Relationships between Earth’s Rotation or Revolution and Geographical Extent of the Global Surface Monsoons

Monsoon seasons, occasionally also known as wet seasons or trade-wind littoral seasons, are found in the regions where there is a complete seasonal reversal of the prevailing surface winds. Accompanying these shifts in the prevailing surface winds are modulations in rainfall activity. Given the fact that our knowledge of the monsoons is mainly based on the interpretation of the mean values of precipitation, cloudiness and winds;relationships between earth’s rotation or revolution and geographical extent of the global surface monsoons deserve to be highlighted. In the abundant literary and audiovisual production devoted to monsoons worldwide and despite the fact that everyone agrees with physical law which shows that Coriolis force acts to the right in the northern hemisphere (to the left in the southern hemisphere), there is no reference to the relationship between Coriolis force (due to earth’s rotation) effects on troposphere general circulation and geographical extent of the global surface monsoons. Furthermore knowing that the ITCZ oscillations on either side of the equators (due to earth’s revolution) determine the seasons (mainly winter and summer), it is clear that earth’s revolution also plays a crucial role in the seasonal reversal of the prevailing surface winds observed in the regions where monsoons are found. Our main objective is to provide a rational answer to the question: what is a monsoon?

Impact of the World’s New Technological Revolution on Economic Development and Educational Reform in the Information Age

The fourth industrial revolution of human society is also known as the“world’s new technological revolution,”which has brought human society into the information age and has had an extremely important impact on economic development and educational reform.In the information age,economic development and wealth creation are dominated by the acquisition,mastery,distribution,and utilization of information instead of capital.Therefore,the cultivation of talents is very important,and educational reform is imperative with the rise of the world’s new technological revolution.

Hi-Tech Revolution The rise of China’s scientific and technological development

The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But this was no ordinary announcer： his voice and appearance have been entirely generated by artificial intelligence technology.

The Impact of Egypt’s Revolution on Africa

On January 25,massive protests broke out in Egypt resulting in President Hosni Mubarak being forced to resign from office on February 11.Egypt’s latest developments have aroused great concern in the international community.Zhang Zhongxiang, Deputy Director of the Department of West Asian and African Studies of Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,shared his thoughts with ChinAfrica on the causes of this event and its impact on African countries.Excerpts follow:

论信息技术革命的社会历史原因——基于SST理论的分析

信息技术革命所以发生在20世纪40年代末到90年代初期的美国,与特定历史时期的社会背景有关,SST理论为剖析信息技术革命的社会历史原因提供了一种全面而深刻的理论框架。该理论认为,技术革命与社会之间是一种良性互动的关系,但相较而言,现代社会对技术进步的决定作用尤显突出,这表现为:社会的政治需求、经济需求以及两者综合作用而产生的官—产—学—研一体化制度保障和完善的风险投资体制决定了信息技术革命必然发生在美国,它是“历史合力”的结果。

论劳动力结构变迁的“S”规律

脑力是劳动者揭示规律和发明利用规律的中介物的能力,体力是由劳动者自身的生物能所形成的机械力。体力具有有限性,脑力具有无限性。生产的发展,科技革命的发展,都是脑力无限性的表现。劳动力的结构是脑力和体力的关系及其比例。随着脑力发明利用体力的中介物的发展,体力在生产中所起的作用越来越小,而脑力所起的作用越来越大。但脑力永远是劳动力一部分,不可能是100%;体力所占的比例再小,也不能是0。这样,脑力在劳动力结构中的不断增长的曲线是一条“S”曲线,而体力在劳动力结构中的不断下降的曲线也是一条“S”曲线。认识劳动力结构变迁的“S”规律,对于引导人们科学认识科学技术是第一生产力、实施“科教兴国”战略和提高国际经济竞争力,都具有重要意义。

离心泵S形叶片流动特性及水力性能分析

对离心泵而言,叶片出口角β2是影响泵性能的一个重要参数。基于Fluent离心泵全流场数值模拟,对某型号低比转数离心泵进行了大出口角叶形的改形设计,研究了不同大出口角对离心泵水力性能的影响,并对比分析了原模型泵与S形叶片离心泵水力特性及流动特性。结果表明:离心泵扬程随着出口角的增大而增大,在出口角为90°时达到最大值。当出口角为90°时,S形叶片的水力性能最佳,在设计工况下及大流量工况泵扬程显著提升且效率有小幅度提升,但小流量工况下泵效率略有下降。S形叶片可以有效抑制离心泵叶轮内的边界层分离现象,且随着流量的增大抑制效果越明显。

An analysis of China's CO_2 emission peaking target and pathways

China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China＇s resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China＇s potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China＇s total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China＇s total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.

The Basic Principles of Kin Sociality and Eusociality: Human Evolution

The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.

Global Climate Change and China's Green Development

For China, green industrial revolution induced by global climate change poses not only the greatest challenge, but also the greatest opportunity. In the perspective of China's basic national conditions, and especially its natural conditions, China's green development is the inevitable path of choice for the realization of sustainable development and scientific development. The essence of China's modernization 2050 is green modernization, taking the three-step strategy towards China's own green development and energy conservation and emission reduction. In combination with the 12 th Five Year Plan, its innovative positioning is "green development plan".

Shift, the Law of the Invention of Zero

After posing the axiom of linear algebra, the author develops how this allows the calculation of arbitrary base powers, which provides an instantaneous calculation of powers in a particular base such as base ten;first of all by developing the any base calculation of these powers, then by calculating triangles following the example of the “arithmetical” triangle of Pascal and showing how the formula of the binomial of Newton is driving the construction. The author also develops the consequences of the axiom of linear algebra for the decimal writing of numbers and the result that this provides for the calculation of infinite sums of the inverse of integers to successive powers. Then the implications of these new forms of calculation on calculator technologies, with in particular the storage of triangles which calculate powers in any base and the use of a multiplication table in a very large canonical base are discussed.

Briefs

China＇s robotics industry saw a steady development in 2017 with about 1,686 robotics com- panies established, according to a report released at the Fifth China Robot Summit. By the end of 2017. the number of robotics companies in China exceeded 6,500. mainly located in China＇s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, said the report.

革命、无产阶级、大众化——论左翼文艺运动三个关键词之间的逻辑关系

“革命”“无产阶级”“大众化”是左翼文艺运动三大关键词。这三个关键词生动地反映了从革命文学论争到文艺大众化讨论进程中的左翼文艺运动历史风貌,对于中国现代无产阶级文学的形成与发展起到了范型作用。“革命”竖起了左翼文艺的道德标杆,确立了革命文学生存与发展的伦理优势;“无产阶级”标明了左翼文艺的意识形态属性,明确了革命文学的主体及思想立场;“大众化”初步型构了无产阶级文艺范式,解决了革命文学发展的基本路径与方法。“革命”“无产阶级”“大众化”以其不可分割的逻辑关系形象地演绎了中国现代无产阶级文学形成的关键历史进程,揭示了无产阶级文学最终走向胜利的历史必然性。

中国共产党跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率两个答案中的人民性思想

作为历经百年风雨而风华正茂的马克思主义政党,中国共产党成功的一个重要密码就在于将人民性思想体现在治国理政的全过程中,跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的两个答案就是一个典型范例。从“民主新路”到“自我革命”,是中国共产党在承袭马克思主义人民观、借鉴中国传统民本思想和总结党长期发展经验的基础上,在带领人民实现站起来、富起来到强起来的进程中,对中国共产党实际发展的积极回应,两个答案在价值追求、品质体现、目标导向等方面有着共同特质。新征程上,必须在“变”与“不变”中深化对人民性的理解、在强化制度建设中促使人民性原则落地生根、在良好的党群关系中有效助推党的自我革命,才能更好地理解这两个答案中坚持人民性思想的意义,更好地践行“两个答案”。

科技革命演进中的世界高等教育中心转移及其特征

每一次科技革命的发生都必然带来高等教育的大发展,而每一次高等教育的大发展又进一步推动科技革命的新突破。纵观人类科技革命史和高等教育发展史可以发现:世界高等教育中心经历了从欧洲到北美洲的转移过程,且在新一轮科技革命背景下呈现多中心的新趋势。其中,第一次科技革命以机器替代手工为标志,引领世界高等教育的内外变革,奠定了以欧洲为中心的近代大学主旋律;第二次科技革命以电气的广泛应用为标志,高等教育成为推动第二次科技革命的主阵地,德国和美国相继主导世界科技的发展,世界高等教育中心开始从欧洲向北美转移;第三次科技革命以信息技术、新能源技术等为突破口,美国成为国际人才流动与集聚的世界高等教育中心,科技与教育深度互动的政产学研战略协同机制成为新的变革方向。在新一轮科技革命背景下,中国迅速崛起,多中心格局成为时代趋势,努力建成世界主要科学中心和创新高地成为中国实现创新驱动发展战略与教育强国战略的共同目标。从演变过程看,科技革命与高等教育的关系经历了从单向推动到双向联动的系统深化过程,世界高等教育中心的形成呈现动态演变的历史特征,受到教育内外部系统的多重因素影响。面向新时代,世界各国竞争趋势加剧,高等教育在国家发展和科技创新中的战略性地位得到进一步彰显,世界高等教育发展呈现竞合共存的局面。以中国为首的后发型国家在科技革命与高等教育的双向互动中将逐渐由“边缘”走向“中心”,成为影响世界高等教育发展的重要力量。

论建党前后和大革命时期列宁主义在中国的传播

列宁主义在中国的传播是马克思主义的中国传播史中不可或缺的重要组成部分,应当给予必要的关注。建党前后和大革命时期列宁主义在中国的传播并非历史的偶然,而是当时国内外诸多因素“合力”作用的结果。建党前后和大革命时期列宁主义在中国传播的内容主要集中在无产阶级专政理论、帝国主义理论、新经济政策理论、民族和殖民地理论等。建党前后和大革命时期列宁主义在中国的传播为中国先进知识分子认识、选择和接受马克思主义提供了桥梁,推动了中国共产党的成立及其对中国革命基本问题的探索。

Lu Xun＇s Classical-Style Poetry and the 1911 Revolution

The extent of Lu Xun＇s identification with the cause of the revolutionists who worked to bring about the 1911 Revolution has been the subject of debate among scholars ever since the year after his death when his brother Zhou Zuoren emphatically denied his membership in the Guangfu Hui. The scholars who think he did join （and actively participate in） that revolutionary organization rely on attributions to Lu Xun by third parties who conversed with him late in his life, but Lu Xun never actually addressed this question in his written or published works and, despite his student-teacher relationship with Zhang Taiyan （and therefore by inference the Tokyo and Zhejiang branches of the Guangfu Hui）, no one has ever brought forth archival evidence to support the claim of his membership. Here I will examine the classical-style poetry Lu Xun wrote before and after the event in order to gauge through first-hand evidence his disposition toward the Republican revolution and the historic transition it signaled for China.

新时代党的自我革命制度规范体系的三重维度

党的自我革命制度规范体系是新时代新征程推进全面从严治党,实现党的自我革命制度化、规范化的重大战略举措,有其自身的生成逻辑、构建原则和实践路径。新时代完善党的自我革命制度规范体系必须深刻理解党的自我革命制度规范体系的理论逻辑、历史逻辑和现实逻辑;必须牢牢坚持以中国共产党的领导为根本保证、以党章为最高统领、以民主集中制为基本原则、以人民为中心的价值立场,制度治党、依规治党,更好地推进全面从严治党,从而以党的自我革命引领伟大社会革命。

A Short Essay on the Leftspeak during China's Cultural Revolution

This paper tries to show in what ways China’s Cultural Revolution affected the use of the Chinese language. It will quote expressions and catch-phrases of the time and dissect them from the lexical, semantic and pragmatic points of view, always bearing in mind the con-