基于drop-off ddPCR方法检测急性髓系白血病C-KIT基因N822位点突变及其临床应用

目的:建立急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)患者C-KIT基因N822位点突变的drop-off微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)定量检测方法,并评价其临床应用价值。方法:针对C-KIT基因第17外显子设计一对引物及探针,优化drop-off ddPCR反应条件及体系,评价该方法的特异性、灵敏度、重复性,使用所建立的方法对140例已行Sanger测序的AML初诊患者骨髓标本进行检测,并用二代测序(next generation sequencing, NGS)验证结果;用drop-off ddPCR对3例阳性患者化疗后C-KIT突变频率进行动态监测。结果:drop-off ddPCR检测C-KIT基因N822位点突变的最适退火温度为54℃,空白检测限为1.62拷贝数/μL,最低检测下限为10.12拷贝数/μL,线性良好。140例AML初诊患者样本中Sanger测序检出2例阳性(1.4%),而ddPCR共检出突变7例(5.0%),突变频率为0.29%~7.41%;进一步应用常规NGS方法对ddPCR阳性样本进行验证,共检出阳性3例(2.1%),等位基因频率为1.26%~8.00%。动态监测3例阳性患者C-KIT突变频率,结果显示治疗达完全缓解时C-KIT突变频率明显下降甚至降低至0。结论:本研究建立了检测C-KIT基因N822位点突变的drop-off ddPCR技术,具有良好的方法学检测性能,其灵敏度高于Sanger测序和NGS,有望用于阳性患者缓解后的可检测残留疾病监测及治疗指导。

外科模板结合Pick-up技术在无牙颌即刻负重种植修复中的临床应用

目的:探讨应用种植外科模板结合Pick-up技术进行无牙颌即刻负重种植修复,评估应用Pick-up技术使预先制作的修复体即刻负重的可行性及临床效果。方法:9例无牙颌患者采用带有预成修复体信息的种植外科模板引导种植体植入,而后应用预成的修复体结合Pick-up技术制作种植体支持的临时修复体,完成无牙颌即刻负重修复。随访临时修复体功能状况,总结Pick-up技术的就诊次数、被动就位情况、颌位关系、患者满意度。6个月后进行永久修复,定期随访观察种植体存留情况,种植体周围边缘骨吸收情况和种植体支持的修复体应用状况。结果:9例患者共植入56枚种植体,1颗种植体脱落,53颗种植体即刻负重,完成下颌6个、上颌3个种植体支持的树脂材料临时修复体。随访时间12-60个月(平均36个月),全部即刻负重的种植体稳定无松动,种植体边缘骨吸收0.5±0.24m m,即刻负重种植体存留率100%。全部种植体存留率98.2%,全部永久修复体均正常行使功能。利用种植外科模板通过Pick-up技术进行即刻负重修复治疗时间短,就诊次数少,一次获得被动就位,颌位关系准确,患者满意度高。结论:种植外科模板结合Pick-up技术进行种植体的即刻负重修复,可实现微创准确快速的种植治疗,临床效果满意。

Drop-off微滴式数字PCR检测急性髓系白血病NRAS基因突变及其临床应用

目的:建立检测急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)神经母细胞瘤RAS病毒癌基因同源物(NRAS)基因突变的drop-off微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)方法,并评价该方法的临床应用价值。方法:针对NRAS G12和G13突变位点设计特异性drop-off ddPCR引物和探针,建立最佳反应体系,并对该方法进行性能验证。应用该方法对140例临床样本进行初筛,其检测结果与Sanger测序进行比较,并用二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)进行验证。结果:建立drop-off ddPCR检测NRAS基因G12/G13突变的方法,灵敏度达0.158%,重复性、线性良好,其空白限为5.40拷贝数/μL,最低检测下限为15.84拷贝数/μL。在140例初诊AML患者中,drop-off ddPCR检出NRAS突变28例(20%),其突变负荷为0.26%~52.85%(中位2.14%);而Sanger测序仅检出7例(5%)阳性,为进一步验证,将21例Sanger测序结果阴性而drop-off ddPCR检测阳性的样本进行NRAS基因NGS,检出14例阳性,而另外7例NGS阴性的样本,其drop-off ddPCR检测突变频率为0.53%~1.50%(中位1.10%)。结论:建立了drop-off ddPCR技术检测AML患者中NRAS基因突变的方法,该方法灵敏度高,可用于对NRAS基因G12/G13突变进行定量检测,有望可用于AML患者预后判断和疾病监测。

数字化导板与pick-up技术在牙列缺失种植修复中的应用1例

随着经济及医学水平的高速发展,我国老年无牙颌患者呈逐年上升趋势。常规全口义齿修复存在诸多缺点,不能满足于老年无牙颌患者的生活需求[1]。种植体支持的固定全口义齿修复被证明是恢复无牙颌患者面部美学及功能、提高患者生活质量的有效治疗手段[2]。而数字化导板可帮助引导种植体精确就位,防止损伤邻近软硬组织等重要的解剖结构,确保种植体达到设计的位置、深度及角度,更有助于符合生物学为导向的种植治疗理念[3-4]。而即刻修复缩短了空牙期,满足了患者即刻恢复美观的需求。

Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.

Astronomical Tables in the“Lü-li zhi”:On the Characteristics and Adoption of“Licheng”Pick-up Tables

This article discusses the development of astronomical tables in ancient China based on the calendrical chapter titled“Lü-li zhi”律曆志(Monograph on harmonics and calendrical astronomy)in official histories.After surveying various types of astral scientific tables in ancient China and their layouts,this paper discusses the characteristics and adoption of“licheng”立成tables,a specific kind of pick-up table that seems to have come into use in the Sui period(581–618)and to have been widespread from the Tang period(618–907)onward.The emergence of licheng tables relates largely to the internal development of ancient Chinese astronomy,but they were also probably inspired by auspicial tables and foreign astronomical tables.By comparing tables recorded in the“Lü-li zhi”and the existing licheng tables,we find that most licheng were deleted during the compilation of“Lü-li zhi”to reduce the number of volumes.Moreover,this paper discusses several common solutions used to compress the size of tables in“Lü-li zhi.”The adoption of licheng tables into the ancient Chinese astral sciences and the reformatting of them in“Lü-li zhi”give us a different perspective for understanding the development of ancient Chinese astronomical tables and the compilation of the calendrical portion of official histories.

A STUDY OF WAVELET ENTROPY MEASURE DEFINITION AND ITS APPLICATION FOR FAULT FEATURE PICK-UP AND CLASSIFICATION

Shannon entropy in time domain is a measure of signal or system uncertainty.When based on spectrum entropy,Shannon entropy can be taken as a measure of signal or system complexity. Therefore,wavelet analysis based on wavelet entropy measure can signify the complexity of non-steady signal or system in both time and frequency domain.In this paper,in order to meet the requirements of post-analysis on abundant wavelet transform result data and the need of information mergence,the basic definition of wavelet entropy measure is proposed,corresponding algorithms of several wavelet entropies,such as wavelet average entropy,wavelet time-frequency entropy,wavelet distance entropy, etc.are put forward,and the physical meanings of these entropies are analyzed as well.The application principle of wavelet entropy measure in ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) signal analysis,mechanical fault diagnosis,fault detection and classification in power system are analyzed.Finally,take the transmission line fault detection in power system for example,simulations in two different systems,a 10kV automatic blocking and continuous power transmission line and a 500kV Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission line,are carried out,and the two methods,wavelet entropy and wavelet modulus maxima,are compared,the results show feasibility and application prospect of the six wavelet entro- pies.

Cause analysis of and solution to furnace roller pick-up in the high strength automotive steel sheet processing line

Cold-rolled high strength steel sheets for automobiles contain more Mn and Si based alloy elements, which, under the reducing atmosphere in the annealing furnace, will get enriched on the strip surface. Since the furnace rollers and the strips contact frequently, alloy elements on the roller surface will form hard protuberance. We call this protuberance ＂pick-up＂. In addition, with the increase of the amount of dust in the furnace atmosphere, the occurrence of furnace roller pick-up will also increase. Through chemical reaction and physical accumulation analysis combined with practical experience, the causes of pick-up in different furnace sections were analyzed. Methods of preventing furnace roller pick-up in the high strength steel sheet processing line were discussed and solutions to improving the strip surface quality in the continous annealing furnace were provided.

关于pick-up的常见问题

电吉他pick-up的发明是为了使吉他发出更大的声音,也因此有了所谓"电"吉他.我们可以视之为一种能量的转换装置,对音色有很大影响.早期研究发展pick-up多在Fender、Gibson为主的大公司内进行,不同于今日百家争鸣的局面.

Hypotension after intensive care unit drop-off in adult cardiac surgery patients

BACKGROUND Hypotension is a frequent complication in the intensive care unit(ICU)after adult cardiac surgery.AIM To describe frequency of hypotension in the ICU following adult cardiac surgery and its relation to the hospital outcomes.METHODS A retrospective study of post-cardiac adult surgical patients at a tertiary academic medical center in a two-year period.We abstracted baseline demographics,comorbidities,and all pertinent clinical variables.The primary predictor variable was the development of hypotension within the first 30 min upon arrival to the ICU from the operating room(OR).The primary outcome was hospital mortality,and other outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation(MV)in hours,and ICU and hospital length of stay in days.RESULTS Of 417 patients,more than half(54%)experienced hypotension within 30 min upon arrival to the ICU.Presence of OR hypotension immediately prior to ICU transfer was significantly associated with ICU hypotension(odds ratio=1.9;95%confidence interval:1.21-2.98;P<0.006).ICU hypotensive patients had longer MV,5(interquartile ranges 3,15)vs 4 h(interquartile ranges 3,6),P=0.012.The patients who received vasopressor boluses(n=212)were more likely to experience ICU drop-off hypotension(odds ratio=1.45,95%confidence interval:0.98-2.13;P=0.062),and they experienced longer MV,ICU and hospital length of stay(P<0.001,for all).CONCLUSION Hypotension upon anesthesia-to-ICU drop-off is more frequent than previously reported and may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Improvement of Pick-up Mechanism for Composite Particle Emissions

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Basic Research on the Burden of Dropping off and Picking up Children: Differences by Employment Type and Gender in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.

北京谱仪-Ⅱ主漂移室干扰噪声的研究

研究了北京谱仪－Ⅱ主漂移室干扰噪声（ｐｉｃｋ－ｕｐ噪声）的主要表现形式，分析了噪声的来源，提出了解决办法。

全牙弓种植即刻修复方案选择决策树

对于无法保留口内所有天然牙的牙列缺失患者,全牙弓种植即刻固定修复能在尽量短的时间内恢复患者的咀嚼、发音功能。随着新的技术、设备和软件不断涌现,临床上在应用该技术时存在一定困惑和混乱。为了规范化该方案的使用,为患者提供多种方案选择,根据本杂志2022年6月刊登的《全牙列种植即刻临时修复方案选择》一文,作者团队进一步深化总结出当前适用于解决该类临床病例的决策树,以期为种植修复医生对此类病例进行诊断治疗时提供建议和参考,医生可根据患者临床情况、医生经验以及所具有的技术设备和软件等综合条件进行决策。

Design of Vegetable Pot Seedling Pick‑up Mechanism with Planetary Gear Train

It has been challenging to design seedling pick-up mechanism based on given key points and trajectories,because it involves dimensional synthesis and rod length optimization.In this paper,the dimensional synthesis of seedling pickup mechanism with planetary gear train was studied based on the data of given key points and the trajectory of the endpoint of seedling pick-up mechanism.Given the positions and orientations requirements of the five key points,the study first conducted a dimensional synthesis of the linkage size and center of rotation.The next steps were to select a reasonable solution and optimize the data values based on the ideal seedling trajectory.The link motion was driven by the planetary gear train of the two-stage gear.Four pitch curves of noncircular gears were obtained by calculating and distributing the transmission ratio according to the data.For the pitch curve with two convex points,the tooth profile design method of incomplete noncircular gear was applied.The seedling pick-up mechanism was tested by a virtual prototype and a physical prototype designed with the obtained parameter values.The results were consistent with the theoretical design requirements,confirming that the mechanism meets the expected requirements for picking seedlings up.This paper presents a new design method of vegetable pot seedling pick-up mechanism for an automatic vegetable transplanter.

A tripartite evolutionary game analysis of providing subsidies for pick-up/drop-off strategy in carpooling problem

Although the pick-up/drop-off(PUDO)strategy in carpooling offers the convenience of short-distance walking for passengers during boarding and disembarking,there is a noticeable hesitancy among commuters to adopt this travel method,despite its numerous benefits.Here,this paper establishes a tripartite evolutionary game theory(EGT)model to verify the evolutionary stability of choosing the PUDO strategy of drivers and passengers and offering subsidies strategy of carpooling platforms in carpooling system.The model presented in this paper serves as a valuable tool for assessing the dissemination and implementation of PUDO strategy and offering subsidies strategy in carpooling applications.Subsequently,an empirical analysis is conducted to examine and compare the sensitivity of the parameters across various scenarios.The findings suggest that:firstly,providing subsidies to passengers and drivers,along with deductions for drivers through carpooling platforms,is an effective way to promote wider adoption of the PUDO strategy.Then,the decision-making process is divided into three stages:initial stage,middle stage,and mature stage.PUDO strategy progresses from initial rejection to widespread acceptance among drivers in the middle stage and,in the mature stage,both passengers and drivers tend to adopt it under carpooling platform subsidies;the factors influencing the costs of waiting and walking times,as well as the subsidies granted to passengers,are essential determinants that require careful consideration by passengers,drivers,and carpooling platforms when choosing the PUDO strategy.Our work provides valuable insight into the PUDO strategy’s applicability and the declared results provide implications for traffic managers and carpooling platforms to offer a suitable incentive.

Learning taxis' cruising patterns with Ripley's K function

Taxi drivers' cruising patterns are learnt with GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen, China. By employing Ripley's K function, the impacts of land use and pick-up experience on taxis' cruising behavior are investigated concerning about both intensity of influence and radius of influence. The results indicate that, in general, taxi drivers tend to learn more from land use characteristics than from pick-up experience. The optimal radius of influence of land use points and previous pick-up points is 14.18 km and 9.93 km, respectively. The findings also show that the high-earning drivers or thorough drivers pay more attention to land use characteristics and tend to cruise in high-density area, while the low-earning drivers or focus drivers prefer to learn more from previous pick-up experience and select the area which is far away from the high-density area. These findings facilitate the development of measures of managing taxi's travel behavior by providing useful insights into taxis' cruising patterns. The results also provide useful advice for taxi drivers to make efficient cruising decision, which will contribute to the improvement of cruising efficiency and the reduction of negative effects.

An Entropy-Based Model for Recommendation of Taxis’Cruising Route

Cruising route recommendation based on trajectory mining can improve taxi-drivers'income and reduce energy consumption.However,existing methods mostly recommend pick-up points for taxis only.Moreover,their performance is not good enough since there lacks a good evaluation model for the pick-up points.Therefore,we propose an entropy-based model for recommendation of taxis'cruising route.Firstly,we select more positional attributes from historical pick-up points in order to obtain accurate spatial-temporal features.Secondly,the information entropy of spatial-temporal features is integrated in the evaluation model.Then it is applied for getting the next pick-up points and further recommending a series of successive points.These points are constructed a cruising route for taxi-drivers.Experimental results show that our method is able to obviously improve the recommendation accuracy of pick-up points,and help taxi-drivers make profitable benefits more than before.

Characterization of blood flow and the effects of exogenous estradiol benzoate on residual follicles formed after ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration in cattle

Background： Removal of the follicular content by ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration（TVFA） may fail to induce immediate atresia and loss of function, resulting in the occurrence of residual follicles（RF）. The aims of this study were to characterize the blood flow in RF and to determine the effects of the treatment with estradiol benzoate on RF fate. Lactating, cyclic Holstein-Gir crossbred cows were used. In Experiment 1, follicular wave emergence（D0） was synchronized in cows（n = 10） and follicular growth was then monitored by transrectal ultrasonography from D0 to D8, followed by TVFA of the largest follicle present on the ovaries 24 h later. Color Doppler ultrasound imaging was used to examine blood flow on the follicular wall, which was recorded immediately before and every 12 h after TVFA, up to 72 h. In experiment 2, cows（n = 22） were randomly allocated to receive either 2 mL of saline i.m.（Control group, n = 11） or 2 mL estradiol benzoate i.m.（EB group, n = 11）immediately after TVFA. Ovaries were scanned every 12 h to confirm the presence and to measure the diameter of RF. The contents of the RF, if present, were collected 72 h after the first TVFA, using the same aspiration procedures.Follicular fluid from original follicles and RF were stored at-20 °C until hormonal assays.Results： In Experiment 1, there was no reduction（P 〉 0.05） of blood flow in the remaining follicle walls after TVFA and maximum blood flow values were observed at 49.5 ± 19.7 h post-TVFA. In Experiment 2, formation of RF after TVFA was proportionally similar between Controls（5/9） and EB（5/10） cows. Also, RF diameter did not differ between groups（P 〉 0.05）. Nonetheless, the content of RF from cows in the EB group had lower（P = 0.0004）estradiol（E2） concentration and lower（P = 0.0005） E2：P4 ratio compared with Controls.Conclusions： In conclusion, 1） the persistence of vascularization in the remaining follicle wall may contribute to the formation of RF after follicle aspiration, and 2） the treatment with estradiol benzoate does not prevent formation of RF,but does reduce their estradiol production.