary care hospital was N4,851,754 or 15,855 USD (best case scenario) and N19,407,017 or 63,422 USD (worst case scenario) for the normal routine work and N1,800,133 or 5883 USD (best case scenario) and N3,600,266 or 11,766 USD (worst case scenario) for the on-call duty. Conclusion: The government may have been paying salaries for large volumes of work not rendered in the public sector. The overall financial impact of dual practice in the Nigerian public system might be negative.

The Relationship between Mental Disorders and Personality of Outpatients in a Psychiatric Clinic in Nanjing, China

Psychosis has increasingly become a social problem,emphasizing the need to understand the relationship between mental disorders and personality.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental disorders and personality among psychiatric outpatients based on real-world data.Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)were used to evaluate the personality and psychopathological symptoms of patients(n=8409)in the Psychiatric Outpatient Department at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.t-test was used to compare scores between patients and national norms.Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to explore the relationship between mental health status and personality.The correlation coefficient between the neuroticism(N)score and each factor score of the SCL-90 test,as well as the correlation between psychoticism(P)and hostility and paranoia,exceeded 0.4.Path analysis revealed that the standardized path coefficients of N score and SCL-90 were all higher than 0.4.In addition,the standardized path coefficient of hostility and paranoia on P score were 0.313 and 0.280,respectively.Interpersonal sensitivity,depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were affected by extraversion(E)score,with standardized path coefficients of-0.149,-0.138,and-0.105,respectively.The path analysis also showed the direct and indirect effects of age,gender,education,and marital status on SCL-90.Patients characterized as melancholic had higher scores in all factors of SCL-90.In conclusion,mental health was related to personality traits of neuroticism,psychoticism and introversion.