Research on the Judicial Relief System of Villagers' Autonomy Rights

Starting from the division of the functions of the village committee,the use of self-government rights of the villagers was examined in view of the different functions.Judicial remedies should be screened whether or not the exercise of autonomy,as well as the main disputes in order to determine the specific litigation.The responsibility determination of the villagers' autonomy rights prosecution in different circumstances is put forward.

Analysis on the Offside and Vacancy in the Administration of the Village Party Branch and the Villagers′ Committee in Sichuan Province——Based on Villagers′ Autonomy

In the paper, the researches on the administration scope, the leadership style of the village party branch, the core status of village party branch and the autonomy of villagers′ committee are expounded. On the basis of the empirical investigation of countryside in Sichuan Province, the offside and vacancy of the administration of the "two committees in village" in the villagers′ autonomy are studied tentatively. The results show that the offside and vacancy of the "two committees in village" can be divided into three types, covering the village party branch-dominated, the villagers′ committee-dominated type and the antagonism of the two village committees. The reasons for the offside and vacancy of administration of the "two committees in village" are analyzed, including the fragility of the two committees of the village; the imbalanced power sources of the two committees of the village; the imbalance of the competition for interests of the two committees and the negative effects of traditional politics and culture. The countermeasures are put forward, for example, reinforcing the system construction of rural grassroots organizations; expanding the democratic election modes such as "two-vote system " and "selecting one from the two recommended"; establishing the coordinative and supervisory mechanisms between the two committees in the village and introducing into college-graduate village officials to improve the quality of rural cadres.

Implementation of Villagers Autonomy on Fast Lane——In commemoration of the fifth anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the Organic Law of the Villagers Committees

It is already five years since the 10-year-old experimental law on the organization of villagers committees adopted in November 1987 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress was made permanent, ending an intense political debate about how much independence villagers committees should be given to manage village affairs and to what extent villagers should be allowed to choose their leaders. It is five years in which the implementation of villagers autonomy as defined by the law proceeded the fastest and the achievements were the most fruitful. Local laws Over the past five years, all places

Action Mechanism of Relation Skills of Villager Autonomy Organizations on Operation Performance of Farmer Households

Through building " relation skills- knowledge acquisition- operation performance",this paper discussed action mechanism of relation skills of villager autonomy organizations on operation performance of farmer households. On the basis of questionnaire survey of 208 farmer households in Guangdong,it studied influence of relation skills of villager autonomy organizations on operation performance of farmer households from hierarchical relation skills and market relation skills,and introduced knowledge acquisition as mediator variables to discuss the influence mechanism. Results indicate that relation skills and knowledge acquisition have positive influence on operation performance of farmer households,knowledge acquisition takes intermediate action on market relation skills and operation performance,while hierarchical relation skills promote improvement of operation performance only through acquisition of explicit knowledge.

Research on Coordinated Development and Optimization of Distribution Networks at All Levels in Distributed Power Energy Engineering

The uncertainty of distributed generation energy has dramatically challenged the coordinated development of distribution networks at all levels.This paper focuses on the multi-time-scale regulation model of distributed generation energy under normal conditions.The simulation results of the example verify the self-optimization characteristics and the effectiveness of real-time dispatching of the distribution network control technology at all levels under multiple time scales.

Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

"Emperor's Power Far Away from the Countryside"and"Town in Charge of Village Affairs":The Extreme Grass-roots Management System is Not Conducive to the Healthy Development of the Countryside

This paper compares the two different rural management methods of"emperor’s power far away from the countryside"and"town in charge of village affairs",which shows that the extreme grass-roots management system is not conducive to rural development.This paper also points out that rural development needs to find a road of sustainable development in line with its own characteristics,which is the fundamental shortcut to change poverty and become rich for a long time.

Village Autonomy:A Quiet Revolution In Rural China

A "quiet revolution" is gathering momentum in China, in which the rural masses are proving to be forerunners in the country’s endeavor to improve and develop its socialist democracy. According to statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, more than 600 million rural people in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have over the past decade taken part in elections and reelections of what is known as "villagers’ committees’—organs of selfgovernment by and for the rural population. The ministry has also reported that the voter turnout averages 80％ and in some cases, as high as 95％. Until now, villagers’ committees have been set up in 80％ of the villages across the length and breadth

China Teache Women to Go for Village Autonomy

Li Xiaoyan, the first woman to chair the Yantouzhai Villagers’ Committee in Guzhang County of South China’s Hunan Province, felther heart go pit-a-pat after devouring China’s first book guiding rural women to run for village elections.

Pedaling for a Cause A Chinese adventurer cycles through Africa to raise money to power a village in Benin

Yuan Jianglei has an amazing story to tell. The 27 year old is one of a handful of people who can say they have cycled through Africa - solo.Yuan began his epic adventure in the West African country of Benin, ending 10,544 km and 333 days later in his hometown of Ningbo, east China＇s Zhejiang Province.

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

乡村旅游产业公共性何以缺失?——一项基于村集体注意力分配视角的个案研究

乡村旅游产业的发展具有实现农民增收、促进共同富裕的公共价值,但实践中却频繁出现联农带农效果有限等公共性不足的问题。在重庆市H村乡村旅游“共富项目”案例中,村集体与政府的目标和行动逻辑存在差异,产业实践与村集体有限的治理条件之间发生冲突,导致村集体的注意力分配出现失灵。村集体注意力分配的内生动力不足、价值判断偏差和主体责任模糊导致了乡村旅游公共性的缺失。因此,通过赋权增能实现能力强化、通过共识凝聚实现动力激活,是矫正村集体的注意力分配、提升乡村旅游产业发展公共性、切实实现乡村产业振兴的可行之举。

“村改居”类村庄共同体的嬗变与重塑

村庄共同体是包含经济、政治、文化等要素在内的社会结构,它依循农村社会的经济、政治、文化逻辑而展开,学界形成了“利益-共同体”“权力-共同体”“价值-共同体”等研究范式。改革开放以来,“村改居”的中国城镇化及基层社会治理实践,使得村庄共同体呈现不同于以往的特点,主要表现在:利益格局由分化趋向整合,权力配置由国家向社会倾斜,传统价值认同由强劲向式微转化。在中国城镇化实践和国家治理现代化建设的时代背景下,“村改居”类村庄要实现生活进城、文化还乡,就需要根据国家倡导的城乡融合发展的治理战略,撷取城与乡的各自优势,科学构建利益关系协调机制,把集体经济的蛋糕做大分好,重塑村庄共同体的经济秩序;推动形成“三治”融合治理格局,践行全过程人民民主,重塑村庄共同体的政治秩序;传承弘扬村庄传统文化,激活村庄集体记忆,重塑村庄共同体的文化秩序。

乡村治理现代化进程中的村民自治:乡村全过程人民民主的制度实践研究

乡村治理现代化是国家治理现代化的重要组成部分,也是实现乡村振兴的基石。村民自治作为乡村治理现代化的实践产物,是乡村全过程人民民主的制度创新。村民的广泛参与要求、乡村社会结构矛盾转变以及国家与基层协同推动构成了乡村全过程人民民主制度创新的基本逻辑。在实践过程中,乡村自治存在功能悬浮化、实施形式化、发展非均衡化、“微”腐败凸显化、嵌入待融合化等现实张力,使得乡村全过程人民民主面临着挑战。今后需要从完善村民自治制度体系,协调民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督发展,加强正式制度与乡规民约耦合,优化乡村社会的人文环境等方面完善村民自治,以促进乡村基层全过程人民民主的发展。

文化生态学视域下的体育非物质文化遗产研究:概念界定、现实困境与破解路径

以“文化生态学”视角管窥体育非物质文化遗产的发展,对体育非物质文化遗产的传承发展具有重要意义。采用文献资料、综合分析等研究方法,对“文化生态学”“体育非物质文化遗产”和“体育非物质文化遗产文化生态”的概念进行界定,探究文化生态学视域下体育非物质文化遗产发展的现实困境与破解路径。研究认为,文化认同降低、传承人断层、本真性丧失和社会组织缺位是存在的现实困境。从而提出重塑时代价值,提升文化认同;创新传承方式,拓展传承人群体;与旅游融合,构建生态旅游新模式;建立现代社会组织,提高自治能力的破解路径。

村民委员会作为行政诉讼被告的制度逻辑

2018年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》将村民委员会列入行政诉讼被告范围,然而司法解释内容的含糊以及司法解释在我国法律体系中的合法性,使得村委会作为行政诉讼被告存在争议,以致受案范围局促。《宪法》第111条和《宪法》第三章将作为自治组织的村民委员会置于国家机构的范围,明确了村委会是国家治理的重要组成部分,确立了村委会作为行政诉讼被告的宪法基础。从1982年开始的中央一号文件到《村委会组织法》,从《行政诉讼法》修订到最高院司法解释,村委会作为行政诉讼被告的制度规范越来越清晰。中国裁判文书网上的64份有关村委会做被告的判决或裁定,尽管存在着认可或不认可,但村委会作为行政诉讼被告的制度实践已经客观存在着。在国家治理能力现代化的当下,村委会作为自治与法治的“双重身份”已然越来越突出。村委会作为行政诉讼被告有助于更好地协调村民与村委会之间的纠纷,从而推动法治中国下和谐乡村的建设。

自治与他治:乡村振兴背景下农村移风易俗工作的实践与反思——以农村婚丧嫁娶的移风易俗为例

通过对8省(区)32村调研,分析总结以红白理事为基层自治组织主体推进红白事改革的运行逻辑与实践效果,为乡村振兴中进一步推进移风易俗工作提供实践经验。调研发现,婚丧嫁娶的移风易俗减轻了村民负担,巩固了脱贫攻坚成果,促进了乡村发展,其中红白理事会发挥着关键作用,成为国家制度与乡村文化秩序的链接形式,但也面临行政管理与村民自治如何兼容、外在规范与内生力量如何有效融合等挑战。

乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。

权力结构视域下的国家与村庄善治——以J省J市一个城郊村庄为例

国家是村庄治理权力结构中的关键一环,是保障村庄善治的重要力量。在城乡社会转型过程中,随着村庄经济功能弱化,精英流失导致村庄权力主体弱化,行政村之下的自然村出现权力结构失衡与治理失序的内卷化现象。党的十九大提出“推动社会治理中心向基层下移”。2019年在全国迅速开展的“扫黑除恶”专项行动,有效震慑了农村黑恶势力。实践证明,从国家与村庄的关系而论,国家权力下沉,通过公权力介入与规制监督,可以引导村庄实现善治,促进基层社会更加公平正义。