Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical an...Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.展开更多
Due to the rapid development of society,public places,especially large shopping malls,are relatively frequent places for emergencies.Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property,but also bri...Due to the rapid development of society,public places,especially large shopping malls,are relatively frequent places for emergencies.Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property,but also bring great psychological pressure to citizens.Therefore,this study is of great significance for the exploration and study of public place emergencies.The research object of this study is the public shopping mall.Based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and guided by the relevant principles of social force model,this study utilize the pedestrian storehouse in the platform as the core module to build the simulation environment,and attempts to simulate the police force restraining effect on the overall event and the perpetrators after the occur of emergent incident under different police force allocations.In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data,the research team conducted field survey to estimate the average flow of people and the general data of the security personnel in shopping malls,also estimated the rest rain and capture time after repeated experiments.The results indicate that increasing additional police force outside the shopping malls and pre-organizing reasonable patrol routes can obviously facilitate police officers to restrain perpetrators.Meanwhile,it is also clear that the AnyLogic platform can effectively simulate pedestrian movement and interaction behaviour in emergencies.展开更多
文摘Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.
文摘Due to the rapid development of society,public places,especially large shopping malls,are relatively frequent places for emergencies.Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property,but also bring great psychological pressure to citizens.Therefore,this study is of great significance for the exploration and study of public place emergencies.The research object of this study is the public shopping mall.Based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and guided by the relevant principles of social force model,this study utilize the pedestrian storehouse in the platform as the core module to build the simulation environment,and attempts to simulate the police force restraining effect on the overall event and the perpetrators after the occur of emergent incident under different police force allocations.In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data,the research team conducted field survey to estimate the average flow of people and the general data of the security personnel in shopping malls,also estimated the rest rain and capture time after repeated experiments.The results indicate that increasing additional police force outside the shopping malls and pre-organizing reasonable patrol routes can obviously facilitate police officers to restrain perpetrators.Meanwhile,it is also clear that the AnyLogic platform can effectively simulate pedestrian movement and interaction behaviour in emergencies.
