On Mechanisms of Human Behavior： The ＂Mind Blindness Phenomenon＂ in Philosophy, Religion, Science, and Medicine

The phenomenon described here has no scientific title, but occurs frequently in daily living, from science to philosophy, religion, and medicine. In every field of human endeavor, when a view is expressed, sharp and profound differences of opinion ensue. Initially, we coin this phenomenon as ＂understanding blindness＂ or ＂mind＇s awareness.＂ Thereafter, we decide to refer to it as ＂mind blindness,＂ a concept introduced to science by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, who coins it for a cognitive disorder associated with autism, Asperger＇s syndrome, and schizophrenia. Baron-Cohen＇s usage has subsequently been extended to dementia, bi-polar disorders, antisocial personality disorders, and even normal aging. In our view, definition and identification of ＂mind blindness＂ in philosophy, religion, science, medicine, and at end-of-life care can help mankind to better understand mechanisms of human behavior, and the causes of conflicts, controversies, contradictions, and sharp differences of opinion in human life, and even to solve some of them.

The Missing Argument in Sellars＇s Case against Classical Sense Datum Theory in ＂Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind＂

Our objectives in this paper are, first, to identify several puzzling aspects of the ＂Trilemma Argument＂ of Section 6 against the Sense Datum Theory; second, to resolve these puzzles by reconstructing the Trilemma Argument; third to point to a distinction Sellars makes between two versions of the Sense Datum Theory, the ＂nominalist＂ version and the ＂realist＂ version; fourth, to reconstruct Sellars＇s arguments against both; and, finally, to fmd in an earlier paper, ＂Is There a Synthetic A Priort？＂ that his argument against the second version, assumed but not actually given in EPM, is against property realism and depends on taking language expressing propositional perception as fundamental and language expressing non-propositional perception as incomplete and derivative from the former.

A Review on the Evolution and Development of Searle＇ s Philosophy of Mind

The evolution and development of Searle’s philosophy of mind can be divided into two important stages,i.e.the origin and beginning stage between 1960sand 1970s,the formation and development stage since 1980s.Searle’s Speech Act Theory started the research on philosophy of mind,which is considered as the origin of his philosophy of mind.The Theories of Intentionality and Chinese Room Argument are the most important and most influential academic findings in his research in the field of philosophy of mind,which lay a solid theoretical foundation for the formation and development of his theories of philosophy of mind.Searle’s philosophy of mind finds wide prospect in the research field,which provides a new direction to understand the world and probe into mind,proposes a new perspective and methodology for the study of language,and promotes the new development of the study of language.

A Probe into the Implication of Education with Zhang Junmai’s Philosophy of Mind

In modern times,under the dual crisis of nationality and culture,Zhang Junmai returned to the internal philosophy of“Inner Sage,”whereby he started the global exploration of“Outer King”and constructed his own categorized Neo-Confucianism thoughts based on the contents of Yangming’s philosophy of mind as well as western philosophies.Therefore,by probing into the foundation of Zhang Junmai’s philosophy of mind,this paper explores the educational significance of the view of life based on honesty,the methodology of giving equal importance to learning and doing,and the world’s point of view contained in it,which may serve as a certain reference for the current education development.

Kant, Fichte, and the Act of the I

Fichte＇s various articulations of the Wissenschaftslehre （＂theory of scientific knowledge＂） are self-conscious attempts to systematize Kant＇s critical philosophy. Fichte＇s notion of the pure I （ieh） serves as the theoretical starting-point for his exposition of transcendental idealism, and in many ways this concept is analogous to Kant＇s notion of the transcendental unity of apperception explained in the Critique of Pure Reason. This paper argues that although Fichte and Kant agree on （1） the active nature of the pure I, （2） the distinction between pure and empirical apperception, and （3） skepticism concerning the possibility of theoretical knowledge of any positive （i.e., noumenal） content of the pure I, their respective notions of pure apperception differ in that Kant affirms the conceptual priority of the pure I to its objects while Fichte denies the same. Fichte＇s departure from Kant on this point foreshadows many later recognition theories of consciousness, e.g., those of Hegel and Marx.

Psychology and Philosophy of Mind

The relationship between psychology and philosophy is a long-standing one.Although psychology today looks different from pre-1879 psychology,it still has much in common.One of these commonalities is the concept of mind.A group of psychologists like Freud and Maslow have studied the serious role of the mind in guiding our lives.Inspired by the philosophy and theory of subjectivist philosophers,Freud was able to give structure and function to the human mind.Therefore,the philosophy of mind and its relationship to psychology need to be studied.Today,artificial intelligence,cognitive psychology,and information processing are among the most widely used sciences that have given meaning and meaning to human life,all of which operate in the realm of the human mind.Cognitive scientists have proven that the mind,especially in today’s world,in addition to being,as always,a place of knowledge,thought,and problem solving,it has become a place for war and the victory of governments and states.In a way,colonial governments exploit the poor and developing societies by controlling the minds and nervous systems of the poor.In this article,an attempt has been made to study the concept of mind and its relationship with psychology and philosophy.The problem of body and mind,Gestalt psychology,cognitive psychology,artificial intelligence,and information processing are among the items that have been studied descriptively.

On the Aesthetic Wonder and Unity at the Peak of Literary Theory in the Six Dynasties Key

The study found that the classics born during the turbulent Six Dynasties period,starting from Cao Pi’s“The Classics”to“Wen Fu”,“Wen Xin Diao Long”,“Shipin”and other classics,can all be analyzed to have a common origin.Attributes,that is,the philosophical strategy of dualistic isomorphism of explicit and implicit,is also a pattern;it can be proven that this is the philosophical key to interpreting and studying the classics of the Six Dynasties.It not only governs many aesthetic principles and aesthetic methods,but also emphasizes the need to transcend the appearance of current existence,transcend the current utilitarianism,and pay attention to the hidden and non-existent,just like paying attention to dark matter and antimatter in the universe.Pay attention to the origin of Shipin and expand aesthetic horizons;this philosophical secret not only exists in the classics of the Six Dynasties,it has its unity,graphics and vitality,as well as its historical inheritance and continuous operation.Its trajectory marks the context of literary theory and aesthetics;the modern construction of contemporary literary theory must be based on its operating trends.Only by transcending all utilitarianism can we better demonstrate the natural characteristics of Chinese tradition such as nationality.Otherwise,literary theory,aesthetics,and philosophy will not be self-consistent.

A Final Solution to the Mind-Body Problem by Quantum Language

Recently we proposed “quantum language”, which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes = Kant epistemology. And further we believe that quantum language is the only scientifically successful theory in dualistic idealism. If this turn is regarded as progress in the history of western philosophy (i.e., if “philosophical progress” is defined by “approaching to quantum language”), we should study the linguistic mind-body problem more than the epistemological mind-body problem. In this paper, we show that to solve the mind-body problem and to propose “measurement axiom” in quantum language are equivalent. Since our approach is always within dualistic idealism, we believe that our linguistic answer is the only true solution to the mind-body problem.

On the Philosophical Ontology for a General System Theory

System is a very general concept and theoretically speaking, every problem encountered can be modeled as a system. Thus, the general system theory (GST) proposed by Bertalanffy (1968) and developed by many others e.g. Bunge (1977;1979;1983a;1983b) and Maturana and Varela (1980;1987) could be treated as a theory of everything (TOE). However, it is well-known that the present version of GST has not reached the level of TOE because it lacks a clear ontology. Currently, quantum mechanics (QM), Newtonian mechanics (NM) and general relativity (GR), suitable for microscopic, macroscopic and cosmic phenomena respectively are based on very different ontologies. In this paper, a unified ontology for the general system theory which could be applied to any scale from micro to cosmic is proposed. It is expected that this could lay a foundation to generalize GST to TOE.

Embodiment of Rationality:Philosophical Interpretation of Embodied Cognition

Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.

SPECIAL ISSUE： IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MARXIST PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA：The issue of style of study in research on Marxist philosophy

Style of study is a fundamental prerequisite for studies of Marxist philosophy. A Marxist way of study requires firstly taking up the standpoint of the masses; secondly, an unwavering attitude of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and progressing with the times; and thirdly, consciously espousing the method of joining theory and practice. Building up Chinese-style socialism is the greatest reality in China and is the locus of the fundamental interest of the mass of the people. It is the requirement and actualization of the principle of ＂emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and progressing with the time.＂ It is the historical mission of Marxist philosophical studies to serve the practice of Chinese-style socialism.

Challenging Machines to the Language Game： Wittgensteinian Philosophy and Future Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence

This paper critically reviews a comprehensive and detailed philosophical account of the plausibility and practicability of artificial intelligence （AI）, an emerging field of study which has brought forth a host of technical, methodological, epistemological and ethical issues across various disciplines. Contrary to the prevailing belief, Wittgenstein＇s legacies are found to have contributed considerably to the philosophical underpinnings for modern Al theory and research. In a thorough scrutiny of the issue, the author extensively examines major philosophical insights engendered by the nexus of interests in the burgeoning AI enterprise, and makes predictions on how close we could ever get to creating human intelligence and its profound practical implications for human existence. Future dimensions of AI research in relation to philosophy and language are further explored with special reference to their potential relevance to natural language processing in Chinese.

Trilogy of Intellect as a New Method of Children Intellectual Development

The new method of intellectual development among children being investigated represents a trilogy of mind, whose main thinking operation is the logical operation of comparison. The method was created due to Aristotle＇s understanding of philosophy as ＂the science about the first reasons and origins＂ of cognition--types of opposition which should be the beginning of the surrounding world＇s cognition at school. As they were discovered and set in a natural line of comparative notions, the main Plato＇s plan was fulfilled to reduce all particular laws to the general and to withdraw all particular laws from the general one （Plato 1993）. As a result, we are talking about the building of stepwise transmission from one general notion to another more general notion that identifies the diversity of natural and social differences. As a result, it turned out to be possible to divide the whole thinking process into three related logical parts, each of which is determined by the advantageous usage of three types of cognitive means： （1） Reasonable thinking is the thinking with the help of classification notions on the basis of relations of ＂abstract identity＂ and ＂abstract difference＂, which determine the law of noncontradiction： either A, or not A; （2） Mental concrete-general metaphysical thinking is the thinking with the help of classification, quantitative, and comparative notions on the basis of the relation of ＂corresponding＂ and variety of mathematical and physical abstractions of different complexity being studied at school; and （3） Mental concrete-general dialectical thinking is the thinking with the help of classification and comparative notions on the basis of relation of ＂opposition＂ which allows to cognize natural and social processes. In addition to the generally accepted study of reasonable and mental thinking among schoolchildren with the help of concrete sciences, the new philosophical method is an effective means of advanced development of mental thinking among children, which makes for the holistic perception of the surrounding world by schoolchildren.

陈湛心学的流变与明清哲学的转折——兼论中国早期启蒙思潮的滥觞

陈湛心学的流变并非如《明儒学案》所示合流于阳明心学一种去向。陈湛心学与阳明、程朱、关中、东林、蕺山、南园等学派紧密互联,呈现出流变的多向性。而其趋向,则是走向以朴素唯物主义为体、以自然人性论和实学为两翼的早期启蒙思潮。陈湛心学是中国早期启蒙思潮的主力军之一,其流变的态势与明清哲学的转折高度耦合,早期启蒙思潮兴起的线索由此清晰可见。

周鹏治疗血瘀型寻常型银屑病经验及皮肤镜征象分析

总结周鹏教授治疗血瘀型寻常型银屑病的经验。通过深入探讨寻常型银屑病的病理特点,强调本病通常表现为虚实夹杂,导致频繁复发,并持久难治,进而可能引发患者的心理和情绪问题。阐述了血瘀对银屑病发病机制、病程进展及预后的影响,并提出了结合岭南火针和毫针针刺技术治疗寻常型银屑病血瘀证的新方法。周鹏教授认为本病的治疗原则是“调神为先,理血为本,辨证祛邪”,旨在综合考虑病因与症状,以期达到更有效的治疗结果。结合皮肤镜征象分析,以一种新的视角,对寻常型银屑病的治疗提供了可能的改进方向。

岭南罗氏妇科当代传承人辨治绝经前后诸证用药规律研究

【目的】基于数据挖掘技术探讨岭南罗氏妇科当代传承人辨治绝经前后诸证的思路与用药规律。【方法】收集岭南罗氏妇科当代传承人门诊治疗绝经前后诸证的医案,采用古今医案云平台(V2.3.5)对病案数据进行频数统计、关联规则分析、聚类分析及复杂网络分析。【结果】最终纳入医案191份,处方191首,涉及中药160味。四诊信息及证型统计显示,绝经前后诸证的病机以本虚为主,正虚失调,枢机不利,多脏受累,其中肝肾阴虚证最为常见。出现频次≥40次的高频中药有26味,居前5位的中药为百合、党参、山茱萸、白芍、熟地黄。药物的性味以甘平为主,多入肝、心、肾、脾经。关联规则分析共获得15对高置信度药物组合;高频中药的聚类分析得到5类核心药物组合。复杂网络分析揭示了以熟地黄、山茱萸、菟丝子、百合、酸枣仁、丹参、珍珠母为主的核心处方。关联规则分析得到使用频次较高的药对为女贞子-山茱萸及女贞子-丹参。【结论】岭南罗氏妇科当代传承人治疗绝经前后诸证以滋养肝肾为切入点,兼养心安神、益气健脾、和解枢机,用药以“甘淡平补”为主,遣方用药与罗元恺教授之学术思想一脉相承。

岭南调神助孕针法联合芬吗通对早发性卵巢功能不全患者性激素及NK细胞、T淋巴细胞的影响

目的探讨岭南调神助孕针法联合芬吗通对早发性卵巢功能不全(Premature ovarian insufficiency,POI)患者性激素、自然杀伤细胞(Natural killer cell,NK细胞)和T淋巴细胞的影响。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月期间就诊于广东医科大学顺德妇女儿童医院门诊的POI患者102例,采用电脑随机数字表法随机分为针刺组和西医组,每组各51例。西医组予以芬吗通口服,针刺组予以岭南调神助孕针法联合芬吗通治疗。3个疗程(3个月经周期)后观察比较两组患者临床疗效及不良反应,评价两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、改良Kupperman量表评分变化,检测血清性激素指标雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、抗苗勒管激素(Anti-mullerian hormone,AMH),检测外周血NK细胞与T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))变化。结果治疗后两组患者中医各项证候评分及总积分均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且针刺组中医各项积分及总积分低于西医组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者改良Kupperman评分较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且针刺组改良Kupperman评分明显低于西医组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清E2、AMH水平较治疗前明显升高,FSH、LH水平较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且针刺组E2、AMH水平明显高于西医组,FSH、LH水平明显低于西医组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者NK细胞、CD8^(+)较治疗前明显降低,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且针刺组NK细胞、CD8^(+)明显低于西医组,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)明显高于西医组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后针刺组临床总有效率98.04%(50/51)明显高于西医组86.27%(44/51),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.022,P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.173,P<0.05)。结论岭南调神助孕针法联合芬吗通治疗POI能够改善患者的临床症状及性激素紊乱,调节NK细胞和T淋巴细胞亚群,改善免疫功能,从而保护患者的卵巢功能。

身心一元论的历史文化溯源与体育哲学证成

身体素养思想包含着身心一元论的丰富诠释与解读,是当前最重要的一种身心一元论思想。目前身体素养的哲学证成主要借由胡塞尔和梅洛—庞蒂的身体现象学思想,聚焦具身认知的形而上学,对身心一元论与体育学的批判性关系的研究较少。本文运用福柯知识考古学的人文学术方法,通过对身心二元论在古希腊文明中的历史溯源进行解构,进而指出,在哲学史上,对身心二元论的发源地,即古希腊文明的身体观进行解构与还原,史诗身体观、贵族身体观、哲学—宗教身体观三种身体观与其联系的主要神学目的论,即狄俄尼索斯教义与俄耳甫斯教义形成了身心一元论和身心二元论的历史哲学结构。研究提出,经由近代康德哲学的转捩与批判,柏拉图的身心二元论在诠释灵魂运动方面暴露出其局限性。由此,在当代体育学发展语境内,身心一元论的证成以康德的思维与存在关系问题为支点,进一步经由康德哲学、黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学来批判性地证成身心一元论与体育学的应然关系,并以此拓宽体育哲学自身的论域。

互动与转向:明清学术流变之下的书院教育——以湖北书院为中心的考察

书院教育与学术流变息息相关。明中后期开始,随着传统学术发展的流变,在心学、理学的竞争中讲学日渐兴盛,湖北书院也逐渐发展壮大。乾嘉时期,考据学兴盛,湖北书院教育和学术主潮随之发生了新的变化。清末,随着内忧外患的现实危机及经世思潮的兴起,张之洞积极改革以两湖书院、经心书院等为代表的湖北书院的教育内容,讲授经世实学,大力宣扬西学,以培养实用人才,最终促使传统书院转变为新式学堂。