Prevention and control measures of the major cold-region diseases (hypertension) in China

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in clinical practice and a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events.There are more than 270 million hypertension patients in China,and the prevalence of hypertension in the high-latitude cold areas is significantly higher than in the low-latitude warm areas.The unique epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in the cold regions of China urge for establishment of the prevention and control system for targeted and more effective management of the condition.

Synbiotic for Prevention of SARS-Cov2 Infection in High Risk Hospital Staffs: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 increasingly involves people worldwide. Probiotics can improve immune system functions via different mechanisms. We proposed that Synbiotic Lactocare? may also reduce SARS-Cov2 infection in high-risk medical staff working in COVID-19 hospital wards. Method: In a randomized, controlled trial, 60 hospital staff without any history of clinical or laboratory evidence of SARS-Cov2 infection were received either once-daily oral synbiotic capsule (Lactocare?) that contains 1 billion CFU/Cap of L. (Lactobacillus) casei, L. rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, L. bulgaricus, and Fructooligosacharide (Zist Takhmir, Tehran, Iran) or placebo with the same appearance for 30 days. They were followed for two months. Result: During the two-month period of this study, SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results were positive in three participants (9.67%) in placebo group compared to zero positive tests in synbiotic group. The differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.238). During the study, two persons (7 %) of placebo group had respiratory complaints such as cough, rhinorrhea and/or dyspnea, compared with one in synbiotic group (p = 0.492). Conclusion: This study showed that overall frequency of SARS-COV2 infection in participants receiving synbiotic and those receiving placebo did not differ significantly. However, 3 hospital staff in placebo group compared to no one in synbiotic group had SARS-COV2 infection. Further studies with greater power and alternative probiotic strains and mixture are warranted to determine whether Synbiotic can prevent COVID-19 in at-risk hospital staff.

Possible Mechanical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19 by Insects: Infection, Prevention, Implications, and Control

The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has few similarities with pandemic flu viruses, the respiratory system and immune system are damaged through the viruses infected the population who has weakened immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spreads when people don’t have the sign and symptoms. This virus COVID-19 appears to spread more easily than the flu, and asymptomatic transmission may account for a greater proportion of COVID-19’s spreader over the World. In inundation of the current understanding, the roles of insect vectors are helping in the transmission of viral pathogens as well and the possible roles of some newly joined insects in the mechanical transmission of COVID-19. We also specifically provide the prevention and control methods related to contamination, disease burden, risk pattern in the family, near and dear to maintain the precision of social distancing and development of the immune system to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

Research on prevention and cure against heat-harm in constructing mines

With the mine exploitation depth getting deeper and deeper, the mine heat-harm turns into another natural disaster after the five disasters, which are the roof, the gas, the fire, the dust and the flood disaster. Compared with other researches on prevention and cure against the heat-harm, the research on prevention and cure against the heat-harm in constructing mine are less. Referring to the experience of prevention and cure against the heat-harm home and ＇abroad, analyzing the characteristic of cooling in the constructing mine, and based on the ground former freezing equipments and the modified mine temporary cooling equipments, the paper proposed four technical projects. By comparing with the four technical projects, the second project is preponderant both in technology and economy and can solve the heat-harm of the constructing mine, which is proved by the forecast and calculation. The project can be widely applied in de-temperature tasks of high temperature and heat-harm mines during the mine constructing period and in the exploiting preparing phase.

Hepatitis C virus cure with direct acting antivirals: Clinical,economic, societal and patient value for China

About 10 million people in China are infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV),with the seroprevalence of anti-HCV in the general population estimated at 0.6%.Delaying effective treatment of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)is associated with liver disease progression,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and liver-related mortality.The extrahepatic manifestations of CHC further add to the disease burden of patients.Managing CHC-related advanced liver diseases and systemic manifestations are costly for both the healthcare system and society.Loss of work productivity due to reduced well-being and quality of life in CHC patients further compounds the economic burden of the disease.Traditionally,pegylatedinterferon plus ribavirin(PR)was the standard of care.However,a substantial number of patients are ineligible for PR treatment,and only 40%–75%achieved sustained virologic response.Furthermore,PR is associated with impairment of patient-reported outcomes(PROs),high rates of adverse events,and poor adherence.With the advent of direct acting antivirals(DAAs),the treatment of CHC patients has been revolutionized.DAAs have broader eligible patient populations,higher efficacy,better PRO profiles,fewer adverse events,and better adherence rates,thereby making it possible to cure a large proportion of all CHC patients.This article aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation on the value of effective,curative hepatitis C treatment from the clinical,economic,societal,and patient experience perspectives,with a focus on recent data from China,supplemented with other Asian and international experiences where China data are not available.

Study and application of plasticity plaster-slurry for preventing coal spontaneous combustion

Introduced the modulation scheme, function and mechanism of plasticity plaster slurry preventing coal spontaneous combustion. The applications show that the plasticity plaster slurry has good hygroscopicity and adsorptivity. To spray it on the coal wall of tunnel can shut off leakage wind fast and effectively. To press it into the coal body can absorb the heat and descend the temperature, surround the coal pieces, eliminate the possibility of the fiery district resuming combustion.

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Syphilis in China

Syphilis is a focal point in prevention and control of STDs. Syplhilis now presents different epidemiological and clinical features to the past, and the syphilis epidemic is not serious as previously - late syphilis and congenital syphilis being relatively rare in the whole country. The clinical features of skin lesions in primary and secondary syphilis have not changed substantially but the proportion of various types of lesions is different to the past. As syphilis has not been present in China for more than 15 years, some young medical workers have no experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. They often misdiagnose or miss diagnosis. These medical workers need better knowledge and treatment skills. In order to control syphilis as soon as possible through early diagnosis and treatment, this article gives an introduction to this issue for colleagues by way of a comparison of the past status and the present.

The potential impact of a“curative intervention”for HIV:a modelling study

Abstract Background:Efforts to develop an HIV“cure”(i.e.,an intervention leading to durable ART-free remission or eradication of HIV infection)have become better resourced and coordinated in recent years.Given,however,the availability of other interventions for prevention and treatment of HIV disease,it is unclear whether,to what extent,and under which circumstances a curative intervention would have an impact in ending the AIDS epidemic and which characteristics of its implementation would be most important.We designed a range of analyses to investigate these unknowns.Methods:We used a deterministic,compartmental model of HIV infection in South Africa to estimate the impact of a curative intervention.We first examined how its impact would be affected by the state of the epidemic at the time that it is introduced,by the timing and pace of scale-up,and by various targeting strategies.We then investigated the impact of a curative intervention relative to its ability to maintain viral suppression.Findings:To the extent that other interventions have failed to control the epidemic,i.e.,if incidence and AIDS deaths remain high,a curative intervention would result in a larger reduction in incidence.Earlier and faster scale-up allows for greater impact.We also found that a curative intervention would more efficiently reduce transmission if it is prioritised to those not able to obtain or remain on ART and to those aged 15-25 rather than older persons.On the other hand,an intervention that does not maintain viral suppression if the individual is exposed to re-infection could lead to an increase in HIV incidence.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that a curative intervention for HIV would have the greatest impact if the epidemic is not under control by 2030,particularly if the intervention is targeted to those who are more likely to transmit virus,and if it maintained durable viral suppression,even upon exposure to re-infection.These considerations underscore the need to carefully consider the“target product profiles”for an HIV cure in the context of how and where it would be used,and suggest that such profiles may require revision as the epidemic evolves in the coming years.

Prevention Better Than Cure

WHILE most schoolgirls have secrets, Xiao Ping＇s （not her real name） is a little different. Every day, without fail. she finds a quiet corner to take a dose of medication, hiding her actions away from others, not wanting to be asked questions. She is HIV positive and on antiretroviral treatment for the rest of her life.

预防与控制SARS医院感染的体会

目的 探讨预防与控制 SARS在医院发生的管理办法。方法 从 2 0 0 2年 11月 2 5日收治全球 SARS首例患者 ,至 2 0 0 3年 5月 31日共收治 112例 (包括确诊、疑似、观察 )患者 ,对其住院诊治预防与控制过程进行分析。结果 尽管在当时病因还没有找出、对该病传染性认识尚不十分明确情况下进行早期诊治、护理 ,但无 1例医务人员被感染 ,无 1例住院患者发生交叉感染 ,无 1例患者死亡。结论 组织落实 ,领导重视 ;布局合理 ,制度健全 ;加强培训 ,提高认识 ;督促检查 ,措施落实 ;部门协调 ,统一行动等工作做好 ,对预防与控制 SARS在医院发生起到重要作用。

论防范城市灾害的城市形态优化——由SARS引发的对当前城市建设中问题的思考

由SARS病毒的防治反思当前城市规划建设中存在的误区。城市防灾问题必须从宏观战略的角度出发 ,化被动为主动 ,在城市整体形态研究的一开始就关注城市发展用地、城市规模与环境容量、城市空间结构和城市用地形态等方面 。

SARS医院感染控制与预防的研究

目的 为了预防和控制 SARS在院内医务人员及患者中发生暴发性感染 ,降低患者死亡率。方法 建立院内 SARS监控协调小组及技术指导小组 ;对全员进行 SARS知识培训 ,采取全院普遍预防与 SARS病区重点预防相结合 ,加强环节消毒技术管理 ,增加必要的设备以维护病区空气环境的安全 ;建立 SARS患者出入院、会诊、转诊流程及规定 ,加强病房管理 ,及时调整医护人员工作强度。结果 我院共收治了 85例 SARS患者 ,全部治愈出院 ,保持了两个零的战果 ,即无 1例医务人员感染 ,无 1例患者死亡。结论 SARS是一种新发现的传染性疾病 ,具有传染性强 ,易在社区、家庭和医院中传播感染的特点 ,但是只要预防治疗措施得当是可以预防和治愈的。

防治SARS中药的研究线索

目的 :提供从中药中寻找防治SARS的研究线索。方法 :根据经验和资料 ,从中医防治SARS有效的方剂及中药中选出一批有研究前景的药物。结果 :提供出可供进一步研究的药物表格以及一批可供SARS病毒筛选的植物类群。结论 :本研究表明中药是寻找防治SARS新药的重要源泉之一。

71名医务人员在SARS病区个人防护调查

目的 了解医务人员在 SARS病区工作中个人防护过程出现错误的环节 ,降低医务人员的感染机会。方法 把穿脱隔离衣等过程设计成 2 2个问题条目 ,并制成观察表 ,由 3名安全防护员进行监督和检查 ,并认真记录每日 4班的防护情况 ,出现错误后及时纠正。结果 在穿衣和脱衣过程中均存在不同的错误 ,其中穿衣过程错误率平均 12 .2 4 % ,其中健之素擦手错误率占 5 4 .93% ,其次是口罩、工作帽、手套、眼罩分别为 13.6 2 %、11.2 7%、9.86 %、8.4 5 % ;脱衣程序错误率平均 2 1.78% ,其中健之素擦手错误率占 70 .4 3% ,其次泡雨靴、脱正穿隔离衣、喷雾、脱手套分别为 5 2 .11%、2 9.5 8%、19.70 %、15 .96 % ;脱衣错误率明显高于穿衣 ,男性错误率明显高于女性 ,高级职称错误率高于低级职称 ,但与科别无关。结论 医务人员在进入 SARS病区中均出现不同防护错误 ,对医务人员规范的培训和监督是预防错误的关键 ,加强监督力度是实现医务人员零感染的重要环节。

SARS期间医院感染控制的三级预防

目的 探讨 SARS流行期间以预防为主的防治措施。方法 防治 SARS医院内交叉感染强调预防为主的三级预防策略 ,提出了防护、隔离、消毒三级预防的具体措施、方案及目标。结果 通过对发热患者监测、危险因素确定、干预措施和控制方案制定等 ,确保了医院感染控制工作在应对 SARS事件第一时间内全面展开。结论 SARS的防治和监测必须坚持不懈 ,医院感染控制必须落实三级预防措施。

医院工作人员SARS感染的原因及预防对策

目的 探讨医院工作人员在收治严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)过程中受到感染的原因及预防对策 ,以减少医院感染的发生。方法 对我院从 2 0 0 3年 2～ 4月约 3个月收治 SARS过程中受到感染的医院工作人员的临床特征及感染的原因及在此过程中所不断完善的预防对策做一回顾性分析。结果 我院感染 SARS 19名工作人员中 11名护士、8名医生 ,通过近距离接触患者或接触患者的呼吸道分泌物等途径传播 ,在收治过程中 ,通过不断完善消毒隔离及个人防护措施、加强宣传教育 ,医院感染得到有效控制。结论 完善医院感染管理监督机制、强调个人防护是减少 SARS医院感染的关键。

消毒隔离与SARS医院感染预防和控制效果探讨

目的 探讨采取消毒隔离措施对预防和控制 SARS医院感染的效果。方法 针对我省医疗机构在 SARS医院感染预防和控制存在的主要问题 ,加强知识培训 ,提高全省医务人员认知水平 ,规范消毒隔离程序 ,实施科学防范措施 ,强化管理、层层把关以确保措施落到实处。结果 实现了全省医务人员无感染、SARS疫情无扩散、无输出病例、患者无死亡“4个零”的突破 ,取得了 SARS防治的阶段性胜利。结论 采取有效的消毒隔离措施 ,SARS医院感染是可以预防和遏制的。