The Cooperative Principle proposed by Herbert Paul Grice in 1967 requires speakers’utterances to comply with the objective of discourses,while receivers construct assumptions by reasoning speakers’implicatures.He se...The Cooperative Principle proposed by Herbert Paul Grice in 1967 requires speakers’utterances to comply with the objective of discourses,while receivers construct assumptions by reasoning speakers’implicatures.He set some maxims and sub-maxims to attempt to explain how the hearers get what is meant from what is said by speakers.What interests me is that the Maxim of Relation only includes one simple annotation—Be relevant without any other sub-maxims.Honestly,this is too obscure.So I would like to analyse Grice’s Maxim of Relation from its definition as well as classification,the discourse-topic and the relationship with context.And,more remarkable,the research method of this article is to explore the essence of the Maxim of Relation based on the opposite side as Dan Sperber and Deirdre Susan Moir Wilson’s the Principle of Relevance(Relevance Theory).展开更多
The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the cor...The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).展开更多
Regular TiN is harmful to the toughness of steel,and its shape and size need to be controlled.Understanding the behavior of TiN precipitation on CeAlO_(3) surfaces is critical for controlling the morphology and format...Regular TiN is harmful to the toughness of steel,and its shape and size need to be controlled.Understanding the behavior of TiN precipitation on CeAlO_(3) surfaces is critical for controlling the morphology and formation process of CeAlO_(3)–TiN composite inclusions in the steel.Experimental results showed that TiN had a square morphology on the CeAlO3 surface,and electron backscatter diffraction phase identification results revealed the orientation relationship between CeAlO_(3) and TiN as follows:(001)_(CeAlO_(3))//(110)_(TiN),(100)_(CeAlO_(3))/(001)_(TiN),and[010]_(CeAlO_(3))/[110]_(TiN).The CeAlO3 crystal structure was studied using the first-principles calculation method,and the adsorption and growth process of TiN on the CeAlO_(3) surface were investigated from the atomic scale.The calculation results indicate that there is no metallic bonding present in the CeAlO_(3) system.Among the low-index crystal planes of CeAlO_(3),the(110)planes terminated with O and CeAlO have the highest and lowest surface energies,respectively,with values of 0.373 and 0.051 eV/Å^(2).On the high surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the TiN atomic permutation structure is consistent with the arrangement of Ti and N atoms in TiN(100)or(110).For the low surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the Ti and N atoms are arranged in a ring-like structure.展开更多
The thought how dual vectors are constructed in a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity is generalized into orthotropic thin plate bending problems by using the analogy theory between plane elasticit...The thought how dual vectors are constructed in a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity is generalized into orthotropic thin plate bending problems by using the analogy theory between plane elasticity problems and plate bending problems. Dual differential equations are directly obtained by using a mixed variables method. A dual differential matrix to be derived possesses a peculiarity of which principal diagonal sub-matrixes are zero matrixes. Two independently and symmetrically orthogonality sub-relationships are discovered. By using the integral form for elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate the orthogonality relationship is demonstrated. By selecting felicitous dual vectors a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity can be generalized into elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate. By using the integral form a variational principle which is relative to differential form and a whole function expression are proposed.展开更多
Bi-modulus materials with different mechanical responses in tension and compression are often found in civil,composite, and biological engineering. Numerical analysis of bimodular materials is strongly nonlinear and c...Bi-modulus materials with different mechanical responses in tension and compression are often found in civil,composite, and biological engineering. Numerical analysis of bimodular materials is strongly nonlinear and convergence is usually a problem for traditional iterative schemes. This paper aims to develop a stabilized computational method for nonlinear analysis of 3D bimodular materials. Based on the parametric variational principle, a unified constitutive equation of 3D bimodular materials is proposed, which allows the eight principal stress states to be indicated by three parametric variables introduced in the principal stress directions.The original problem is transformed into a standard linear complementarity problem（LCP） by the parametric virtual work principle and a quadratic programming algorithm is developed by solving the LCP with the classic Lemke＇s algorithm. Update of elasticity and stiffness matrices is avoided and, thus, the proposed algorithm shows an excellent convergence behavior compared with traditional iterative schemes.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is valid and can accurately analyze mechanical responses of 3D bimodular materials. Also, stability of the algorithm is greatly improved.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))catalytic reduction has been passionately pursued for a long period of time due to its special importance in alleviating the greenhouse effect as well as generating valuable fuels and chemicals[1...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))catalytic reduction has been passionately pursued for a long period of time due to its special importance in alleviating the greenhouse effect as well as generating valuable fuels and chemicals[1].Among the various approaches for achieving CO_(2)conversion,considerable efforts have been devoted to electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)since this technology operates at ambient and mild environments and can potentially produce various useful products[2].展开更多
In contemporary moral and political philosophy, there are two leading approaches to the justification of rights. These could be broadly identified as deontological theories and consequential theories. These two school...In contemporary moral and political philosophy, there are two leading approaches to the justification of rights. These could be broadly identified as deontological theories and consequential theories. These two schools of theories each have their own strengths and weakness, while there is also a third contractual approach that is under represented. Because Rawls＇ and Scanlon＇s well-known contractual theories are designed for purposes other than the justification of rights, the purpose of this paper is to establish a principle of rights on the basis of Rawls＇ justification device of the ＂original position.＂ First, it supplies a criterion based on human conduct or action. Second, based on this account of human conduct, different types of relationships are constructed and presented to the parties in the ＂original position.＂ Third, it will show that the parties in the ＂original position＂ would choose one of these relationships as the principle of rights. Finally, Rawls＇ first principle of justice will be reformulated. The procedure of choosing a principle of rights in this paper could also be viewed as a demonstration that, when properly situated and motivated, human beings exhibit their potential as rational beings.展开更多
文摘The Cooperative Principle proposed by Herbert Paul Grice in 1967 requires speakers’utterances to comply with the objective of discourses,while receivers construct assumptions by reasoning speakers’implicatures.He set some maxims and sub-maxims to attempt to explain how the hearers get what is meant from what is said by speakers.What interests me is that the Maxim of Relation only includes one simple annotation—Be relevant without any other sub-maxims.Honestly,this is too obscure.So I would like to analyse Grice’s Maxim of Relation from its definition as well as classification,the discourse-topic and the relationship with context.And,more remarkable,the research method of this article is to explore the essence of the Maxim of Relation based on the opposite side as Dan Sperber and Deirdre Susan Moir Wilson’s the Principle of Relevance(Relevance Theory).
文摘The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51874186 and 51864041)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2022MS05017).
文摘Regular TiN is harmful to the toughness of steel,and its shape and size need to be controlled.Understanding the behavior of TiN precipitation on CeAlO_(3) surfaces is critical for controlling the morphology and formation process of CeAlO_(3)–TiN composite inclusions in the steel.Experimental results showed that TiN had a square morphology on the CeAlO3 surface,and electron backscatter diffraction phase identification results revealed the orientation relationship between CeAlO_(3) and TiN as follows:(001)_(CeAlO_(3))//(110)_(TiN),(100)_(CeAlO_(3))/(001)_(TiN),and[010]_(CeAlO_(3))/[110]_(TiN).The CeAlO3 crystal structure was studied using the first-principles calculation method,and the adsorption and growth process of TiN on the CeAlO_(3) surface were investigated from the atomic scale.The calculation results indicate that there is no metallic bonding present in the CeAlO_(3) system.Among the low-index crystal planes of CeAlO_(3),the(110)planes terminated with O and CeAlO have the highest and lowest surface energies,respectively,with values of 0.373 and 0.051 eV/Å^(2).On the high surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the TiN atomic permutation structure is consistent with the arrangement of Ti and N atoms in TiN(100)or(110).For the low surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the Ti and N atoms are arranged in a ring-like structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10272063)the Basic Science Research Foundation of Tsinghua University(JC2002003)+1 种基金the Special Scientific Foundation for Chinese Doctoral Education(20020003044)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(200242).
文摘The thought how dual vectors are constructed in a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity is generalized into orthotropic thin plate bending problems by using the analogy theory between plane elasticity problems and plate bending problems. Dual differential equations are directly obtained by using a mixed variables method. A dual differential matrix to be derived possesses a peculiarity of which principal diagonal sub-matrixes are zero matrixes. Two independently and symmetrically orthogonality sub-relationships are discovered. By using the integral form for elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate the orthogonality relationship is demonstrated. By selecting felicitous dual vectors a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity can be generalized into elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate. By using the integral form a variational principle which is relative to differential form and a whole function expression are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11232003, 91315302, 11502035)the Open Research Foundation (Grant GZ1404) of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment at Dalian University of Technology
文摘Bi-modulus materials with different mechanical responses in tension and compression are often found in civil,composite, and biological engineering. Numerical analysis of bimodular materials is strongly nonlinear and convergence is usually a problem for traditional iterative schemes. This paper aims to develop a stabilized computational method for nonlinear analysis of 3D bimodular materials. Based on the parametric variational principle, a unified constitutive equation of 3D bimodular materials is proposed, which allows the eight principal stress states to be indicated by three parametric variables introduced in the principal stress directions.The original problem is transformed into a standard linear complementarity problem（LCP） by the parametric virtual work principle and a quadratic programming algorithm is developed by solving the LCP with the classic Lemke＇s algorithm. Update of elasticity and stiffness matrices is avoided and, thus, the proposed algorithm shows an excellent convergence behavior compared with traditional iterative schemes.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is valid and can accurately analyze mechanical responses of 3D bimodular materials. Also, stability of the algorithm is greatly improved.
基金supported by Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2017B030301013)Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant(ZDSYS201707281026184)。
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))catalytic reduction has been passionately pursued for a long period of time due to its special importance in alleviating the greenhouse effect as well as generating valuable fuels and chemicals[1].Among the various approaches for achieving CO_(2)conversion,considerable efforts have been devoted to electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)since this technology operates at ambient and mild environments and can potentially produce various useful products[2].
文摘In contemporary moral and political philosophy, there are two leading approaches to the justification of rights. These could be broadly identified as deontological theories and consequential theories. These two schools of theories each have their own strengths and weakness, while there is also a third contractual approach that is under represented. Because Rawls＇ and Scanlon＇s well-known contractual theories are designed for purposes other than the justification of rights, the purpose of this paper is to establish a principle of rights on the basis of Rawls＇ justification device of the ＂original position.＂ First, it supplies a criterion based on human conduct or action. Second, based on this account of human conduct, different types of relationships are constructed and presented to the parties in the ＂original position.＂ Third, it will show that the parties in the ＂original position＂ would choose one of these relationships as the principle of rights. Finally, Rawls＇ first principle of justice will be reformulated. The procedure of choosing a principle of rights in this paper could also be viewed as a demonstration that, when properly situated and motivated, human beings exhibit their potential as rational beings.
