Information Collection of Land Use Status Based on Large Scale Topographic Map

With large scale topographic map charted in accordance with Topographic Map Symbols of 1:500 1:1 000 1:2 000(GB/T 20257.1-2007) as the base map of land survey,the land use status information was collected from the map based on the standard in Present Status Classification of Land Utilization(GB/T 21010-2007).The study discussed in details the information of some land types including water system,residential sites,facilities,transportation,pipeline,vegetation,soils and so on,and pointed out problems on extracting land use status information from large scale topographic map.In order to share resources and save social costs,it suggested unifying the standard to classify land types and define all kinds of land types by quantitative values.

The Principle of Square Hole Machining and It＇s Tooling Structure Design

In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and process with computer graphics parameters design. The results that, as long as the appropriate parameters, using the above method not only can punch the square hole, can also be processed triangle, the five angle and hexagonal regular polygon holes. The square hole processing method can provide theoretical basis and engineering reliable reference for related engineering and technical personnel.

An environmental approach for used oil management in Asian cities: a Bangkok's experience

This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.

USING GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES TO RESOLVE THE ST.VENANT’S TORSIONAL BAR WITH A CRACK

According to generalized variational principles suitable for linear elastic incompatible displacement elements given by Professor Chien Wei-zang, using crack tip singular element and isoparametric surrounding element given by the author of this paper, we will study the St. Venant's torsional bar with a radial vertical crack and compare the present computed results with the results of reference [2], The present computed results show that, using the method provided in this paper, satisfactory convergent solution can be obtained under lower degree of freedom.

Understanding Antecedents of Civic Engagement in the Age of Social Media:From the Perspective of Efficacy Beliefs

This study examines three efficacy beliefs-political self-efficacy,political collective efficacy,and knowledge sharing efficacy-as antecedents of social media use and civic engagement.Employing more than one thousand samples in Singapore,we empirically test(a)a conceptual framework that can provide an understanding of the relationship between the three types of efficacy and civic engagement and(b)the underlying mechanism through which the three types of efficacy beliefs affect civic engagement via social media.The findings suggest that knowledge sharing efficacy was found to play an important role in mediating the relationships between social media use and political self-efficacy,political collective efficacy,respectively,which,in turn,influences the social media use.

Developing the Commons: Models of Rural Land Trust in China

In recent years,experiments on land trusts(xin tuo)have been made in the rural areas of China.To better understand such practice,this research identifies four case studies based on their operational structures and divides them into government-led models and market-led models.The government-led models include the Yiyang Model in Hunan Province,and the Longgang Model in Hubei Province.The market-led models include the Suzhou Model in Anhui Province,and the Golden Field Series Model in Jiangsu Province.This paper compares their profit-sharing mechanisms with specific attention given to the incentives for the villagers.Findings suggest that the villagers’profits are limited in both models.The government-led models concern less about profits but more on reusing the desolated agricultural land.The market-led models are profit-driven therefore tend to exclude the villagers from the profit-sharing process.

个人信用信息采集范围最小化原则之替代方案

被许多国家立法奉为个人信息收集行为基本准则的最小化原则,适用至个人征信领域会产生理论不适和现实弊端。三种优势互补的系统组合方案可以成为个人信用信息采集范围最小化原则替代之选:以绝对敏感信息为主要内容的负面清单制度,通过确定禁止采集的信用信息范围实现对信用主体核心权益的底线保护;相关性原则将最小化原则意涵中的直接相关性拓展至间接相关性,这使得相对敏感信息和替代数据能够有条件地进入个人征信系统;从采集最小化原则到使用最小化原则体现了“严进”向“严出”征信理念的转变,它要求个人征信机构和信用信息使用者做到“最少使用”和“最小侵害”。

区块链技术背景下NFT作品权利穷竭原则的适用

对于转卖NFT数字藏品是否可以援引权利穷竭原则,“肯定说”主张类推适用权利穷竭原则,“否定说”否认权利穷竭原则的适用,“折中说”主张基于信息网络传播权设立有限适用的规则。但这三种观点均未基于区块链技术的特质去辨析权利穷竭原则的适用问题。对发行权的穷竭旨在保护知识产权合法主体对该产品的转售处分。传统数字作品因复制“非竞争性”且转售后原持有人仍保留原作品等原因而不宜适用权利穷竭原则,但是区块链环境下交付密码、变更登记、无需复制即可完成转售的新模式应当适用权利穷竭原则。

扎实推动共同富裕的内在原则遵循

扎实推动共同富裕是适应我国社会主要矛盾变化,满足人民日益增长的美好生活的需要,实现社会主义现代化目标的内在要求,是中国特色社会主义的本质要求。为了使共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展,党和政府在扎实推动共同富裕时内在遵循着一定的原则,即坚持以人民为中心的根本立场遵循党性与人民性相统一的原则,坚持社会主义基本经济制度遵循效率与公平相统一的原则,扎实推动共同富裕采取的一系列策略手段遵循重点发展与整体推进相统一的原则,扎实推动共同富裕的内在价值追求遵循个人利益与集体利益相统一的原则。

职工基本医疗保险个人账户制度的法理困境与改革重构

从基本医疗保险法理视角释明个人账户基金权属及其运行机制,有助于破解个人账户制度改革之认知难题。个人账户基金“建筑”在职工基本医疗保险基金之上,属法定公共基金的一部分;个人账户制度是内嵌、贯通于职工基本医疗保险全流程的重要运行制度;参保人履行缴纳保险费义务,对个人账户享有门诊、购药等待遇给付请求权。个人账户制度的建立,在促进传统医疗保障制度向社会医疗保险制度“转型”中起到了一定的积极作用。但是,带有计划经济体制的负荷性,违背基本医疗保险的社会共同责任原则、现收现付财务运行规则是其根本缺陷。改革的治本之策在于,回归基本医疗保险法理,着眼于职工基本医疗保险制度的结构性优化,对个人账户制度进行体系化改革,将个人账户基金全部纳入统筹基金,打破个人账户与统筹账户割裂异质的运行机制,重塑统筹共济保障机制,重构参保人的权利义务内容,牵引基本医疗保险制度尽快定型和法治化。

主动式废油收集系统在高海拔地区的应用

随着环境保护意识的日益增强,废油的妥善处理变得尤为重要。高海拔地区由于其独特的气候和环境特点,为废油处理带来了许多挑战。该文主要探讨主动式废油收集系统的基本原理,以及其在高海拔地区的应用。通过对高海拔地区的气候、环境、交通及基础设施状况进行分析,该文深入研究主动式废油收集系统在此类地区的适用性,并通过实例研究进一步验证其效益。该文的研究不仅为高海拔地区提供一种有效的废油处理方法,同时也对环境保护提供有力的支持。

节能系统底层数据采集原理

随着我国能源工业的发展,节能系统将成为企业节能减排的重要技术之一。该系统从多个维度采集与分析企业各个工序能耗情况,优化能源使用结构及方式,从而实现企业能耗的精细化管理。节能系统的数据来源多种多样,其中以从仪表直接采集的方式最为常见。仪表通讯的组网方式有多种选择,其中最经济实惠的是串口通讯。

用户需求驱动的工业软件界面设计方法与实践

针对工业软件界面用户使用后满意度低、反弹率高的问题,对用户需求驱动下的工业软件界面设计展开研究。从工业软件界面设计原理和原则出发,通过增加惩罚系数优化采集方法,收集用户需求;着重探讨图形要素设计、界面信息布局设计和界面颜色设计三方面设计考量。为准确确定界面图形要素,引入特征相似性,将其作为判定界面图形要素的条件,进一步提高界面图形要素的明确性。以2569人参与设计的工业软件界面为实例,对实践结果中用户满意度和人数进行分析。从取得较好的评价、反弹率最低的设计中提取经验和方法,用于进一步提高设计界面对用户的吸引力。

A Brief Study of Euphemism in English From Pragmatic Point of View

This paper aims at the discussion of the origin and introduction and applications of euphemism from different aspects.It also deals with the violation of the Cooperative Principles of euphemism from the point of view of pragmatic study with the purpose of giving people pieces of advice on how to use euphemism wisely and effectively.

Study on micro-water-collecting technique in dryland field of spring maize

This paper analyses the effect of water storage and soil moisture conservation by means of micro water collecting technique in the dryland field of spring maize. The results indicate that the rainfall infiltration depth is deeper by means of micro water collecting treatment than that of the control. In micro water collecting treatment, the amount of soil water storage within 0～200 cm of soil layers increases by 50.5 mm, 13.5～58.6 mm, and 24.5 mm respectively during seedling stage, the critical stage of water requirement and the ripening and harvesting stage compared with the control. The micro water collecting technique not only has the function of regulating and adjusting the amount and distribution of field evapotranspiration, but also can raise the water use efficiency, which results in an obvious effect of increasing crop yield, especially in the dry years.

Challenges using electronic nursing routine data for outcome analyses:A mixed methods study

Objectives To explore the challenges of secondary use of routinely collected data for analyzing nursing-sensitive outcomes in Austrian acute care hospitals.Method A convergent parallel mixed methods design was performed.We conducted a quantitative representative survey with nursing managers from 32 Austrian general acute care hospitals and 11 qualitative semi-structured interviews with nursing quality management experts.Both results were first analyzed independently and afterward merged in the discussion.Results On average,76%of nursing documentation is already electronically supported in the surveyed Austrian hospitals.However,existing nursing data is seldom used for secondary purposes such as nursing-sensitive outcome analyses.This is due to four major reasons:First,hospitals often do not have a data strategy for the secondary use of routine data.Second,hospitals partly lack the use of standardized and uniform nursing terminologies,especially for nursing evaluation.Third,routine nursing data is often not documented correctly and completely.Fourth,data on nursing-sensitive outcomes is usually collected in specific documentation forms not integrated into routine documentation.Conclusion The awareness of the possibilities for secondary use of nursing data for nursing-sensitive outcome analyses in Austrian hospitals is still in its infancy.Therefore,nursing staff and nursing management must be trained to understand how to collect and process nursing data for nursing-sensitive outcome analyses.Further studies would be interesting in order to determine the factors that influence the decision-making processes for the secondary use of nursing data for outcome analyses.

罕见病研究数据采集和应用的现状及伦理学思考

中国罕见病研究起步较晚,研究资源分散,流行病学、诊疗、用药等相关数据基础薄弱,阻碍了其研究进展。罕见病数据体系是罕见病研究的基础,对罕见病数据收集的伦理约束,是对罕见病群体的保护,也是罕见病数据安全和质量的需要。通过对罕见病数据体系建设的现状,包括流行病学、临床诊疗、药物实验及随访等数据内容,进行分析及展望,为罕见病数据体系的完善提供参考。从公正、不伤害、尊重、共享及法治化等方面,对罕见病数据收集过程中遵循的伦理学问题进行了探讨,以期提高罕见病数据收集的规范化及对数据伦理审查的认识。

人力资源管理中个人信息保护的困境与出路

在职场这一特殊场域,信息处理的权力势差真正“兑现”为权力关系。用人单位在实施与人力资源管理相关的信息处理行为时,其背后的管理权容易形成对个人信息权益的“碾压”。现有的解决方案均难以发挥理想效果,应当运用解释论方法探索有助于解决困境的法律适用基准。集体合意作为个人同意的“替代者”,理应充分还原同意的自治性,要求劳动规章和集体合同的制定(签订)过程遵循法定程序、合意代表具有相关“自利决定能力”、用人单位有效地提供信息。“实施人力资源管理所必需”在适用时应充分兼顾用人单位管理利益,于具体情境中结合比例原则综合考虑“关联性”“均衡的信息处理方式”“最小的信息处理范围”三个条件。

论国家治理中集体行动运行机制的建构原则

在一个国家中,存在着各种各样的集体和集体行动。这些集体行动的相互结合,组成了国家治理中的基本生活过程。集体行动是否能够有效运行,直接影响着整个社会是否顺利运行以及国家治理的整体进程。集体行动的有效性来源于集体行动运行机制的有效性,而运行机制的有效性又取决于自觉建构运行机制所实行的原则是否合理有效。通过观察和分析可以看到,集体行动的进行,主要是由理性引导、制度规约和情感促进这三个方面的因素所推动。集体行动中的这三个方面具有各自不同的运行功能,统筹协调这三个功能的运作是保证集体行动能够合理有效运转的必要工作。自觉、合理地发挥好这三个要素的不同作用,是正确建构有效集体行动运行机制所要求的三个基本原则。这样的建构实践,能够建立起集体行动的良好秩序,应对当前集体行动的运作难题,并由此能够促进国家治理的现代化进程。

Impacts of Non-farm Employment of Rural Laborers on Agricultural Land Use:Theoretical Analysis and Its Policy Implications

During rapid urbanization and industrialization process, non-farm employment of rural laborers has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in rural areas of China and become an important driving factor for changes in agricultural land use. This article attempts to theoretically analyze the impacts of non-farm employment of rural laborers on agricultural land use based on economic frameworks. As rational agents, farmers aim to maximize their income and follow equilibrium principles when they decide how to allocate their labor forces（or working time） in two departments（farm and non-farm） and how to use their agricultural land with different quality and location. The income earned by non-farm employment is higher, and there exists a comparative advantage between labors, as a result the quantity and quality of labor input in agricultural land use decreases. With the limitation of labor input during agricultural land use decision-making of farm households, on the one hand, land with higher quality is still utilized by farmers. On the other hand, poor quality land will be less well managed and is more likely to be abandoned. Non-farm employment of rural laborers and the rising of opportunity costs will result in abandonment of poor quality land, and great importance should be attached to this by policy makers.