Thermal partition of two asymmetric discrete heat sources by cold air curtain

A partition solution implemented by a cold air curtain for two asymmetric discrete heat sources in a twodimensional rectangular enclosure was numerically studied. Main attentions were focused on the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number, separation distance between heat sources, and buoyancy ratio. It is found that the airflow and heat transfer are not only determined by governing parameters, but also affected by boundary conditions. It is also found that nearly symmetry of flow structure corresponds to nearly thermal partition, and the symmetry can be enhanced when Reynolds number, separation distance and buoyancy ratio increase. In addition, it is observed that there is a minimum Reynolds number for obtaining nearly thermal partition, which increases when Grashof number increases.

Field experimental study on the cooling effect of mine cooling system acquiring cold source from return air

With the increase of mining depth, more and deeper coal mines are limited by heat disaster. The cooling energy in deep mine cooling system comes from mine water inrush or ground cooling tower, but we cannot adopt the two methods because mine water inrush in many old coal mines in China is limited. What is more, the cooling pipelines cannot be put in narrow pit-shaft. To settle the problem above, according to the characteristics of Zhangxiaolou Coal Mine, this paper adopts the deep mine return air as the cooling energy for deep mine cooling system. In addition, we carried out cite test to extract cold energy from return air. Through monitoring the water quantity, water temperature of cooling system and air temperature, we got the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters during the cooling energy acquisition analysis and the effect of cooling system that the temperature and humidity on working face are respectively reduced to 8-12 ℃ and 8-15% through cooling. This research offers experimental reference for deep mine cooling which lacks cooling energy.

Optimization of Selecting Air Conditioning Cold/Heat Sources with Grey Relation Analysis

Selection of air conditioning（AC） cold/heat sources generally concerns about certain aspects and cannot reveal the whole profile of the problems. Grey relation analysis （GRA） is a data processing method to categorize the correlation extent of compared sequences and a certain reference sequence in a system with uncertain information. It is applied to evaluating and selecting AC cold/heat sources from four main aspects, which are technology, economy, reliability, and operation and management. Case study shows that the result for selecting AC cold/heat sources with the GRA method can be more reasonable and convincible. Thus it offers a new approach for designers in heating, ventilating and air conditioning field to compare and evaluate different AC cold/heat sou rces.

Field experiment on coalmine heat disaster governance using cold source from surface water

Regarding the lack of cold source for underground cooling systems from either mine inflow or return air, field experiments were taken in a high temperature deep coal mine with abundant cold source from surface water. Taking Sanhejian coal mine as an example, this paper introduced the technology scheme of heat disaster governance using surface water cold source. The paper presents the basics of this field experiment at the beginning, following by the design and site layout of the cooling system including the analysis and calculation of cold source. Numerical calculation method is also applied based on the operation parameters to simulate the influence to the surface river ecosystem. The results suggest that the temperature of surface water shall be lower than 34 ℃ after heat exchange, and when more cooling capacities are needed in the future, increasing the water flow is more favorable than increasing the cooling range of water, which is better for the ecological environment protection,

Zoning operation of energy piles to alleviate the soil thermal imbalance of ground source heat pump systems

Energy piles have attracted increasing interest for application in ground source heat pumps,because it is environment-friendly,energy-efficient,and without additional drilling cost.However,when there is a large dif-ference between the heating and cooling loads,the system will suffer from a soil thermal imbalance which may further decline the system performance and even cause a system failure.A hybrid ground source heat pump sys-tem that integrates auxiliary equipment can solve the problem,however,it needs additional investment and a complicated control strategy.In this paper,the zoning operation of energy piles can effectively improve the tem-perature recovery ability of soil in the energy pile group and thus alleviate the soil thermal imbalance.Specifically,a heating-dominated residential building in Beijing is selected for a case study,with 144 energy piles arranged in a 12×12 layout.An analytical model of the spiral-coil energy pile group with seepage will be adopted,which can consider the groundwater flow,the geometry of spiral coils,and the thermal interaction among different energy piles,achieving high calculation accuracy and fast calculation speed.Based on this analytical energy pile model,a system model will be built to investigate the system performance influenced by different zoning operation strategies.Results show that intensive heat injection into the center of the pile group(Strategy 2 and Strategy 3)or heat extraction from the outer layer of the pile group(Strategy 4)can relieve the cold accumulation.Strategy 2 can relieve the outlet temperature decline from 5.54℃ to 4.46℃ and improve the heating COP from 3.297 to 3.423 compared to the conventional full operation strategy.Although the annual heat pump COP of Strategy 2 is a little lower than that of conventional full operation strategy,Strategy 2 has the shortest unmet heating or cooling time.Therefore,the proposed zoning operation strategy can achieve good system efficiency and excellent system reliability compared to the conventional strategy.

严寒地区空气源热泵耦合电磁能系统模拟运行研究

目的 为了促进空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统在严寒地区住宅建筑中的应用,研究该系统的运行性能和稳定性。方法 以沈阳地区某住宅建筑为例,应用Trnsys软件建立了空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统仿真模型,并用实测值对模型进行了验证;深入探讨空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统在供热期的运行特点,并与空气源热泵和电磁能供热系统分别进行比较。结果 空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统模型可靠,相对误差可以控制在15%以内;在供热期,室内平均温度可保持在17.97~21.84℃;空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统比电磁能供热系统的COP提高了59.17%,空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统CO_(2)减排量比空气源热泵和电磁能供热系统分别提高1.47%和59.50%。结论 空气源热泵耦合电磁能供热系统运行和COP变化更为稳定,系统环境效益更佳,室内热舒适性更高。

温和地区某数据中心暖通工程设计

文章主要介绍位于温和地区贵阳某数据中心暖通空调工程的设计,设计内容包含数据中心的负荷计算、机房区和其他区域空调系统设计、气流组织设计及模拟,冷热源选择,气灭后通风系统设计、水系统设计以及暖通空调系统的运行策略。冷热源方案充分考虑温和地区气候和资源条件,过渡季节和冬季条件允许时通过冷却塔利用自然冷源,夏季使用中温冷水机组提供冷水和数据机房设置热通道封闭等节能技术,整体降低空调系统的能耗,数据中心电能利用率(PUE)为1.39。

北京某大型商场空调系统节能改造方案分析

大型商场人流量大、散热设备多、空调系统运行时间长,有较大节能潜力。调研了北京某大型商场空调系统的能耗情况,针对其运行过程存在的问题,提出了一套基于空调系统节能控制技术的综合节能改造方案。研究表明,该空调系统节能改造后,年节电量为140.56万k Wh,每年节省电费160.24万元;节热量为601.82GJ,每年节省供热费用5.95万元,节能效果与经济效益较好,可为北京地区类似公建节能改造提供借鉴和参考。

应用埋式毛细管网换热器的海水源热泵系统适用性研究

海水源热泵系统面临着生物附着、管道腐蚀、严寒天气换热器结冰等问题,影响其性能系数。将材质为PP-R的毛细管网换热器埋置于海床砂土中的海水源热泵系统能够有效避免以上问题。基于能耗模拟数据,对比了海水源热泵系统、空气源热泵系统和冷水机组+燃气锅炉系统的经济性和环保性。结果显示,应用埋式毛细管网换热器的海水源热泵系统的经济效益和环保效益均为最优。系统运行20年,海水源热泵系统的全寿命周期成本为459.5万元,最小年费用为46.8万元,建筑生命周期内其单位面积的碳排放量比空气源热泵系统低10%,比冷水机组+燃气锅炉系统低21%。本研究使消费者对该热泵系统有了更深的了解,为推广此应用提供数据支撑。

严寒地区太阳能-土壤源热泵复合系统运行特性研究

在极端寒冷区域通过增加辅助供热手段即引入太阳能,巧妙利用过渡季节的太阳能资源对土壤进行预热储存,进而在冬季时增强系统整体的运行效率与能源利用率,从而应对土壤源热泵系统在极端寒冷区域因为面临冷热负荷显著失衡导致系统的能效直接被削弱的问题。负荷模拟研究案例选定沈阳市一幢典型3层办公建筑,采用瞬态系统模拟软件计算15年全生命周期内太阳能-土壤源热泵复合系统的运行特性。该系统会有效提升土壤温度,冬季系统COP增幅6.7%,全年增幅3.8%,验证了通过蓄热方式减少地埋管数量的可行性。为降低系统总成本,对太阳能集热器面积和地埋管数量进行匹配及优化,提出了不同集热器和地埋管成本的最优组合,给出适用于严寒地区的土壤源热泵系统并应用于严寒地区土壤源热泵系统的方法与策略。

夏热冬冷地区空调冷热源配置的多目标优化

为实现“双碳”背景下清零建筑直接碳排放的目标,夏热冬冷地区建筑空调冷热源越来越多地采用空气源热泵加水冷式冷水机组的复合架构。其中,空气源热泵冬季供热,夏季与水冷式机组共同供冷。由于空气源热泵供冷能效较低,提高水冷式机组容量配置,尽可能使之分担更多的冷负荷,有利于降低系统供冷能耗,但系统投资也将随之上升。因此,有必要研究复合架构下空调冷热源配置的综合优化方法。利用层次分析法,计算空调冷热源系统的节能性、环保性、经济性、节材性等不同目标维度的权重,建立空调冷热源的综合优化目标函数。设计空调冷热源配置的优化流程,并以上海某办公建筑为例进行分析。结果表明,随着水冷机组容量的增加,空调冷热源系统的全年能耗降低,耗材生产能耗、折算年费上升,而碳排放呈先降后升的规律。多目标优化方法可以更好地实现各项指标之间的平衡,为相关研究及实际项目决策提供参考。

基于?分析的热电联产能耗一致性评价方法

现有热电联产能耗评价“好处归热”或“好处归电”,将节能效益单一划分给发电或供热,不能合理反映热、电两种能量的品位差异。为弥补上述不足,将蒸汽划分为凝汽流和供热流,把循环?损失依据产生根源分摊到发电和供热上,通过?分析建立电、热产品定量统一表征方法和电热能耗一致性表达式。用能质系数简化动态过程计算,将基于?分析的热电联产单耗分析模型拓展至描述电热能耗的时空分布。通过实际案例验证新算法合理性。结果表明:供热流向热网水释放的?与循环?损失构成供热量;热电联产通过回收冷源?供热和能质匹配实现发电侧和供热侧节能。能耗一致性评价方法可合理反应电热两种产品的能量品位,揭示热电联产发挥节能潜力的途径。

阵列低环温空气源热泵外流场模拟研究

建立了无墙面阻碍和有墙面阻碍情况下低环境温度空气源热泵六列四行的阵列物理模型,对以261.15 K为名义工况下的空气源热泵外环境流场进行三维数值模拟。对比研究不同水平风速下蒸发器换热面入口空气温度和换热量,分析冷风回流现象对低环温空气源热泵传热性能的影响,指出最恶劣工况机组的位置。环境风存在阻碍风机出口冷空气的扩散,使风机出口偏转角增大,导致冷空气在风机上部堆积,阵列内部以及背风侧的机组冷风回流现象更加明显。结果表明:当机组横向间距为0.6 m时,水平风速分别从0 m/s增至5 m/s,阵列机组最低入口空气温度比环境温度低2.44~3.69 K,平均换热量下降1%~6.2%,平均入口空气温度比环境温度低0.78~1.57 K;当机组距墙间距为0.6 m时,水平风速分别从0 m/s增至5 m/s,阵列机组最低入口空气温度比环境温度低3.51~4.14 K,平均换热量下降5.9%~11.5%,平均入口空气温度比环境温度低1.29~1.98 K。在此基础上对不同横向间距、不同距墙间距下阵列空气源热泵进行模拟,结果表明:增大横向间距或距墙间距均能改善阵列低环温空气源热泵机组的换热。当横向间距增至1.2 m,阵列机组平均换热量可达原来机组换热量的96.5%以上;距墙间距增至1.2 m,阵列机组平均换热量可达原来机组换热量的91.3%以上。横向间距或距墙间距为1.2 m为较好安装间距。

严寒地区跨季节蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵系统研究

土壤热失衡问题会导致热泵性能下降.为解决这一问题,以大庆市某办公建筑为例,利用瞬态系统模拟软件TRNSYS对跨季节蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵系统进行采暖及制冷10年的数值模拟.结果表明:太阳能-地源热泵系统其土壤初始温度降为4.50℃,而跨季节蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵系统的土壤温度升到6.63℃.同时,太阳能-地源热泵系统的热泵平均COP为3.2,跨季节蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵系统的热泵平均COP为3.28,同比上涨2.5%.此时总耗电量减少4.44%,全年运行费用降低了5.54%,费用年值减少了1 257.69元.由此可见,跨季节蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵系统不仅可以有效缓解土壤热失衡问题,还能提高寒区地源热泵的性能并且减少能耗,经济性能好.

双碳背景下基于某项目的地下水冷热源方案探讨

结合某工程项目附近有大量地下矿坑水的实际情况,比较分析中央空调水系统(冷水机组+热水锅炉)、地下水源热泵空调系统、水源多联机空调系统及空气源多联机空调系统这4种常见空调形式在本项目中的适用性与可行性。借助设计分析软件对项目建筑进行负荷计算、机房提效寻优、建模并模拟制冷运行工况,基于供暖运行负荷及运行时间计算冬季系统运行费用;通过动态年值和运行阶段碳排放分析,结果表明:在有低品位能源可利用的前提下,水源多联机空调系统方案的经济性和碳排放强度具有明显优势。

空气源能源塔与空气源热泵机组在寒冷地区供暖的应用分析

建筑电气化替代是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。空气源热泵机组是寒冷地区供暖电气化替代产品的重要选择。为了解决空气源热泵机组在推广应用中自身结霜、低温适应性的技术问题,以及“供给侧”与“使用侧”之间的适应性问题,在理论研究的基础上,选择典型应用项目案例进行数据测试。通过数据统计分析“开式能源塔”、“闭式能源塔”、模块机组3种不同型式的空气源热泵机组在不同室外环境温度、空气湿度、供水温度等状况下机组运行性能的差异,剖析现有问题,提出解决方案,并提供不同类型空气源热泵机组的应用建议,以期为空气源热泵机组在寒冷地区零碳建筑、近零碳建筑中冬季供暖应用提供实际运行数据参考。

武汉某国际商务区暖通空调冷热源工程设计

武汉某国际商务区江水源能源站项目被评为湖北省2019年建筑节能示范工程,本文对该项目的暖通空调冷热源工程设计进行了介绍,阐述了采用可再生能源——江水为冷、热源、利用热泵技术为商务区提供空调用冷、热水的方案,介绍了冬季供冷的四管制设计思路,同时对空调水系统进行了设计,阐述了采用二次泵+一次泵变流量设计的合理性等;设计内容可为大规模商务区集中供冷供热的暖通空调冷热源系统设计提供参考。

体育场馆建筑空调系统运行评价与优化

在“双碳”目标背景下,建筑能效提升工作备受关注。基于上海某体育场馆建筑空调系统实际运行监测数据,对空调系统运行进行分析、评价、诊断及优化。结果表明,空调系统运行中风冷热泵机组能耗占90%,水泵占10%。风冷热泵机组平均COP为3.01,水泵输送系数平均值为23.9。热泵机组进出水平均温差为3.2℃,系统平均温差仅为1.5℃,远低于设计温差。系统的循环水量远大于实际需求,通过水泵优化控制可实现水泵能耗降低64%。风冷热泵机组负荷分配与台数优化控制可使能耗降低6.7%,水冷变频离心机组负荷分配优化与台数优化控制可使能耗降低8.9%。相比风冷热泵机组,优先运行水冷变频离心机组可减少空调系统能耗36.9%。

夏热冬冷地区利用空气源热泵回收火力发电厂汽轮机房余热的实践

以国内某大型清洁高效燃煤发电厂汽轮机房为例,对冬季室内散热量、温度分布情况进行了分析,提出了利用空气源热泵回收汽轮机房空气余热的方案。分析了不同环境温度和出水温度下的空气源热泵性能系数(COP)变化情况,并拟合了数学模型。结果表明,该工程供暖期空气源热泵机组平均COP提升约20%,最冷时段内COP提升近32%,年节约电量约2.3万kW·h,节能效益显著。

成都某五星级酒店暖通空调设计

以成都某文旅酒店暖通空调设计为例,充分分析本项目所在地气候环境,结合建筑布局,从冷热源设置、空调系统设计、通风防排烟系统设计等方面的进行研究,提高酒店的舒适性,满足绿色节能的要求,详细介绍了酒店设计方案,为同类酒店提供参考依据。