Nutrition Status of the Chinese People

Based on the available data collected with national nutritional survey, nutrition surveillance and the child surveys since 1987, analysis on food consumption, dietary pattern and nutrition status of the Chinese people has been done. The data sets used for the analysis are as follows. (1) 1987 Child Survey in 9 Provinces-91011 preschool children were sampled. (2) 1992 National Child Survey-570704 children under the age of 15 were sampled, with anthropometric measurement of 185965 children under the age of 5. (3) 1990 Nutrition Surveillance-State Statistic Bureau (SSB) h usehold survey in selected 7 provinces (including Beijing Municipality) with 8629 household samples in the urban and 11840 households in the rural covered 5341 children under the age of 6, among which 1487 were in the urban and 3854 in the rural. (4) 1992 Third National Nutritional Survey-All the provinces and municipalities were covered with 25033 household samples, among which 8474 were in the urban and 16559 in the rural. 99749 residents were surveyed, among which 30723 were in the urban and 69026 in the rural. Dietary survey data is used for comparison on food consumption and nutrient intake with 1990 nutrition surveillance data

Health and sanitary status in 1970 of Tubu nomads dwelling in Northeastern Niger

Background: The Tubu are nomadic people who live in remote parts of the central Sahara, primarily in the Tibesti massif(Chad), and in both Northeastern Niger and Southern Libya. All of these areas are close to become conflict zones. However, no data about the Tubu's health and sanitary status are currently available, which would be of major concern if humanitarian interventions would become required.Methods: In 1970, the "Mission Anthropologique Belge au Niger"(MABN) investigated a Tubu tribe named Broaya that lived at Seguedine and Djado on the northeastern rim of the Tenere desert. One hundred fifty-one adult volunteers answered an oral questionnaire and underwent a medical examination, followed by the collection of blood thin films and samples of urine and stool. The environmental fauna of medical importance was also studied.Results: Albeit 43 year-old, these results have not been previously published. The estimated age of death for fathers was approximately 56 years, and that for mothers was 60 years. On average, each married woman had had 4.7 children. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 232 ‰, the overall infant mortality rate was 153 ‰, and the overall child mortality rate was 99 ‰. The mean height was 164.1 cm and 157.4 cm, the mean weight was 50.1 kg and 47.9kg, and the mean blood pressure was 131/78 mm Hg and 127/75 mm Hg for males and females, respectively. The physical examination found 6 cases of blindness(4.0%). Five subjects presented with an elevated blood pressure(3.3%), and 5(3.3%) displayed an abnormal thoracic auscultation evocative of tuberculosis or of an acute lung infection. The abdominal examination and renal palpation found 5 large masses(3.3%), and 2 subjects had a palpable enlarged spleen(1.3%). The blood thin films were fixed in methanol and subsequently examined in Toulouse. The search for blood parasites was negative. The urine samples were centrifuged and then microscopically examined in the field. No blood-fluke eggs were found. The stool samples were mixed with a preservative MIF solution and then stored to be examined later in Toulouse. Three subjects(2%) passed E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts in stools, 16(10.6%) were parasitized with Giardia sp. and 4(2.65%) were parasitized with Hymelepis nana. Two specimens of scorpions captured in the camp were subsequently identified as belonging to the harmful genus Androctonus or Leiurus. An investigation into the freshwater fauna was conducted in the marshy ponds surrounding the ghost city of Djado, and no intermediate snail hosts for schistosomiasis haematobium were found. Numerous nymphs of Ceratopogonidae, which are possible vectors for arboviruses of veterinarian importance, were collected, as were larvae and nymphs from two anopheline species, Anopheles hispaniola and An. multicolor, which are not efficient vectors for malaria.Conclusions: Infection-related blindness and trachoma, along with acute pulmonary infections and probably tuberculosis were the major health burden in this tribe. The harsh dry and hot climate may explain the low prevalence of soil-transmitted protozoan diseases or helminthiases.

Ranking and Clustering of the Economic Status of Rural Residents in 31 Provinces and Regions in China

In order to rank and cluster the economic status of rural residents in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, the MATLAB software is used and the component analysis and the cluster analysis are conducted on the data reflecting the economic status of each area. The results show that the provinces or cities with high comprehensive , scores are Shanghai Municipality, Beijing Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Tianjin Municipality, Guangdong Province, Fujian Province, Shandong Province and Liaoning Province according to priority; the provinces or autonomous regions with low comprehensive scores are Gansu Province, Guizhou Province , Tibet, Uygur autonomous region and Yunnan Province. The economic status of rural residents in the 31 provinces and autonomous regions are partly parallel with the comprehensive economic development. The improvement of the economic status of rural residents is helpful for the overall economic elevation. Therefore, the government should coordinate the economic development of urban and rural areas, industry and agricultural, developed region and undeveloped region, and coastal areas and central and western areas to maximize the social welfare of the whole nation.

Identification of Socio-Demographic, Behavioral Patterns and Their Relationship with HIV Status among Female Sex Workers

The prevalence of HIV in high risk population is influenced significantly the behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics. However, considering the complexity of behavior among female sex workers, the relationship between a particular behavioral pattern and the HIV status of this “at risk” population assumes significance. Data generated in a community-based cross-sectional study earlier carried out to assess the prevalence estimates, at district level, of HIV status in eight districts of State of Andhra Pradesh, India was used to carry out factor analysis to explore the role of demographic and behavioral pattern and their relationship with the HIV status among female sex workers. Data on 3083 female sex workers in the study revealed that there existed nine patterns among demographic and behavioral characteristics, which explained 62% of the total variation through factor analysis. Further, cluster analysis was performed to identify the groups of individuals having similar characteristics. Two of those clusters had sizeable numbers having similar characteristics. FSWs belonging to cluster 2 had significantly high risk factors compared with Cluster 1. The overall prevalence of HIV was 11.4% (10.6% in cluster 1 and 15.9% in cluster 2) among high risk population. There exists a strong relationship between behavioral patterns and HIV positive.

On the Legal Status of Sign Language and Braille in China:Development Process and Institutional Evolution

on the 30^(th)anniversary of the implementation of the Law of the people’s Republic of China on the protection of persons with Disabilities,re-examining the standardization of sign language and Braille will help implement the 14^(th)Five-Year plan and further improve the protection system for the rights and interests of persons with disabilities.From the perspective of regulation,conception and cultivation,it is necessary to clarify the legal status of sign language and Braille in China,accelerate the development of education,and heighten the awareness of rights protection.Identifying sign language and Braille either as a part of the standard national spoken and written language or as a supplementary language can both reaffirm their actual status in the practice of language and script standardization,but the actual needs of the promotion and use of sign language and Braille have not yet been met.only when the two are clearly defined as being forms of the standard national spoken and written language can their legal status be fundamentally consolidated,and a systematic structure for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities be realized.In order to determine the legal status of the two as being forms of the standard national language,a three-level system of“legal foundation-legislative implementation-system support”should be put in place,so as to form a synergy for the promotion of national standard sign language and Braille.

Research progress on the health status and community management service needs of mobile elderly people

The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management services are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile elderly people have more health and psy-chological problems compared to the rest of the elderly population.Therefore,the community should take a variety of measures to meet their needs and help them to better adapt to the new living environment,and maintain their physical and mental health.This paper aims to summarize recent studies on the physical and emotional health problems of mobile elderly people and related community management service needs.

The correlation between socioeconomic status and health self-management in the elderly

Purpose:To determine the correlation between socioeconomic status and health selfmanagement in the elderly and to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of healthy ageing.Methods:We recruited 6173 people aged
60 years from three regions in Hebei Province using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The participants were surveyed using questionnaires.Results:The health self-management behaviours of elderly people differed with the area of residence,education level,and personal monthly income.An ordered probit model showed that behaviours were better in elderly people who lived in urban areas,who were educated to college level or higher,and with higher monthly incomes(p<0.05).Conclusion:Socioeconomic status plays a decisive role in health self-management in the elderly.We suggest appropriate measures for promoting health self-management among the elderly.

Oral health status of older people in residential homes in Saudi Arabia

The aim of the study was to de-termine the oral health status and treatment needs of elderly residents of residential homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Among 129 elderly residents, 83 (51 males, and 32 females) of them were interviewed and clini-cally examined according to WHO criteria by two calibrated dentists. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 72 ± 8.5. Male subjects had a higher smoking rate than females. Among elderly subjects below 74 years old, 20.8% had a functional dentition (> or = 20), while only 6.7% for those aged greater or equal to 75 years (p = 0.0004). Mean number of the sound teeth in all subjects was 6.7 ± 8.5. The mean number of DMFT was 18.6 ± 12.6. The missing component was the highest (16 ± 13) for both genders. The mean number of decayed roots was 2.75 ± 3.95 in males and 0.63 ± 1.96 in females. Overall, males had more sound and decayed teeth and less filled and missed teeth than females. There was no significant difference between males and females in periodontal problems except the calculus scores. The majority of subjects in need for tooth extraction were male subjects. With no gender difference 63% were in need for restorations, 40% needed upper and lower full dentures. Need for partial dentures was 38% upper and 48% lower. Conclusion: The oral health of the institutionalized elderly population in Saudi Arabia is generally poor and their treatment needs are high.

Association between Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in Older People with Stroke at Hospital Discharge

Objective: The number of people with stroke increases worldwide. The stroke survivors live with disabilities and those influence their quality of life (QOL). This study was aimed to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and QOL of the older people with stroke at discharge from the hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants were 113 stroke survivors aged 60 years and older admitted to the stroke unit. Quality of life was the study’s outcome which measured by using the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Primary clinical characteristics were measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Potential confounding factors were age, sex, education levels, marital status, current occupation, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and heart disease). Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: The main effects of clinical outcomes were high BI Score that had a significant difference association with QOL (β = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.296, P = 0.009), lower mRS score also had significant difference association with QOL (β= -0.371, 95%CI = -5.394, -1.162, P = 0.003) after all adjusting. Additional risk factor in this study was marital status (currently married) (β= 0.155, 95% CI = 0.226, 8.666, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Low function status and severe stroke disability as the clinical characteristics were associated with QOL in older people with stroke at hospital discharge. An additional factor was marital status (currently married).

坚持人类命运共同体理念中“人民逻辑”的路径探析

人类命运共同体理念是习近平外交思想的重要组成部分,是新时代中国特色大国外交理论和实践的基本遵循。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央深刻把握国内国外形势的新变化、新动向、新趋势,在坚持“以人民为中心”的发展思想的前提和基础上,积极顺应世界发展新的历史潮流,在积极地探索和创新中逐渐形成了具有中国气派、中国精神、中国格局、中国担当的人类命运共同体理念。中国共产党始终将“实现人民对美好生活的向往”作为自身的奋斗目标,而人类命运共同体理念的福祉和实惠也终将惠及包括全体中国人民在内的世界人民。因此,深刻理解人类命运共同体理念中的人民逻辑,是在新的历史阶段推动中国特色大国外交进一步走稳、走远、走好的逻辑和价值的出发点。

数字化赋能学校高质量发展:教授校长的创校之路

华东师范大学附属青岛学校由华东师范大学和青岛市崂山区政府于2019年联合创办,笔者是该校的创校校长。任职之初,笔者迅速进行新角色转换定位,将学者身份与校长身份融合在一起,将学校建设作为一个真实性的社会性课题来推进。基于以往的学术积累,笔者主张以人为本的教育思想、核心素养的育人导向和多元共治、民主协商的学校治理模式;同时,充分发挥自身专业和学术优势,基于技术全方位渗透、整体性转变、革命性重塑的理念,探索出了数字化转型赋能的课堂教学模式、学生作业管理模式和“无边界协同教研”教师校本研修模式,用数字化转型促进学校全方位变革和高质量发展。

基于主成份分析法的老年人信息素养体系建构

为了构建老年人的信息素养体系,帮助他们提高信息素养水平,选取60岁以上的老年群体作为研究对象,并采用自制量表对他们的信息素养进行调查.然后,运用主成份分析法将23个老年人信息素养指标降维为3个主成份因子.这3个主成份因子既相互独立,又能够包含原有的23个老年人信息素养指标的大部分信息,从而使老年人的信息素养问题变得简洁明了.再结合问卷内容逐一阐述3个主成份即信息意识、信息技能和信息道德的构成要素,最终成功构建老年人的信息素养体系,为老年人在社区接受信息技术教育提供科学的指导.

Assessment of iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after the content of salt iodine decreased

Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The monitoring data of 2011 and 2014

习近平关于人民主体地位重要论述的历史逻辑

本文旨在研究习近平总书记关于人民主体地位重要论述的历史逻辑,并探讨其内涵、形成背景和实践意义,以加深对中国共产党领导下人民主体地位的理解。主要通过“历史经验的借鉴与总结”“对时代需求的回应”“与中国特色社会主义的本质要求相契合”“人民主体地位的深化和发展”四个维度,深入探讨了习近平总书记关于人民主体地位重要论述的历史逻辑。通过研究和分析习近平总书记的重要论述,我们可以更好地理解其在中国特色社会主义发展中的贡献,并为进一步巩固人民主体地位提供指导。此外,加强对人民主体地位的研究和实践探索,将有助于巩固中国特色社会主义制度优势,并推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的顺利进行。

浅析巴黎公社的人民主体地位保障基于对《法兰西内战》的文本解读

作为世界上第一个无产阶级政权,巴黎公社真正保障了广大人民的主体地位。马克思在《法兰西内战》中对巴黎公社中“人民”的构成进行了界定,对人民主体地位的体现进行了分析,对巴黎公社保障人民主体地位的措施进行了概括和总结。巴黎公社对人民主体地位的保障,对今天坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、践行“以人为本”的理念具有重要的推动作用。

“人民美好生活需要”的学理性解读

满足“人民美好生活需要”是新时代解决主要矛盾的目标所在。“人民美好生活需要”的提出有着深刻的学理基础和实践需求,既体现了马克思主义的价值导向、社会主义本质优势,也体现了新时代中国特色社会主义实践发展的必然要求。“人民美好生活需要”有着深刻的内涵,而且内涵和外延随着中国社会历史发展不断丰富。人民美好生活的满足,要求以强大且成熟的物质生产为保障,要求有良好的生态环境为支撑。

娱神与娱人的融合——从楚国“虎座立鸟架鼓”窥探先秦礼乐制度的世俗化转向

虎座立鸟架鼓是楚国工匠依据当时的工艺技巧、审美意识而创作的一种击打乐器,是礼乐制度从规范化到世俗化演化过程中的产物。以虎座立鸟架鼓为观照对象,可窥探先秦时期礼乐制度的规范化、多元化、世俗化的演变历程。虎座立鸟架鼓从庄重到新奇的器型演变,从“夏黑殷白”到“尚朱尚赤”的色彩演变,从“娱神”到“娱人”的功能演变,证明了先秦时期礼乐制度的世俗化转向。东周时期音乐文化由“朝”向“野”、由“神”向“人”演变的进程,促进了不同阶层乐享方式的交融,也促进了乐器类型的多元发展与创新。

习近平关于共同富裕重要论述的三重维度

习近平关于共同富裕重要论述阐述了新时代共同富裕的深刻内涵与实现机理。文章从横向与纵向层面深度剖析习近平关于共同富裕重要论述的逻辑理路,其兼顾效率与公平、物质富裕与精神富裕、经济发展与生态文明、中华民族富裕与全人类富裕的统一,统筹打赢脱贫攻坚、实施乡村振兴、创新驱动发展、构建橄榄型分配结构的战略,加大对问题导向、系统观念、实事求是方法、人民主体地位、开拓创新精神的坚持,对新时代扎实推进共同富裕具有重要意义。

新时代习近平人民主体地位理念的三维审视

“人民”是马克思主义的重要概念,一直被马克思主义者推崇和使用,在中国更是踵事增华。中国共产党自成立以来就自觉践行马克思主义人民观,并在领导人民建设中国特色社会主义的百年实践中逐渐形成了人民主体地位理念。“坚持人民至上”是中国共产党领导人民百年奋斗的伟大优秀历史经验。在新时代背景下,深入探讨人民主体地位理念的理论基础和历史沿革、明确人民主体地位的实践路径是时代发展的必然要求。在新发展阶段,坚持人民主体地位要坚持以人民是权力主体、人民是价值主体、人民是实践主体和人民是评价主体四个方向为指向标,在实践中落实和保障人民主体地位。要筑牢人民权力主体地位,发展好社会主义政治文明;保障人民价值主体地位,让社会发展成果进一步惠及全体人民;发展人民的实践主体地位,坚持“紧紧依靠人民”的实践指向;落实人民的评价主体地位,坚守“人民满意”的根本标准。在现代化建设中落实和保障人民主体地位,对实现中华民族伟大复兴具有十分重要的现实意义。

新时代法治建设中的人民主体地位探析

在社会主义法治理念中,人民是法治的主体。坚持人民主体地位是新时代法治建设的题中应有之义,也是在新形势下全面推进依法治国必须恪守的最大逻辑。这一地位的生成以坚持马克思主义法学思想的根本立场为理论逻辑、以遵循马克思主义法治思想中国化为历史逻辑、以回应人民群众对法治的新期待为现实逻辑。人民主体地位在新时代法治建设中表现为人民既是利益主体,也是实践主体,还是法治建设成效的评价主体。当前,进一步落实人民主体地位需要在科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法四个重要环节的实施过程中,使人民主体性地位得到充分体现,使人民真正成为法治建设的主体性力量。