Spatial Prediction of Heavy Metal Pollution for Soils in Peri-Urban Beijing, China Based on Fuzzy Set Theory

Fuzzy classification combined with spatial prediction was used to assess the state of soil pollution in the peri-urban Beijing area. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in 220 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) collected using a grid design in a study area of 2600 km2. Heavy metal concentrations were grouped into three classes according to the optimum number of classes and fuzziness exponent using the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) algorithm. Membership values were interpolated using ordinary kriging. The polluted soils of the study area induced by the measured heavy metals were concentrated in the northwest corner and eastern part, especially the southeastern part close to the urban zone, whereas the soils free of pollution were mainly distributed in the southwestern part. The soils with potential risk of heavy metal pollution were located in isolated spots mainly in the northern part and southeastern corner of the study region. The FCM algorithm combined with geostatistical techniques, as compared to conventional single geostatistical kriging methods, could produce a prediction with a quantitative uncertainty evaluation and higher reliability. Successful prediction of soil pollution achieved with FCM algorithm in this study indicated that fuzzy set theory had great potential for use in other areas of soil science.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Facility Agriculture of Guangxi

[Objectives]To study the characteristics of soil heavy metal contents in facility agriculture of Guangxi and analyze its risks.[Methods]The heavy metal content of 30 surface soil samples taken from facility agriculture in Guangxi was analyzed.The status of soil heavy metal pollution in facility agriculture of Guangxi was evaluated by the single factor index method,geo-accumulation index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method with reference to the soil background value in Guangxi.[Results]Compared with the soil background value in Guangxi,the over-limit rates of heavy metals cadmium,lead,arsenic,chromium,mercury,copper and zinc in soil samples were 56.67%,56.67%,16.67%,30.00%,50.00%,60.00%and 80.00%,respectively.Compared with the screening values of the Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(for trial implementation)(GB15618-2018),the overlimit rates of the heavy metals cadmium,arsenic,copper and zinc in the surface soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi were 56.67%,10.00%,16.67%and 23.33%,respectively.Except for the average content of soil cadmium exceeding the screening value,the evaluation content of the other six soil heavy metals did not exceed the screening value.According to the evaluation results of the single factor pollution index method,the surface soil arsenic and chromium of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the clean level,lead,mercury,and copper belonged to mild pollution,and cadmium and zinc belonged to moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the geo-accumulation index,the lead,arsenic,chromium and mercury in the surface soil of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the pollution-free level,while the cadmium,copper and zinc belonged to the mild-moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index method,the potential ecological risks of the heavy metals of lead,arsenic,chromium,copper and zinc in the soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to low potential ecological risk level,and the potential ecological risks of cadmium and mercury belonged to moderate risk level.The potential ecological risk index(RI)of the seven heavy metals in the soil was 132.46,which belonged to moderate potential ecological risk.The largest contribution of soil heavy metals to the potential ecological risk index was cadmium and mercury.[Conclusions]Taking the soil of facility agriculture in Guangxi as the object,this paper studied the characteristics of heavy metal content in facility agricultural soil and its risk assessment,in order to provide a scientific basis for facility soil heavy metal risk prevention and control and provide safe technology for facility agriculture.

Spatiotemporal simulation and predication of heavy metal(loid) concentrations in coal chemical industrial areas with a soil environmental capacity model

Heavy metal (loid)(HM) accumulation in the soil and the HM spatiotemporal distribution have important implication for soil pollution prevention and remediation. The present study investigated the concentrations and spatiotemporal distributions of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) in the topsoil of a coal chemical plant in Ningxia Aulonomous region (Ningxia), China. Topsoil samples (/?= 153) were obtained using the checkerboard method, and the HM concentrations were determined. The soil residual rates of the five HMs were measured with leaching experinients and were applied in a soil environmental capacity model to predict the quarHitiHive variation of the HM concentrations. The predicted results were employed to estimate the HM spatiotemporal distribution within 2() years with the Kriging technique. The number of sampling sites, where all five HM concentratio ns exceed their corresponding background values in Ningxia, would be increased from 0 to 90% within 1() years of the plant operation. In addition, Pb and Cd were distributed along the traffic routes. Mercury and As were distributed near fuel gas emission vents. Chromium was mainly accumulated in slag dumps. The study may provide the theoretical and practical foun d at ion for future HM pollution control in coal chemical plants.

Study on the proposed environmental guidelines for Cd, Hg, Pb and As in soil of China

This paper deals with the soil-environmental standard. According to the current situation of researching on the soil-environmental quality guideline at home and abroad, and on the basis of the foundations and principles of enacting the soil-environmental standard, the soil environment quality guideline values of Hg, Cd, Pb and As were suggested.

Derivation of soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for safety of vegetable planting: A case study for pakchoi in Guangdong Province,China

Regional guidelines for soil heavy metals,in conjunction with specific crops,are proposed to better assess soil environmental quality.In this study,large amounts of soils with different levels of Pb/Cd/As pollution were collected in Guangdong Province,China,to carry out a pot experiment,which was closer to the actual situation and properties of the heavy metal contaminated soils.Taking the widely planted vegetable pakchoi as the research object,we analyzed the correlations between the Pb/Cd/As concentrations in pakchoi and the total or available soil Pb/Cd/As concentrations and established their optimal regression equations.And then,the total and available soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for pakchoi were calculated according to the allowable Pb/Cd/As limits in pakchoi and were compared with the current soil assessment standards.Furthermore,a lot of paired vegetable-soil samples in field were collected and their pollution situations were assessed by both the current limit thresholds and the calculated thresholds.Obviously,it was more consistent to assess the Cd and As pollution situation of the vegetable and soil samples with the calculated soil thresholds than the current soil assessment thresholds.It further proved that it was necessary to explore the soil heavy metal thresholds for safety of vegetable in specific regions,which would be more scientific and practical to guide safety production of local agricultural products and effective utilization of soil resources.

Soil Pollution along Kalwa Bridge at Thane Creek of Maharashtra, India

The present investigation deals with the assessment of pollution status along the wetland of Thane Creek, which has been subjected to a lot of pollution from the Asia’s biggest Thane—Belapur Industrial Complex located at the south of Mumbai harbor along the west coast of India. This paper advocates habitat conservation and ecological studies with special reference to the physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal pollution in the soil along the creek area. In the present investigation, the pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, alkalinity and chlorinity values recorded were observed to be high during dry seasons and low during rainy season. The soil samples were also analyzed for their heavy metal contents like nickel, zinc, cadmium, copper, iron, arsenic and mercury. It was observed that, the concentration of these heavy metals increases gradually in dry seasons, followed by sharp decrease during rainy season. These heavy metals have a marked effect on the aquatic flora and fauna which through bio magnification enter the food chain and ultimately affect the human beings as well. The present experimental data on heavy metal pollution in soil samples collected along Kalwa bridge of Thane Creek points out to the need of regular monitoring of water resources and further improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods. If the present conditions continue for a long period, the creek may soon become ecologically inactive.

基于地理最优相似性的土壤重金属镉含量空间预测

以地理相似性定律为基础,利用野外采集的40个土壤样本数据,结合环境辅助变量构建地理最优相似性(GOS)模型,对研究区域重金属镉含量及其空间分布进行预测研究,并将预测结果与偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林(RF)和通用克里格(UK)模型的结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:研究区内土壤样本镉质量分数均值(0.432 mg/kg)比背景值大,接近中度污染水平(污染指数为2.18),区域土壤生态环境受到一定的威胁;GOS预测结果的决定系数为0.668,均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为0.096和0.080,在4个预测模型中表现最佳;区域重金属Cd质量分数从东北部向西南部递减,高值分布于河流沿岸和人类活动密集区域,反映出人类活动是导致研究区内土壤重金属分异的主要因素。

上海市奉贤区农田土壤-农产品中的重金属含量特征和污染评价

为分析奉贤区农田土壤和农产品的重金属污染状况,采集粮田、菜田和果园3种作物的农田土壤及其对应农产品,分别测定土壤8种重金属元素(Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni)和农产品5种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg)的含量特征,采用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法、积累指数法和富集因子等方法对土壤-农产品中重金属元素进行污染风险评价,并将地统计学与因子分析相结合分析农田土壤重金属的空间分布特征。结果表明:与上海市土壤背景值相比,奉贤区农田土壤Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn和Ni的平均含量较高,分别是背景值的1.40、1.36、1.06、1.15倍和1.44倍。单项及综合污染指数值显示土壤重金属处于无污染水平;但Cd、Ni、Hg元素的积累指数值显示无-中度污染水平,其中有4.92%农田土壤处于Hg元素的中度污染。在空间分布上,Hg呈连片分布;As、Cd整体含量低,南北区域分布;Cr、Zn呈条带状分布,自南往北递增状态;Pb呈散点状分布;Cu元素整体含量高,呈东西梯度分布;Ni元素呈岛状分布。因子分析中,因子1包括Cu和Zn,因子2是Pb,因子3包括Cd、Cr,因子4是Ni,因子5是As和因子6是Hg。奉贤地区土壤重金属含量主要受到工业源、农业源、交通源和自然源影响较大,应加强污染源控制,降低风险水平。农产品样中的5种重金属均未超出标准限量值,单项及综合污染指数值显示农产品重金属属于清洁水平。经土样和农产品样中的重金属含量相关性分析,两者无相关,农产品对土壤重金属的富集因子较小。不同土地利用方式对土壤和农产品中重金属含量影响较大,菜地土壤和农产品对Cd较为敏感,吸收能力较强,而果园土壤和农产品对各重金属吸收总体较弱。在农业生产中可以根据作物吸收重金属特性来调整种植结构,以减轻重金属污染。综合来看,奉贤区土壤-农产品系统中重金属累积程度低,但局部农田土壤中重金属含量存在轻微污染,需引起重视。

干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属含量高光谱反演

对新疆渭库绿洲土壤样本的As、Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu共6种重金属含量与高光谱关系进行分析,基于逐步回归方法筛选出特征波段,采用地理加权回归(GWR)和普通最小二乘法回归(OLS)构建土壤重金属的高光谱反演模型.结果显示:1)研究区的6种重金属元素含量存在一定的差异,土壤中的平均重金属含量依次为Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>As>Hg,均未超过国家土壤背景值.研究区的Pb平均含量高于当地(新疆)土壤背景值,即研究区表土层中的Pb元素明显富集;2)不同的光谱变换使土壤重金属的光谱特征均得到了增强,但强度有所差异,经过二阶微分变换(SD)和一阶立方根微分变换(CRFD)的土壤光谱相对于原始光谱增强最显著;3)从模型验证来看,在反演6个土壤重金属元素含量时,GWR的R^(2)高于OLS,其中Zn的R^(2)接近0.8,Cu的R^(2)接近0.6,表明模型有一定预测能力,而As、Hg、Pb和Cr的R^(2)均依然低于0.5,模型预测能力并不理想;4)两种模型预测的6种土壤重金属含量的空间分布表现出一定的空间差异性.其中,As元素空间分布差异在这两种预测模型中最大,而其余5种重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu的分布则较为均匀.通过高光谱反射率估算土壤重金属元素含量,实现了干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属元素含量的高效快速反演,为干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属元素含量动态监测提供了可靠的技术支撑.

有机肥与化肥配施对夏播玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响

为探索有机肥与化肥配施对全株玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响,以乐玉1号玉米为试材,通过田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、全部化肥(HF)、牛粪单施(N1)、牛粪替代20%化肥(N2)、牛粪替代30%化肥(N3)、羊粪单施(Y1)、羊粪替代20%化肥(Y2)、羊粪替代30%化肥(Y3)共8个处理,测定全株玉米干草产量、氮磷钾素积累量和重金属含量以及土壤理化性质等相关指标。结果表明,Y2和Y3处理的全株玉米干草产量和氮磷钾积累量优于其他处理;N2处理的Cu积累量和Y1处理的Zn积累量最高;0~20cm土层以N3处理的有机质、速效磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和阳离子交换含量最高。可见,低总氮水平下,羊粪替代20%和30%化肥处理对全株玉米生长及养分积累有积极作用,牛粪替代30%化肥改良土壤肥力效果较好。

基于UNMIX模型和多元地统计模拟的土壤重金属的来源解析及空间预测

为摸清江苏省太仓市土壤重金属来源和污染情况,开展土壤表层样品采集和重金属含量分析,选取新型受体(UNMIX)模型解析重金属的来源和贡献,并采用地累积指数和多元地统计技术,实现重金属污染的定量评价和空间预测。结果表明:1)As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni和Zn的含量较高,超过全国和江苏省土壤重金属背景值;Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn的富集程度较高,而As、Cr和Ni的富集系数正常,与自然基础水平相近。2)8种重金属元素呈现岛状的空间分布特征,并在部分区域存在高值区,表明人类活动对土壤环境具有负面效应。3)土壤重金属受到交通-工业源、自然-农业源、工业-自然源和农业-工业源的综合影响,贡献率分别为35.18%、27.32%、20.26%和17.24%。其中Hg、Pb、Ni、Cu和Zn主要来源于交通-工业源,Cr、Zn和Cu主要源自自然-农业源,As和Ni主要为工业-自然源,Cd主要为农业-工业源。4)Cd、Hg和Ni,污染程度最高,60.38%以上的点位达到轻度污染及以上等级;As、Cu和Zn,污染居中;Cr和Pb的影响较低。5)Ni、Cd和Hg的污染面积最大,分别达到107.42、75.56和55.02 km^(2),且潜在污染空间成片分布。该研究作为土壤基础调查的核心,可为土壤环境管理和重金属污染修复提供科学依据。

基于RF和MLR的土壤重金属影响因素分析及生物有效性预测

为探究影响土壤中重金属累积和生物有效性的因素,以桂北地区某铅锌矿流域为研究对象,综合运用单因子指数法、风险评价编码法(RAC)、多元线性回归模型(MLR)和随机森林模型(RF)进行土壤重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu和Cr)累积影响因素分析及生物有效性预测。结果表明:研究区Cr含量无超标且空间分布相对均匀(变异系数为0.51);Cu、Pb和Zn的含量均值(分别为52.58、280.31 mg·kg^(-1)和654.71 mg·kg^(-1))均大于广西西江流域土壤重金属背景值,在思的河山前和地下河入口处全量和生物有效性均较大,对土壤生态环境具有一定风险;对于重金属全量分布和生物有效态的影响因素,阳离子交换量(CEC)、黏粒(Clay)、土壤有机质(SOM)和铁铝氧化物对Cr影响较大,SOM、Clay、pH和铁铝氧化物对Cu影响较大,pH、电导率(EC)和Clay对Pb影响较大,CEC、pH、土壤质地和铁铝氧化物对Zn影响较大;生物有效性预测结果显示RF和MLR均可较好地预测土壤重金属的全量与次生相,其中RF预测的R2区间为0.44~0.93,MLR预测的R2区间为0.30~0.72,RF预测结果表现更为准确。

基于SPA-BPNN的成都市天府新区东部土壤As含量高光谱估测建模

为明确成都平原城市边缘带土壤中重金属As含量,以四川省成都市天府新区东部为研究区,对土壤原始高光谱数据进行一阶微分(FD)、二阶微分(SD)、去包络线(CR)和标准正态变换(SNV)处理,利用皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)和连续投影算法(SPA)筛选出最佳变换光谱的特征波段,分别建立偏最小二乘(PLSR)、极限学习机(ELM)、随机森林(RF)和BP神经网络(BPNN)4种回归模型,利用高光谱数据进行土壤重金属As含量估测并进行精度验证。结果表明,经去包络线一阶微分(CR-FD)变换的光谱与土壤重金属As含量相关性显著提升,由0.473提高到0.848;无论是基于PCC还是SPA算法筛选出的特征波段,非线性模型的拟合度以及预测精度均高于线性模型;相对于PCC算法,利用SPA算法筛选的特征波段建立的模型预测精度明显提升,PLSR、ELM、RF、BPNN模型验证集的决定系数(R2)分别为0.786、0.847、0.856、0.942。因此,以SPA算法筛选出的光谱波段作为自变量构建的BPNN模型(SPA-BPNN)是研究区内As含量的最优估测模型。

猪场沼液还田对土壤和植物重金属含量的影响

还田消纳是猪场沼液资源化利用的主要方式。由于沼液中含有多种金属元素,过量浇灌会引发土壤重金属污染。目前,关于猪场沼液对耕地土壤和植物重金属污染特征的影响及其影响因子的研究还不够深入。在广西生猪养殖区,选取了4种不同耕地利用类型(叶菜类、果树类、饲草类、药草类)和14个样地,就不同沼液浇灌强度对土壤与植物重金属的影响规律及其影响因子进行研究。结果表明:在14个样地0~40 cm表层土壤中,重金属Cu、Zn、Cd的输入强度最大,且其含量和土壤pH变化和与沼液浇灌总量呈显著(p<0.05)正相关;在4种耕地类型中,杂交象草和空心菜的可食用部分Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr含量与沼液浇灌总量呈显著正相关;在沼液还田中,由于Cu、Zn的输入强度大,而植物对其的富集系数又较低,因此土壤中Cu、Zn积累较快;浇灌沼液对叶菜类和果树类的主要污染风险是Pb和Cd,而对杂交象草的污染风险较小。

荒漠草原不同重金属污染对牛枝子叶片—土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

探究荒漠草原牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)在不同重金属污染梯度下的生长状况,通过其不同重金属污染梯度下牛枝子叶片及土壤中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量的变化以及对其他土壤理化性质的变化,明确在不同重金属污染梯度下牛枝子对养分的利用状况、生态适应策略。结果表明:在不同污染梯度下牛枝子叶片总C含量变化差异不明显,牛枝子叶片全N、全P含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。土壤总C、全N、全P含量在对照组CK下最高,随着重金属污染梯度的升高整体呈下降的趋势,随着重金属污染梯度的升高,土壤速效P、速效K、电导率整体上呈先上升后下降的趋势,土壤碱解氮整体呈下降趋势,土壤pH变化不显著。牛枝子叶片全N与全P与土壤总C呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤总C与土壤全N、土壤C/N、C/P、N/P表现出极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在低浓度重金属下促进植物吸收营养元素,但过了其承载的重金属浓度时就会阻碍植物对营养元素的吸收。

自适应进化模型下的土壤重金属含量预测

针对Elman神经网络在土壤重金属含量预测时出现预测精度低、模型收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种自适应进化模型(AEM)。该模型以Elman神经网络为基础,运用贝叶斯正则化优化Elman神经网络的目标函数,提高网络模型预测精度;为解决网络模型收敛速度慢和易陷入局部极值等缺陷,采用自适应灰狼算法(AGWA)对网络模型初始参数进行优化;采用基于熵权距离的离群点检测法剔除数据中的离群点,以降低离群点对预测结果的干扰。以武汉市农业科学院采集的农田土壤重金属含量数据进行预测试验,AEM模型预测重金属含量的平均绝对误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别为1.623和17.48%,其决定系数比Elman的提高了0.394。AEM、自调整反距离加权插值模型(SIDIM)、小波神经网络模型(CBSA-WNN)、双向门控循环神经网络模型(SBGRNN)及Elman神经网络模型等5种不同预测模型进行对比试验表明,AEM模型在土壤重金属含量预测上具有更高的准确性。消融试验结果表明,贝叶斯正则化优化、自适应灰狼算法优化和基于熵权距离的离群点检测的离群点数据剔除等3个改进点对于提升土壤重金属含量预测精度均有一定的贡献。

滇中高原哀牢山不同林分土壤重金属污染特征及其生态风险评价

为探究滇中高原哀牢山不同林分类型土壤重金属的分布特征及对其潜在生态风险进行评价,选取哀牢山4种林分(常绿阔叶林、高山栎林、华山松林、滇油杉林)土壤为研究对象,采集林分土壤,对该土壤进行7种重金属(Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、As、Ni)、有机质含量和pH进行检测分析。以云南省土壤背景值和国家土壤环境质量标准(Ⅰ级)作为参比值,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法(Potential ecologicalrisk index)评价研究区不同林分土壤重金属潜在生态危害效应。结果表明,研究区内土壤中Zn的含量最高,其次是Mn,其余5种都在5 mg/kg以下,pH均为酸性,有机质的含量常绿阔叶林最高,滇油杉林、华山松林次之,高山栎林最低,变异系数为18.32%~37.26%。常绿阔叶林土壤中Pb和pH为显著负相关(P<0.05),与有机质显著正相关(P<0.05);高山栎林Pb和Ni极显著负相关(P<0.01),As和有机质显著正相关(P<0.05);华山松林Mn与Pb显著正相关(P<0.05);滇油杉林Zn和Pb、Ni、有机质为负相关外,其余4种重金属和pH均为正相关,且相关性均不显著(P>0.05);有机质与Zn的相关性较强可聚类为一组。4种林分土壤重金属的单种和多种土壤重金属潜在生态危害都处于轻微风险状态,单种重金属潜在生态危害程度平均值由大到小排序为As、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cr、Mn,多种土壤重金属潜在生态危害程度由大到小排序为华山松林、滇油杉林、常绿阔叶林、高山栎林。

北汝河饮水源地土壤重金属元素污染特征分析

为探讨北汝河襄城段饮水源地土壤重金属含量特征,采用单因子评价法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对饮水源地附近土壤中的重金属含量特征进行综合评价.结果表明:水源地污染主要受到Pb、Zn、Cu三种元素影响,Pb、Zn、As、Cu、Ni、Cr元素分别是环境背景值的1.34、1.03、0.87、1.36、0.70、0.97倍.研究区由Pb单因子污染指数最高是2.35,最低是0.71,处于轻度污染范围和清洁无污染范围.7个研究区中内梅罗综合污染指数最低为0.63,最大为3.06,2%土壤样品污染等级为安全,14%处于警戒线,60%属于轻度污染,6%属于中度污染,2%属于重度污染.7个研究区中Pb、Zn、As、Cu、Ni、Cr六种元素都有不同程度的超标,其中北汝河北岸土壤重金属Pb元素超标程度最高.

河北省张北地区土壤和莜麦重金属含量及健康风险研究

为探讨河北省张北地区土壤和莜麦中重金属元素含量及健康风险,选择17个适宜采样点进行表层土壤和莜麦籽实样品的采集,通过单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和富集系数分别对土壤质量和重金属元素从土壤向莜麦迁移能力进行研究。结果表明:研究区土壤和莜麦中重金属含量远低于国家标准,品质安全健康;区内重金属元素在土壤-莜麦系统中富集能力为Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>As>Pb>Cr=Hg, Ni、Cu和Zn的富集系数远高于Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb, Cd迁移能力很弱,As、Pb几乎不发生迁移,Cr、Hg不发生迁移。

伊河流域(栾川-嵩县段)土壤重金属元素变化特征及元素含量变化预测分析

本文通过对比2016年和2022年伊河流域(栾川-嵩县段)土壤重金属数据,采用平均相对累积率计算和年均增长量计算方法,探究伊河流域(栾川-嵩县段)2016年和2022年土壤重金属变化特征并对其含量变化做出预测分析。其中伊河流域(栾川-嵩县段)土壤中Cr元素平均相对累积率17.1%,年均增长量为0.02mg/kg·a^(-1),Cd元素平均相对累积率26.7%,年均增长量为2.77mg/kg·a^(-1),具有在持续增长下超出风险管制值和管控值范围的风险。Hg平均相对累积率-89.2%,年均增长量为-0.24mg/kg·a^(-1),Pb平均相对累积率-40.7%,年均增长量为-14.23mg/kg·a^(-1),存在下降趋势,在现有措施下对存在污染风险土地进行管控修复有望使流域内土壤中Hg和Pb元素含量水平保持在风险筛选值以下。