The journey,gain,and thought from engaging in the research of Chinese herbal medicines in China,Japan,and United States

<正>Since early 80s of last century,Chinese herbal medicines focused on the isolation and structural identification of active/chemical compounds have being investigated,started the journey from Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After one year(1985~1986) advanced study in Prof.Jingxi Xie's laboratory in the

Development of Chinese Medicine Education in the United States:Two Examples of Pacific College of Health and Science New York and Eastern School of Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine

Chinese medicine originated in China and has taken root all over the world.In the United States,Chinese medicine belongs to the category of complementary and alternative medicine and has a history of over 50 years as a recognized profession.The education of Chinese medicine is undoubtedly the foundation for the development and growth of Chinese medicine practice.In this article,we briefly introduced the history of acupuncture profession and its development in the United States.Pacific College of Health and Science New York and Eastern School of Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine were discussed and analyzed.This article aims to discuss two examples of acupuncture schools in the United States to provide an overview of the history and current development of Chinese medicine education in the United States.

Varieties of Chinese Traditional Medicines Protected by the State (Part One)

Approved by the Ministry of Public Health,the following Medicines,producedby the named enterprises,are listed as varieties of Chinese traditionalmedicines that are protected by the state.

Current research status and research hotspots in Chinese geriatric medicine: Data retrieved from the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

Objective: To investigate the research hotspots and development trends of Chinese geriatric medicine by analyzing the high-frequency keywords, core authors, research institutions and their collaborations in papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics.Methods: Bibliometric methods and information visualization software(CiteSpace Ⅲ) were used to analyze the following 3 aspects: keywords, institutions and authors.Results: Overall, the number of papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics grew between 1994 and 2015. The top 3 institutions with the greatest numbers of published papers were Beijing Hospital,People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.The authors with high productivity were Pulin Yu, Jianye Wang and Xiaoying Li. The terms "Diabetes","hypertension" and "myocardial infarction" were hotspot words that drew sustained attention in this field.Conclusions: Research on geriatric medicine is growing steadily in China. Hospitals and teaching hospitals are major contributors to publications. The collaboration of authors is more common within the same institutions or in the same regions. Clinical research is still the focus of current research. In the future, basic research should be strengthened, and collaborations between different institutions and regions should be promoted to achieve coordinated and integrated development in Chinese geriatric medicine.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Zizania latifolia to Traditional Chinese Medicine Wastewater

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes( such as TTC,Pro,GSH,MDA,SOD,POD,CAT,and PAL) of Zizania latifolia were investigated under four concentrations of medicine wastewater. The results showed that under the stress of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater,the contents of GSH,MDA and Pro had different degrees of increase,which would promote the increasing of superoxide anion. Meanwhile,the activities of root,SOD,POD,CAT and PAL also increased with the concentration of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. Therefore,Z. latifolia had very strong anti-adversity abilities and tolerances to traditional Chinese medicine wastewater and can be used as one of the constructed wetland plants treating medicine wastewater.

A meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicines for vascular dementia

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia. DATA RETRIEVAL： We retrieved publications from Cochrane Library （2004 to July 2011）, PubMed （1966 to July 2011）, the Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database （1977 to July 2011）, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （1979 to July 2011）, Google Scholar （July 2011）, and the Chinese Biomedical Database （1977 to July 2011） using the key words ＂Chinese medicine OR Chinese herbal medicine＂ and ＂vascular dementia OR mild cognition impair OR multi-infarct dementia OR small-vessel dementia OR strategic infarct dementia OR hypoperfusion dementia OR hemorrhagic dementia OR hereditary vascular dementia＂. SELECTION CRITERIA： Randomized controlled trials comparing Chinese herbal medicines with placebo/western medicine in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia were included. Diagnostic standards included Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association Internationale pour la Recherche et I＇Enseignement en Neurosciences. Two participants independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction. The quality of each trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Reviewers＇ Handbook 5.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effective rate, Mini-Mental State Examination scores, Hasegawa Dementia Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS： We identified 1 143 articles discussing the effects of Chinese medicine on vascular dementia. Thirty-one of these were included in the analysis. These studies involved a total of 2 868 participants （1 605 patients took Chinese medicine decoctions （treatment group）; 1 263 patients took western medicine or placebo）. The results of our meta-analysis revealed that Chinese herbal remedies in the treatment group were more efficacious than the control intervention （relative risk （RR） = 1.27; 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.18-1.38, P 〈 0.01）. Mini-Mental State Examination scores were higher in patients taking Chinese herbal medicines than in those in the control group （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 2.83; 95%CI： 2.55-3.12, P 〈 0.01）. Patients in the treatment group showed better disease amelioration than those in the control group （Hasegawa Dementia Scale scores; WMD = 2.41, 95%CI： 1.48-3.34, P 〈 0.01）. There were also considerably fewer adverse reactions among those in the treatment group compared with those in the control group （RR = 0.20, 95%CI： 0.08-0.47, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Chinese herbal medicine appears to be safer and more effective than control measures in the treatment of vascular dementia. However, the included trials were generally low in quality. More well-designed, high-quality trials are needed to provide better evidence for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicines for vascular dementia.

Dialogue with Dr. Lixing Lao:from a factory electrician to an international scholar of Chinese medicine

Dr. Lixing Lao, an internationally known scholar of Chinese medicine renowned for his clinical and mechanisms research, is the Director of the Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Program at the Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland （UM） School of Medicine; the Co-Chair of the Acupuncture Research Society; and the former Editor-in-Chief of the American Acupuncturist, the official journal of the American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. The Baltimore Magazine has listed Dr. Lao as one of the nation＇s top acupuncture practitioners （Figure 1 ）.

Nashville Qi?Chinese Medicine in an American Heartland

This article shares preliminary results from current research on Chinese medicine in Nashville,Tennessee,a city in the American South known both as“Music City,USA”and“The Buckle of the Bible Belt.”The author has interviewed dozens of patients and practitioners in Nashville to understand how Chinese medicine came to the city,what styles of practice are present,and whether or not new understandings of Chinese medicine’s fundamental concept of qi might emerge from the unique cultural setting of the American South.While Chinese medicine is flourishing in the city,because of complexities at the intersection of religion,science,and the experience of healing,the clinical encounter between patients and practitioners is not typically characterized by a mutual embrace of a language of qi.

Key Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traceability Based on Internet of Things

Compared with western medicine, there are many complicated factors affecting the intrinsic quality of traditional Chinese medicine, because its production needs to be planted, harvested, processed, transported, stored, and sold, etc. Therefore, the internet of things is integrated into the traceability of traditional Chinese medicine, and its key technologies are studied. An XMLbased traceability information exchange model was constructed for traditional Chinese medicine and modeled the traceability process by the finite state machine (FSM). Furthermore, the specific electronic product code (EPC) coding scheme of traditional Chinese medicine was proposed based on the EPC coding structure model. Finally, the effectiveness of the above models and schemes is verified by an example of a traditional Chinese medicine traceability prototype system.

Nevada: the first state that fully legalized acupuncture and Chinese medicine in the Unites States——In memory of Arthur Steinberg, Yee Kung Lok and Jim Joyce who made it happen

1 Introduction In the United States, the largest groups of acupuncture or traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） practitioners settled and still remain in California and New York, as these two states historically have the largest, most concentrated Asian populations. The TCM practitioners originally worked in a legal gray-zone, sometimes even being treated as illegal practitioners by the local governments, since TCM licensing laws did not exist until late 1973[1]. The first legal acupuncture clinic was established in Washington, D.C. in 1972[2], but Nevada was the first state that passed a full practicing law for acupuncture and TCM[3]. Under- standing the legal history of acupuncture in the U.S. will help us to see the road ahead more clearly.

The Current Acceptance,Accessibility and Recognition of Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicine in the United States in the Public,Governmental,and Industrial Sectors

To assess the current level of acceptance in the United States of complementary and alternative medicine, recent research into the prevalence, acceptance, accessibility, and recognition of complementary and alternative therapies were reviewed. Several signs point to an increasing acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States; the use of complementary and alternative medicine is significantly increasing, many aspects of Chinese medicine and Ayurveda are becoming mainstream, practitioners in the United States are beginning to be licensed, and insurance companies are beginning to cover some complementary and alternative therapies. Remaining challenges to true acceptance include the restrictive Western mindset, the absence of published studies, a lack of consistent manufacturing processes and quality standards, and a fear of adulteration. Although the field still faces many challenges, alternative and complementarymedicine, including Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, is becoming more accepted and accessible in the United States.

基于“三因四证”调整免疫炎症状态的中医药治疗心血管疾病研究述评

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病发生发展的重要病理基础,物质代谢异常和免疫炎症反应是其发生发展的重要原因,由此导致的免疫炎症状态贯穿其病理始终。本文以“病”(心力衰竭)为切入点,结合心脉相关理论,总结气、血、水“三因”病机与免疫炎症状态的相关性。心气、心血、心水异常可出现在心力衰竭的不同阶段,持续的免疫炎症状态贯穿心力衰竭始终。同时,岭南地区常年湿热的气候环境因素及人群气虚、阳虚和湿热体质与免疫炎症状态发生密切相关,“积湿生热”及“湿自热生”的湿热相互转化机制使得岭南地区心血管疾病的病机以气虚痰浊夹瘀多见。在此基础上,痰、瘀、湿、热等伏匿机体的多种病理产物在疾病发展过程中累积,久酿而成内生伏毒,由此总结性归纳将痰、瘀、湿、毒“四证”与免疫炎症状态紧密联系。本文用“病—证—治”关联视角探讨中医药防治心血管疾病,融合治未病思想,从理论到应用,从基础到临床,以期为进一步制定和实施中医药诊疗方案提供理论指导。

The legendary life of Dr.Gim Shek Ju, the founding father of the education of acupuncture and Chinese medicine in the United States

Several stories of various pioneers establishing acupuncture and Chinese medicine （ACM） practices in the United States （U.S.） have been documented. However, the establishment of schools for ACM signaled the establishment of ACM as an established profession in the U.S. One of the first persons who wanted to set-up a school for Chinese medicine in the U.S. was Dr. Tom Foo Yuen （谭富园, August 7, 1858 - July 10, 1947） during the late 1800s in Los Angeles （LA）, California. However, it was not until 1969 or 1970 that the first informal ACM school was actually established in the U.S. This school was called the Institute for Taoist Study, and was located in LA. However, this school was not registered with the local government and Dr. Gim Shek Ju was the sole teacher at that time.

渔用中草药种类、作用机理及应用效果研究进展

中草药具有成分天然、资源丰富、功能多样、双向调节、低毒、无残留、无耐药性等特点。本文主要阐述了中草药的特点、作用及其机制,总结了黄芪、当归、黄岑、黄连、姜黄、大蒜等常见的中草药作为饲料添加剂在鱼类养殖中的应用效果及对养殖水环境的改善作用,以期为中草药制剂在鱼类养殖中的科学应用提供参考。

以“虚实三态理论”构建急危重症中医辨治体系

急危重症病种多样、患者病情危重、证候复杂、变化迅速,有其固有的疾病演变规律。本文提出,中医辨证不同于中医内科学辨证体系,姜良铎教授、刘清泉教授依据多年治疗急危重症的临床经验概括其核心病机为“正气虚于一时,邪气暴胜而突发”,进而总结提炼出一种适用于中医药治疗急危重症的辨治体系——“虚态-实态-虚实互存态”的“虚实三态理论”。

宏观调态结合微观打靶辨治结直肠癌肝转移

结直肠癌发病率高,伴发肝转移是导致患者死亡的重要因素,结合中医药治疗能有效降低结直肠癌肝转移的发生率、减轻患者的临床症状,提高生活质量、延长生存期“。态靶结合”理论的辨证组方思想是将中医传统辨证思维与现代医学科技成果结合,将宏观“调态”和微观“打靶”有机结合。本文在“态靶结合”辨治理论的指导下,从宏观上辨别早期态、中期态和晚期态,根据不同“态”确立针对性的调治法则,同时在微观上辨病靶、症靶及标靶,依此选定靶方并精准结合辨靶用药,通过“态靶结合”、标本同治,构建结直肠癌肝转移中西医结合辨治新模式,可显著改善患者预后。

不同生理状态中华鲟体表黏液与生境微生物组成差异分析

为揭示不同生理状态下中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)体表黏液与生境微生物组成差异,本研究比较了健康和亚健康中华鲟体表黏液菌群的群落结构差异,探讨细菌群落结构与中华鲟生理状态的相关性。本研究采集健康与亚健康中华鲟的体表黏液和养殖水体,利用高通量测序技术分析其菌群结构。结果表明,亚健康组微生物多样性与丰富度显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。序列的统计分析表明,相较于水体,黏液样本存在大量的独有操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),且与水体的共有OTU数目因中华鲟生理状况而发生变化。根据组间的相似性与差异分析,不同组之间的主成分与主坐标分析显示出较强的分离趋势,且组内样本相对距离较小。在门和属水平下,中华鲟体表黏液和水体群落组成和优势种有显著差异。水体中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(31.84%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(24.37%);健康组优势菌门为变形菌门(55.23%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(21.00%);亚健康组的变形菌门(40.23%)占比相较于健康组有所下降,但酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(18.29%)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)(10.08%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的比例均有不同程度的增加。水体中优势菌群包括球形发丝菌属(Sphaerochaeta)(10.56%)和下水道菌属(Cloacibacillus)(7.95%)。健康组中的优势菌群包括罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)(19.83%)和黏液杆菌属(Mucilaginibacter)(8.11%)。亚健康组的优势菌群则相较于健康组发生了变化,主要由鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)(16.71%)和WPS-1_genera_incertae_sedis(5.05%)组成。功能预测发现,亚健康组的菌群功能丰度相较于健康组显示出下降的趋势,包括环境适应、生物代谢、信号转导等。通过对不同生理状态中华鲟黏液微生物组与水体的相似性及差异分析发现,随着中华鲟的生理状态的改变,体表黏液核心菌群产生差异,亚健康组中鞘氨醇单胞菌属是黏液菌群的优势属,该属可作为健康检测的标志物。通过对健康和亚健康中华鲟体表黏液微生物群落的比较,发现不同健康状态存在不同的微生物群落结构,为中华鲟的健康养殖与监测提供了新的视角。

推拿干预抑郁患者的临床研究进展

抑郁是一种心理障碍,临床主要以明显抑郁情绪为特征,伴随兴趣减退或愉悦感减少。抑郁会严重威胁患者的身心健康,是导致残疾和全球疾病负担的主要原因。近几年来,抑郁患者呈逐年增加的趋势,但抑郁的治疗比较局限。当前临床治疗抑郁以药物为主,但存在一定不良反应。推拿作为一种绿色环保的中医疗法,以经络腧穴为基础,通过神经反射和经络系统调节患者神经和分泌系统,使其功能平衡,达到大脑、心理、肌肉放松的效果,从而缓解抑郁,提高生命质量,值得推广。本文通过检索PubMed、国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)等数据库,查阅建库至2022年10月有关推拿治疗抑郁的文献,筛选单独推拿以及推拿联合其他疗法治疗抑郁症、亚临床抑郁状态相关的临床研究,并对其进行综述。以指导推拿治疗抑郁的临床诊治,并分析其优势和不足,为推拿治疗抑郁的未来研究方向给出建议。

胡荽法象药理、名称源流及临床应用文献研究

胡荽的药象特点突出,在“象-性”与“象-效”方面的关联性较大,其形态特征、生长习性等药象特点,形成了其特殊的药理作用。胡荽播种于夏月“热浮长”之时,得以“秉阳热而速生”,又于早春“风升生”时节采收,得春月温煦升发之气,共成其辛温香窜之性效,是其用于治疗风寒束表致无汗、小便不利的法象药理。现代临床依托药理学手段对胡荽进行了全新赋能,通过对胡荽挥发油成分的提取与分析,发现了其抗氧化、抗铝沉积、抗焦虑、抗肿瘤、利尿、抗菌抗炎、促进毛发生长以及促进排卵等全新功效,这些新功效的发现,正是基于中医象思维,对胡荽进行“象性合参”的意义所在。

中西互补交叉创新——在生理学课堂上讲好中医药故事

中西医并重是“健康中国”发展战略的重要组成部分。作为中西医临床专业的基础课,生理学搭建了基础医学通向临床医学的桥梁。在生理学课堂上,教师围绕中西医临床专业培养目标,介绍中西医交叉融合的最新成果,加入中医特色的实验项目,讲好中医药故事,对增强学生的中医药文化自信和中西医结合专业自信,培养学生中西医结合的理念和思维,奠定从事中西医结合研究的基础,具有十分重要的意义。