Engineering geological classification of the structural planes for hydroelectric projects in Emeishan Basalts

The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types （original structural plane, tectonic structural plane and hypergenic structural plane） and the associated features of the Emeishan basalts and then studies the classification schemes of the built hydropower structure planes of different rock areas （the east district, the central district and the west district） in the Emeishan basalt distribution area, Southwest China. Based on the analysis and comparison of the scale and the engineering geological characteristics of the typical structure planes in the basalt hydroelectric Stations, the types of structural planes are used in the first order classification. The secondary order classification is made by considering the impact factors of rock mass quality, e.g., the state of the structural planes, infilling, joint opening, extending length, the grade of weathering and strength. The engineering geological classification for Emeishan basalt is proposed. Because there are no evidences of a large structure presenting in study area, the first-order （Ⅰ） controlling structural planes do not appear in the classification, there only appear Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade structural planes influencing the rock-mass quality. According to the different rock-block types in bedding fault zone, the second-grade （Ⅱ） structural planes consisted of bedding fault zone is further classified into Ⅱ1, Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3. The third-grade （Ⅲ） structural planes constructed by intraformational faulted zones are not subdivided. According to the different characteristics of intrusion, alteration and weathering unloading structural planes, the Ⅳ grade structure plane is divided into Ⅳ1, Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ3. According to the development characteristics of joints and fractures, the V grade structure plane is divided into fracture Ⅴ1 and columnar joint Ⅴ2. In all, the structural planes are classified into four groups with nine subsets. The research proposes the engineering geological classification of the structural plane for the hydropower project in the Emishan basalts, and the result of the study has a potential application in similar regions.

A NOTE ON THE COORDINATIZATION OF EUCLIDEAN PLANE WITHOUT CONTINUITY

In this note we discuss the coordinatization of Euclidean plane without continuity, this method is based on the results in the papers [3] and [4].

The study and application of PTR algorithm on recognizing various structure samples

In this paper,four pattern recognition methods are set forth.Based on plane projection of samples and analysis of typical samples along with the few pattern recognition methods,the PTR algorithm for recognizing various structure samples is proposed.Also two examples are given and these show the PTR algorithm is effective.

Projection of the Semi-Axes of the Ellipse of Intersection

It is well known that the line of intersection of an ellipsoid and a plane is an ellipse (see for instance [1]). In this note the semi-axes of the ellipse of intersection will be projected from 3d space onto a 2d plane. It is shown that the projected semi-axes agree with results of a method used by Bektas [2] and also with results obtained by Schrantz [3].

Projections,Birkhoff Orthogonality and Angles in Normed Spaces

Let X be a Minkowski plane, i.e., a real two dimensional normed linear space. We use projections to give a definition of the angle Aq（x, y） between two vectors x and y in X, such that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y if and only if Aq（x,y）=π/2. Some other properties of this angle are also discussed.

Novel method for extraction of ship target with overlaps in SAR image via EM algorithm

The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be influenced.For addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets with overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is pro-posed.First,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection technique.Then,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target with a single IPP.Afterwards,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,with which the radar image of a single target with a sin-gle IPP can be generated.The proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,which can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most possibly.Results of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Totally Real Surfaces of the Cayley Projective Plane with Parallel Mean Curvature Vector

It has been shown, under certain conditions on the Gauss curvature, every totally real surface of the Cayley projective plane with parallel mean curvature vector is either flat or totally geodesic.

Evaluations of Novel Waveform Coding Signals Based on Finite Projective Plane

The most popular and representative classic waveform codes are referred to as orthogonal,bi-orthogonal,simplex,and etc,but the choice of waveform codes is essentially identical in error performance and cross correlation characteristic.Though bi-orthogonal coding requires half the bandwidth of the others,such coding scheme is attractive only when large bandwidth is available.In this paper,a novel finite projective plane（FPP） based waveform coding scheme is proposed,which is with similar error performance and cross correlation.Nevertheless,the bandwidth requirement will grow in a quadratic way,but not in an exponential way with the values of message bit numbers（k）.The proposed scheme takes obvious advantages over the bi-orthogonal scheme when k ≥ 6.

基于Plane-Gaussian神经网络的网络流状态监测

针对复杂网络环境下网络流监测(分类)问题,为实现多个类别直接分类以及提高学习方法的训练速度,提出了一种随机的人工神经网络学习方法。该方法借鉴平面高斯(PG)神经网络模型,引入随机投影思想,通过计算矩阵伪逆的方法解析获得网络连接矩阵,理论上可证明该网络具有全局逼近能力。在人工数据和标准网络流监测数据上进行了实验仿真,与同样采用随机方法的极限学习机(ELM)和PG网络相比,分析与实验结果表明:1)由于继承了PG网络的几何特性,对平面型分布数据更为有效;2)采用了随机方法,训练速度与ELM相当,但比PG网络快得多;3)三种方法中,该方法更有利于解决网络流监测问题。

随机投影下的Plane-Gaussian人工神经网络

针对平面高斯神经(Plane-Gaussian,PG)网络采用k-平面聚类算法得到网络参数,使得网络训练时间过长,且易陷入局部极小值的问题,借鉴极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)中网络参数随机选择的方式,提出了随机投影下的平面高斯神经网络(Plane-Gaussian network based on random projection,RandPG)。该网络采用随机投影的方式确定隐层激活函数的参数,然后利用Moore-Penrose广义逆求解输出层权值。理论上证明该网络具有全局逼近性。同时,对呈直线型和平面型的人工数据集以及UCI标准数据库中的分类数据集进行测试,结果表明,RandPG网络提供了一种简便的参数学习方法,并且在继承了PG网络对呈子空间分布的数据分类具有优势的情况下,显著提高了网络的学习速度。

Two Section Algorithms For MRI Scanner

We develop two models for obtaining cross-secions at any angle through an object consisting of black-and-white line drawings and these two models both allow us to calculate the value of every pixel in the section, and thus a pictare of the section can be produces. We use a spherical co-ordinate system to describe the asction and vector p (φ,θ, ρ) can be uded to determine the section, if point p is in the section and the direction of vector p is the same as the orientation of the section. The method of smooth filtering is adopted in both models to filter sharp boundaries.Further-more, some other methods of filtering for special uses can be added to our model in the real practice, thus the model can be used in a larger range.We wrote a program using Visual Basic 5 .0 to implement our algorithm , created three data sets of simple three-dimensional object by functions, and produced fairly clear and accurate pictures of the slice of the three dimensioal array by several arbitrary planes in space. And we believe our model would significantly maintain the accurcy of pic-tures, even when the date from the object is more complex.

A Quantitative Computational Method for Landslip Orientation of a Body Isolated from Bed Rock in Mountain by Using Spatial Analytic Geometry

The paper is going to give a quantitative computational method for “Landslip Orientation of a body isolated from bed rock in Mountain” only with spatial analytic geometry. The paper gives computational formulae in proper order for only landslip plane, just two landslip planes and just three landslip planes, and gives numerical examples. And the paper gives a general computational model for landslip orientation of m landslip planes. The author puts forward “Un-allowed Straight Angle Law”, “Critical Straight Angle Law” and “Allowed Straight Angle Law”. Finally, the author gives a project expression of a landslip plane on unit sphere.

Teaching method for reading views by analyzing lines and planes

This paper deals with the teaching method in reading engineering drawing. It introduces the basic theory and fundamental ideas as well as the approach of reading views by analyzing lines and planes. It gives out the steps for completing the third view based on the other two views. As it is easy and quick for students to read and understand views by this method, it is welcome by students in teaching practice.

Non-Euclidean Geometry and Regulated Characteristics of Limited Capacity Power Supply

The restriction of load power, two-valued regulation characteristic, and interference of several loads are observed in power supply systems with a limited capacity of voltage sources. In this paper, the definition of regime in an invariant form through different parameters, of changes of transformation ratio and voltage load is grounded for these circuits with two loads. The approach for interpretation of changes or ＂kinematics＂ of load regime is presented by using the conformal and hyperbolic plane. To simplify the task and reveal the basic moments of influence of the limited source power, the static regulation characteristics and idealized models of voltage converters are considered. Geometrical interpretation of a simplified model of multichannel power supply system allows basing the definition of operating regime parameters. Results can be useful for electric circuit theory education and for voltage coordinated control of given loads. Non-Euclidean geometry is a new mathematical apparatus in the electric circuit theory, adequately interprets ＂kinematics＂ of circuit, and provides a validation for the introduction and definition of the proposed concepts. From the methodological point, the presented approach is applied for a long time in other scientific domains, as mechanics and biology.

考虑结构面震动劣化效应的岩质边坡块体动力稳定性评价

为解决岩质边坡块体在地震作用下的动力稳定性评价问题,基于结构面的循环剪切数值试验研究结构面的震动劣化效应,从而构建结构面震动劣化数学模型;结合坐标投影原理提出考虑结构面强度震动劣化效应的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法;基于数值分析法研究地震波波动特性对岩质边坡块体稳定性的影响,并进一步基于突变理论提出位移动力响应放大系数突变判据,最后形成一套以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数共同评价块体动力稳定性的评价体系,拓展地震作用下块体动力稳定性评价新思路。研究表明,结构面震动劣化效应不仅受循环剪切幅值、循环剪切次数及相对运动速度影响,还与起伏角度密切相关;通过算例证实了考虑结构面震动劣化的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法的准确性,所提出的以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数的共同评价体系更加安全可靠,将促进块体动力稳定性理论的发展,对边坡地质灾害的防治具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

合成孔径雷达快速后向投影算法综述

后向投影(BP)算法是合成孔径雷达成像算法发展的重要方向之一。然而,由于BP算法具有较大的计算量,阻碍了其在工程应用上的发展。因此,近年来如何有效地提高BP算法的运算效率受到了广泛的重视。该文讨论了基于多种成像面坐标系的快速BP算法,包括距离-方位平面坐标系、地平面坐标系和非欧氏坐标系。该文首先简要介绍了原始BP算法的原理和不同坐标系对加速BP算法的影响,并对BP算法的发展历程进行梳理。然后讨论了基于不同成像面坐标系的快速BP算法的研究进展,并重点介绍了作者所在研究团队近年来在快速BP成像方面完成的研究工作。最后介绍了快速BP算法在工程上的应用,并展望了未来快速BP成像算法的研究发展趋势。

单镜头倾斜摄影测量技术的应用及精度分析

针对5镜头无人机摄影测量技术在水利工程中的限制,提出一种单镜头无人机采用5航线倾斜测量法,对水利工程进行多角度拍摄,快速建立水利工程实景三维模型的方法。通过对三维模型的平面精度、高度精度进行误差分析,证明消费级无人机在多航线飞行方案下建立的水利工程实景三维模型满足现行《水利水电工程测量规范》和《三维地理信息模型数据产品规范》。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥方案构思与总体设计

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥采用(3×100+808+3×100)m超短边跨钢-混组合混合梁斜拉桥,一跨跨越通航水域。该桥公铁分层布置,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。主梁采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确、经济性好。中跨主梁采用板桁-箱桁组合结构钢梁,桥面结构参与主桁受力,具有高效综合性能。边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合梁,融结构受力和锚固压重于一体,叠合板采用32 cm厚预制板+40 cm厚现浇层。钢-混结合段采用“钢格室+承压板”构造,钢-混结合面位于桥塔向中跨侧4.6 m。桥塔采用H形混凝土塔,基础采用35根直径4.0 m的大直径钻孔灌注桩。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度2000 MPa的平行钢丝成品索,最大规格为PES(C)7-547。索梁锚固采用副桁弦杆节点兜底钢锚箱结构,传力可靠、抗疲劳性能好。索塔锚固创新地采用自平衡交叉混合锚固技术,以适应大规格斜拉索锚固。钢桁梁采用“纵向分段、横向分区”制造、运输、现场吊装的施工方案。

基于投影光瞳分布的星地激光通信波前探测

为了解决星地自由空间光学通信系统中的提前角问题,采用了一种基于光强传输的新型波前探测技术——投影光瞳面分布(Projected Pupil Plane Pattern,PPPP),并通过实验室实验验证了该技术的可行性。PPPP基于TIE光强传输公式,根据不同传输距离下光强分布的变化反解出大气湍流引起的波前畸变。由于PPPP采用的是上行通信激光本身的后向瑞利散射,其测量的大气湍流方向与通信卫星方向一致,因此可以有效解决星地激光通信中的提前角问题。实验模拟了1 m口径的地基望远镜作为上行激光发射装置和后向散射光斑成像设备,通过等效高度分别为10 km和17 km的上行激光后向散射光斑图像来实现对10 km以下大气湍流的波前探测。实验采用的波前畸变模拟装置包括空间光调制器和透明塑料片,实验结果表明,对不同的波前畸变PPPP和通用的夏克-哈特曼波前探测器可以实现相似的波前重构,两者重构相位的残差约为初始相位的30%。

空间最优投影平面的斜口圆截面管路端头位姿测量

船舶、飞机等发动机为减小体积,采用斜口管路焊接代替弯头连接,管路系统中端头位姿是焊接对齐的前提。针对斜口管路端头位姿的高效高精度测量难题,提出了一种通过重建管路轴线以及管路端面进行端头位姿精确测量的方法。通过获取种子圆柱并设计非线性寻优算法提高圆柱拟合精度,通过高精度种子圆柱扩散重建得到管路轴线。通过双曲率阈值搜索方法对管路边缘进行搜索,得到管路端面边缘点整像素坐标。通过对端面提取得到的整像素坐标进行椭圆拟合结合射线求交方法求解端面边缘亚像素坐标,从而避免插值方法计算亚像素坐标受环境光源影响大的问题。最后,使用逐点最小二乘法重建空间投影平面并在平面上得到残差最小空间椭圆,空间椭圆中心即为管路端点,该投影平面即为端面所在平面,实现了对端头位姿的精确测量。实验结果表明,该方法的测量精度达到0.05 mm,角度测量误差小于0.1°,基本满足斜口管路端头的位姿测量精度要求,对管路的装配具有良好的指导意义。