A Supplement to the Invariance Principle of the Speed of Light and the Quantum Theory

Richard Feynman once said, “I think it is safe to say that no one understands Quantum Mechanics”. The well-known article on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox brought forth further doubts on the interpretation of quantum theory. Einstein’s doubt on quantum theory is a doubleedged sword: experimental verification of quantum theory would contradict the hypothesis that speed of light is finite. It has been almost a century since the creation of quantum theory and special relativity, and the relevant doubts brought forward remain unresolved. We posit that the existence of discontinuity points and quantum wormholes would imply superluminal phenomenon or infinite speed of light, which provides for an important supplement to the invariance principle of the speed of light and superluminal phenomena. This can potentially resolve the inconsistency between special relativity and quantum theory.

A New Discriminating Experiment on the Invariance Hypothesis of Light Speed

This thesis puts forward a conjecture that, owing to some unknown special character of light, it is impossible to determine whether the speed of light is variable by the interference method. To verify the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed, a new method must be found to take accurate measurement of the infinitesimal change in the travelling time of light. The thesis suggests the adoption of high frequency laser pulse technology to carry out the measurement. On the basis of this idea a new discriminating experiment is proposed to test the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed. The thesis also makes some forecast of the future prospects of this experiment and of the future development of the theory of special relativity.

On the Question of the Invariance of the Light Speed

This article is devoted to the key concept of modern electrodynamics—the invariance of the speed of light. The general principle of relativity is considered in detail. Some critical remarks to the relativistic invariance and to the Lorentz transformations are presented. The general invariance of Maxwell equations is discussed. Different theoretical expectations for possible results of Michelson-Morley experiment and some physical consequences are considered. Some critical remarks to the notion of the light speed and its constancy are given. The relativistic law for velocity addition, including strangeness of a noncollinear addition and a superluminal motion, is discussed. Critical analysis of two works which proof the need for existence of an invariant velocity is consequentially made.

Compound control for speed and tension multivariable coupling system of reversible cold strip mill

To weaken the nonlinear coupling influence among the variables in the speed and tension system of reversible cold strip mill, a compound control(CC) strategy based on invariance principle was proposed. Firstly, invariance principle was used to realize static decoupling between the speed and tension of reversible cold strip mill. Then, considering the influence caused by the time variation of steel coil radius and rotational inertia of the left and right coilers, as well as the uncertainties, a CC strategy that is composed of extended state observer(ESO) and global sliding mode control(GSMC) with backstepping adaptive was proposed,which further realized dynamic decoupling and coordination control for the speed and tension system. Theoretical analysis shows that the resulting closed-loop system is global bounded stable. Finally, the simulation was carried out on the speed and tension system of a 1422 mm reversible cold strip mill by using the actual data, and through the comparison of the other control strategies, validity of the proposed CC strategy was shown by the results.

Special Relativity with a Preferred Frame and the Relativity Principle

The purpose of the present study is to develop a counterpart of the special relativity theory that is consistent with the existence of a preferred frame but, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and the universality of the (two-way) speed of light. The synthesis of such seemingly incompatible concepts as the existence of preferred frame and the relativity principle is possible at the expense of the freedom in assigning the one-way speeds of light that exists in special relativity. In the framework developed, a degree of anisotropy of the one-way speed acquires meaning of a characteristic of the really existing anisotropy caused by motion of an inertial frame relative to the preferred frame. The anisotropic special relativity kinematics is developed based on the symmetry principles: 1) Space-time transformations between inertial frames leave the equation of anisotropic light propagation invariant and 2) a set of the transformations possesses a group structure. The Lie group theory apparatus is applied to define groups of transformations between inertial frames. Applying the transformations to the problem of calculating the CMB temperature distribution yields a relation in which the angular dependence coincides with that obtained on the basis of the standard relativity theory but the mean temperature is corrected by the terms second order in the observer velocity.

On the measurement for the speed of gravity

Newton’s law of gravity is a theory of instantaneous action at a distance.However,Einstein’s general relativity states that the speed of gravity equals the speed of light,which is finite.Therefore,it is a worthy problem to discuss if Newton’s law of gravity needs modification,when studying and observing the gravitational tidal.In this paper,it is shown that the Newton’s law of gravity is fully applicable in the framework of general relativity.Based on the post-Newtonian approximation,we find that the observable effect for the speed of gravity is irrelevant to the velocity of a moving source,but it is dependent on its acceleration.In general,the effect of the speed of gravity is so weak that today’s any astronomical observations,including the sun tidal observations,can not confirm that the gravitational field travels at the speed of light.

基于人工智能软件ChatGPT分析物质初始状态

逻辑是一种基础性的思维工具,也是物理学和人工智能软件的共同基础,在物理分析中引入人工智能软件,可以形成新的观察视角和思考方向。在物理分析中,人工智能软件ChatGPT可以从大量文献中获取信息,并以可理解的方式解释有关概念和理论,它可以帮助加速研究进程、提高工作效率,促进物理学知识的传播和普及。在只有一个物质的情况下,该物质的速度是光速,该物质的质量是宇宙总质量,该物质的温度是宇宙热平衡温度,这是物质初始状态。基于ChatGPT分析了与物质初始状态有关的一系列问题。

基于人工智能软件ChatGPT分析宇宙空间中最简单的物理场景

基于人工智能软件ChatGPT,深入介绍了物理分析中涉及的一些基本概念。分析了宇宙空间中最简单的物理场景和数学模型。最简单的物理场景是宇宙空间中只有一个物体,与此对应的是物质初始状态。宇宙空间中在只有一个物体的情况下,该物体的质量是宇宙总质量,该物体的速度是光速,该物体的温度是宇宙热平衡温度,用数学语言描述就是宇宙总能量和宇宙总质量比值的平方根等于光速。介绍了在ChatGPT分析过程中排除相对论影响的方法。

光笔式视觉测量系统中的测头中心自标定

考虑光笔式视觉测量系统的测量精度与测头中心位置的准确性相关,本文提出一种基于系统测量模型的测头中心自标定方法。该方法利用每幅光笔图像上的控制点信息,根据位置不变原理建立目标优化函数;利用非线性方程组最小二乘解的广义逆法对目标函数进行优化求解,获得测头中心在光笔坐标系下的位置。最后,借助参考标准锥完成标定,并结合平均思想改善收敛稳定性和速度来实验验证本方法的实用性。实验结果显示,测头中心坐标x、y、z轴的稳定性可分别达到0.033mm,0.030mm和0.043mm,且具有满意的收敛速度。另外,对测量工件圆孔直径与参考值进行比较表明:测头中心标定后,系统的测量精度可满足中等精度的工业测量要求。

光波多普勒效应的简单证明

提出了一种应用相对论的时间膨胀效应直接证明光波多普勒效应的简单方法.

再谈洛伦兹变换的推导

评论了仅仅依据光速不变假设和相对性原理推导洛伦兹变换公式的方法.

狭义相对论与运动速度上限

论证了对于具有静止参考系特性的粒子,以绝对时空观为基础的伽利略变换是唯一允许粒子运动速度为任意大的线性时空变换,因而对于任何非伽利略型的线性时空变换,必然要求粒子运动速度存在上限。通过引进运动速度上限vm,针对静质量不为零的粒子,给出一种无需利用光速不变假设和具体的时空变换关系,而完全在动力学范围内得到相对论质速关系和质能关系的新推导,并进一步确定了相应线性时空变换的广义洛伦兹变换公式。质速关系和质能关系以及广义洛伦兹变换的新形式已不再直接与光速相关,而是由更一般的普适速度上限vm替代了光速c。对于经典伽利略变换则可作为广义洛伦兹变换在vm→∞时的一种极限特例,而速度上限vm的具体取值可由实验测量来确定。

狭义相对论教学中不该出现的错误

本文为了阐明个别大学物理教材中对光速不变假设的错误评论而详细说明了光速不变原理的两个用途:首要用途是用来定义惯性系中的时间坐标(即定义同时性);第二个用途是用来推导洛伦兹变换。随后,在分析了钟慢效应、尺缩效应、同时性的相对性之后解释了尺缩佯谬,并特别指出了某大学物理教材中对一道习题提供的答案是错误的并用两种解法给出了正确答案。

普遍的质速关系和狭义相对论

依据相对性原理以及动量守恒和能量守恒定律,无需利用光速不变假设和具体的时空变换关系证明相对论能量必须正比于相对论质量。通过建立和求解质速关系的微分方程,自动给出极限速度vm,并得到一种普遍适用的相对论质速关系。该质速关系既适用于具有静质量且运动速度小于极限速度的"慢子",又适用于不具有静质量且运动速度大于极限速度的"快子"以及运动速度等于极限速度的"常子"。在此基础上可确定运动学时空变换的广义洛伦兹变换公式以及动力学的质能关系和能量-动量关系,从而建立一种更为普遍的狭义相对论理论。无论是否存在无静质量的"快子"和"常子",无论是否发现超光速现象,新的相对论理论都是成立并自洽的。极限速度的具体取值可由实验测量确定,若取vm=c,就回到传统相对论的公式,光速不变则成为相对论的一个推论。

为什么说狭义相对论是近代物理学的一大支柱

本文首先简要介绍了狭义相对论的两条基本假设:狭义相对性原理和光速不变原理。进而由光速不变原理定义了惯性系的时间坐标并连同相对性原理推导出洛伦兹变换。随后把相对性原理具体表述为:一切物理定律的方程式在洛伦兹变换下保持形式不变。最后着重说明了为什么说狭义相对论而非广义相对论是近代物理学(包括广义相对论)的一大支柱:所有平直时空的物理学理论其动力学方程式都在洛伦兹变换下保持形式不变;广义相对论是在弯曲时空的局部保持洛伦兹不变性。

无需光速不变假设的狭义相对论新推导

传统相对论依据光速不变原理可以推导出时空的洛伦兹变换公式,而在相对性原理的基础上,利用洛伦兹变换公式和守恒定律又可建立起爱因斯坦的质能关系式.不同于首先从运动学出发来完全确定洛伦兹变换的传统方法,依据相对性原理以及动量和能量守恒,通过讨论粒子的两体衰变过程,论证了相对论能量正比于动质量实际上并不依赖于洛伦兹变换或具体的时空变换特性.从而无须引进光速不变假设和不依赖静质量为0的粒子,给出了一种更为普遍的狭义相对论的新推导.新的相对论公式已不再需要依赖光速,取而代之的是与所有粒子相关的普适极限速度vm.

质疑爱因斯坦的光速不变假设和时间变换式

爱因斯坦的光速不变假设违反相对性原理,他的洛伦茨变换中的时间变换式是错误的。

速度的测不准关系和光速恒定原理

基于量子力学可以获得速度的测不准关系，这样光速作为速度也将是测不准的．在小时空范围和高能时，光速应有统计涨落．这些结果和真空中光速恒定原理存在矛盾．

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系。作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题。

论光子本性的公理化逻辑分析

基于物质、质点和物体等概念的共性，提出了质量体的概念。质量体数值的大小可以是有限，也可以是无穷大或者无穷小。光子是以光速运动的质量体。指出静止质量是一个有问题的概念，光子的静止质量等于零是一个假命题。讨论了原始概念的可操作性、可测量性和可想像性。详细介绍了从质量、长度和时间这3个原始概念出发，综合运用数学、物理和逻辑方法，导出光速原理的公理化分析过程。光速原理在数学上可以表述为：宇宙总能量和宇宙总质量比值的平方根等于光速，它可以作为物理体系的一条公理。介绍了从光速原理衍生出来的一系列性质，例如，光速的绝对性、宇宙起始于一个初始光子的分裂、宇宙能量守恒等等，这些性质描述了光子的本性。压缩宇宙的思想实验否定以太的存在。指出了狭义相对论质量一速度关系式的不适用性。这种不适用性将直接影响到以狭义相对论和万有引力理论为基础的广义相对论。指出了超光速的不可能性。基于广义相对论和超光速的曲率引擎是一个假命题。指出中微子源于宇宙中具有同样运动速度的质量体（例如，类星体）的分裂。介绍了宇宙演化的光速一非光速循环模型。如果不能否定光速原理，那么由它衍生形成的一系列推论将否定、修正、补充或者发展以牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦等人为代表的一批物理学家提出的原有概念和理论。光速原理的提出或许是第三次科学革命。