Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Composition in the Head, Muscle and Tail of Fresh African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus)

Consumption of seafood has increased globally over the past 50 years, from an average of 9.9 kg per capital in the 1960s to over 20 kg in 2016. In Nigeria, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has gained more attention in terms of farming and consumption compared to other seafood. This project was carried out to determine the level of amino acid composition in the head, muscle and tail of catfish so as to enlighten the public about their choice on the part of catfish to be eaten. Eight different sets of fresh catfish with a mean ± standard deviation of 15.6 kg ± 1.89, which were collected from a local fish pound in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, were used for the analysis. Extraction and evaluation of the amino acid composition were carried out using standard analytical techniques. The results obtained showed that high values of amino acids were observed in the fresh catfish (g/100g protein): 13.27 - 13.87 (Glu), 8.76 - 10.39 (Asp), 7.20 - 9.15 (Leu), 7.00 - 8.26 (Lys) and a low value in (Cys), 1.27 - 1.38. The total amino acids had a range of 89.16 - 92.12 g/100g. The coefficient of variation percent (CV %) for all the parameters determined were all generally low with values of 0.74 (observed for Ser) and 39.41 (observed for Pro). Total essential amino acid with histidine values ranged from 38.64 - 42.91 g/100g (CV % = 5.66). It was also observed that the concentrations (g/100g) of amino acids in the muscle of fresh catfish (92.12) are higher than that of the tail (91.98) and that of the head (89.16). There is no appreciable variation in the amino composition of the head, muscle and tail of catfish as the values observed were found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Therefore, it could be posited that the amino acid in the muscle, tail and head of African catfish would therefore be enough to prevent malnutrition in children and in adults who feed solely on any part of this fish as a main source of protein.

Vehicle Head and Tail Recognition Algorithm for Lightweight DCDSNet

In the model of the vehicle recognition algorithm implemented by the convolutional neural network,the model needs to compute and store a lot of parameters.Too many parameters occupy a lot of computational resources making it difficult to run on computers with poor performance.Therefore,obtaining more efficient feature information of target image or video with better accuracy on computers with limited arithmetic power becomes the main goal of this research.In this paper,a lightweight densely connected,and deeply separable convolutional network(DCDSNet)algorithmis proposed to achieve this goal.Visual Geometry Group(VGG)model is improved by utilizing the convolution instead of the fully connected module,the deeply separable convolution module,and the densely connected network module,with the first two modules reducing the parameters and the third module allowing the algorithm to have more features in a limited number of parameters.The algorithm achieves better results in the mine vehicle recognition dataset.Experiments show that the recognition accuracy is improved by 4.41% compared to VGG19 and the amount of parameters is reduced by 71% compared to VGG19.

Microstructures and properties of cancellous bone of avascular necrosis of femoral heads

The aim of this study is to investigate microscopic structure and characterize cancellous bone of avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ANFH）. The rabbit model of the ANFH is established. The histopathologic features are studied successfully. The differences between the steroidinjection group （S.G.） and the controlled group （C.G.） are examined, including the weight of rabbits, the hematological examination and the three-dimensional stnactures. It is found that the plasma levels of cholesterol （CHO）, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） in S.G. are lower than those in C.G. when the triglyceride （TG） increased in the S.G.; but the bone mineral content （BMC） and the structural model index （SMI） of the organ and tissue decreased significantly in S.G. Three-dimensional structures of the femoral head are obtained using micro-computed tomography （CT） scanning and the mechanical model is established to analyze the influences of these structural changes on the mechanical properties of the cancellous bone.

Phase, magnetism and thermal conductivity of glass ceramics from iron ore tailings

In order to develop the applications of ore tailings, the glass ceramics were prepared by using a conventional melting-quenching-sintering process. The phase component, microstructures, magnetic properties and thermal conductivities of the prepared glass ceramics were investigated by using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermophysical properties tester, respectively. The results show that orthorhombic olivine-type phase and triclinic sunstone-type phase formed when the glass was annealed at 700 oC, the concentration of olivine-type and sunstone-type phases decreased, the spinel-type cubic phase occurred and the amount increased when the annealing temperatures increased. The magnetic properties from the cubic spinel ferrites were detected in the glass ceramics, and the related saturation magnetization increased with the annealing temperature increasing. The porous glass ceramics with magnetic property showed much lower thermal conductivity, compared with the non-magnetic porous glass-ceramic and the dense glass-ceramics.

Synthesis and performance of Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites from tailings

Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites were prepared using Ca-α/β-SiAlON powder synthesized from gold ore tailings, which contained abundant Si and Al elements as the major raw materials together with minor additives, through a pressure-less sintering method. The influ- ences of sintering temperature on the phase composition and mierostrueture of the composites were analyzed. The scanning electron micros- copy images of the composites show the interlacing of grains with elongated columnar, short columnar and plate-like morphologies. The composites sintered at 1520℃ for 6 h have a flexural strength of 352 MPa, Vickers hardness of 11.2 GPa, and fracture toughness of 4.8 MPa·m1/2. The relative content of each phase in the products is I（Ca-α-SiAION）：I（β-SiAlON）：I（Fe3Si） = 23：74：3, where Ii stands for the dif- fraction peak intensity of phase i.

Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of sintered ceramics based on spodumene tailings

In this study,ceramics was prepared by slip casting(no pressure was used during shaping step)and atmospheric pressure sintering with low-melting point glass(LPG)powder as the binding material to facilitate the transformation of spodumene flotation tailings(SFTs)into ceramics at lower temperatures.The influence of sintering temperature and mass ratio of LPG on the mechanical properties(flexural strength and compressive strength)of ceramic materials was studied by orthogonal test.The results showed that when the mass ratio of LPG powder was higher than or equal to 20 wt%and the sintering temperature was higher than or equal to 550℃,mutual adhesion between the sample particles was realised and consequently the ceramic materials could be prepared with good mechanical properties(the maximum flexural strength=19.55 MPa,the maximum compressive strength=42.25 MPa,average porosity=24.52%,average apparent density=1.66 g/cm^(3),and average water absorption=14.79%).The sintered ceramics were characterized by XRF,XRD,optical microscopy analysis,SEM,TGA-DSC and FT-IR.The formation of liquid phase at high temperature may lead to the mutual bonding between particles,which might be the main reason for the improvement of mechanical properties of ceramic materials.Overall,SFTs were successfully sintered at low temperature to prepare ceramic materials with good mechanical properties,which are crucial for energy conservation and environmental preservation.

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of solidified copper tailings with hydantoin epoxy resin

Based on the strength and microstructure tests,the effects of the hydantoin epoxy resin content and curing time on the mechanical properties and microstructure of copper tailings specimens were studied.The results showed that the strength of the solidified specimens was increased to 20.84 MPa with 30 wt.%addition of hydantoin epoxy resin.When the specimens with 10%hydantoin epoxy resin were cured for 7 and 14 d,the strengths were 6.33 and 6.67 MPa respectively,which met the requirements as foundation filler and building materials.The microscopic tests showed that the agglomeration was enhanced and the porosities of the solidified specimens were reduced with increase in the hydantoin epoxy resin content,which could greatly enhance the strength of solidified specimens.

Preparation and Microwave Absorbing Properties of Double-layer Fine Iron Tailings Cementitious Materials

To develop the microwave absorbing(MA)properties of cementitious material mixed with mine solid waste,the iron tailings cementitious microwave absorbing materials were prepared.The iron tailings was treated into different particle sizes by planetary ball mill,and the physicochemical properties of iron tailings were tested by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The electromagnetic parameters of iron tailings cementitious materials were characterized by a vector network analyzer and simulated MA properties,and the MA properties of iron tailings-cement composite system with steel fiber as absorber was studied.Based on the design of the single-layer structure,optimum mix ratio and thickness configuration method of double-layer structure were further studied,meanwhile,the mechanical properties and engineering application were analyzed and discussed.The results show that the particle size of iron tailings can afiect its electromagnetic behavior in cementitious materials,and the smaller particles lead the increase of demagnetisation efiect induced by domain wall motion and achieve better microwave absorbing properties in cementitious materials.When the thickness of matching layer and absorbing layer is 5 mm,the optimized microwave absorbing properties of C1/C3 double-layer cementitious material can obtain optimal RL value of-27.61 dB and efiective absorbing bandwidth of 0.97 GHz,which attributes to the synergistic efiect of impedance matching and attenuation characteristics.The double-layer microwave absorbing materials obtain excellent absorbing properties and show great design flexibility and diversity,which can be used as a suitable candidate for the preparation of favorable microwave absorbing cementitious materials.

Dissimilar survival and clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinoma located in pancreatic head and body/tail

BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows that pancreatic tumors in different anatomical locations have different characteristics,which have a significant impact on prognosis.However,no study has reported the differences between pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma(PMAC)in the head vs the body/tail of the pancreas.AIM To investigate the differences in survival and clinicopathological characteristics between PMAC in the head and body/tail of pancreas.METHODS A total of 2058 PMAC patients from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database diagnosed between 1992 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.We divided the patients who met the inclusion criteria into pancreatic head group(PHG)and pancreatic body/tail group(PBTG).The relationship between two groups and risk of invasive factors was identified using logistic regression analysis.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to compare the overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)of two patient groups.RESULTS In total,271 PMAC patients were included in the study.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS rates of these patients were 51.6%,23.5%,and 13.6%,respectively.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year CSS rates were 53.2%,26.2%,and 17.4%,respectively.The median OS of PHG patients was longer than that of PBTG patients(18 vs 7.5 mo,P<0.001).Compared to PHG patients,PBTG patients had a greater risk of metastases[odds ratio(OR)=2.747,95%confidence interval(CI):1.628-4.636,P<0.001]and higher staging(OR=3.204,95%CI:1.895-5.415,P<0.001).Survival analysis revealed that age<65 years,male sex,low grade(G1-G2),low stage,systemic therapy,and PMAC located at the pancreatic head led to longer OS and CSS(all P<0.05).The location of PMAC was an independent prognostic factor for CSS[hazard ratio(HR)=0.7,95%CI:0.52-0.94,P=0.017].Further analysis demonstrated that OS and CSS of PHG were significantly better than PBTG in advanced stage(stage III-IV).CONCLUSION Compared to the pancreatic body/tail,PMAC located in the pancreatic head has better survival and favorable clinicopathological characteristics.

Mechanical Properties and Solidified Mechanism of Tailings Mortar with Waste Glass

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization of solid waste such as iron tailings and waste glass and so on,mechanical property test of cement tailings mortar mixed waste glass and curing mechanism research were conducted in the key materials mechanics lab of Liaoning province.The experimental results show that adding waste glass particles can improve the grain size distribution of tailings.The effect is proportional to the content.The compressive strength of tailings mortar has increased significantly.The fineness modulus of tailings mortar mixture adding waste glass powder was gradually reducing with the increase of the dosage of waste glass powder,but the compressive strength of the mixture has gradually enhanced with the increase of the dosage.Microscopic analysis shows that the waste glass particles in the mortar mainly play a role of coarse aggregate and glass powder after grinding fine below a certain size shows strong volcanic activity,which can act hydration with tailings,at the same time glass powder also,plays a role in fine aggregate filling.Therefore,all of glass particles and glass powder can be used as the additive material for improving and optimizing the mechanical property of tailings mortar.

Long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics of cemented tailings backfill through impact loading

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB)structures are important components of underground mine stopes.It is important to investigate the characteristics and dynamic behavior of CTB materials because they are susceptible to disturbance by dynamic loading,such as excavation and blasting.In this study,the authors present the results of a series of Split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)single and cyclic impact loading tests on CTB specimens to investigate the long-term dynamic mechanical properties of CTB.The stress-strain relationship,dynamic strength,and dynamic failure characteristics of CTB specimens are analyzed and discussed to provide valuable conclusions that will improve our knowledge of CTB long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics.For instance,the dynamic peak stress under cyclic impact loading is approximately twice that under single impact loading,and the CTB specimens are less prone to fracture when cyclically loaded.These findings and conclusions can provide a new set of references for the stability analysis of CTB materials and help guide mine designers in reducing the amount of binding agents and the associated mining cost.

Rheological properties of tailing paste slurry

The initial shear stress and plastic cohesion ( η ) are the most important parameters reflecting the rheological properties of the paste slurry. The rheological parameters as well as the quantitative relationship among the consumption of different fill materials were obtained through the experiment and research on these parameters. They can be used to predict the scope of the values of τ and η in production for a given ratio, which can reduce the conveying resistance of fill slurry along the pipelines and avoid the blockage of the pipelines. It is found that the rheological model of the total tailing slurry belongs to the Bingham type, which has a feature of strong internal structure and large initial shear stress. The calculation formula for the resistance loss of pipelines conforms nicely to the field test and the actual production in Jinchuan Nickel Mine.

Investigation of the Effect of Using Different Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties in Cemented Paste Backfill

In the cemented paste backfill(CPB)method,which can also be used for fortification purposes in mines,different additive materials with pozzolanic properties can be employed as substitutes instead of cement that is the main binder.One of the most popular pozzolanic materials that can be employed instead of cement is fly ash,which is thermal power plant tailings.But the compositions of fly ash and tailings used in high amounts in the CPB method,as well as the chemical structures that these materials form by interacting with the cement binder,affect the mechanical properties of the material depending on time.In this study,fly ash with 4 different chemical compositions(TFA,SFA,YFA,and CFA)was used as a cement substitute in CPB.By substituting fly ash with different chemical compositions in different proportions,CPB samples were created and their strength was elucidated according to 28,56,and 90-day curing times.The results of the study revealed that TFA with the highest CaO/SiO_(2) and SO_(3) ratios remained stable at the strength values of 6 MPa(total 9% binder)and 10 MPa(total 11% binder)in the long term.However,CFA with the lowest CaO/SiO_(2),SO_(3),and the highest SiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)+Fe_(2)O_(3) ratios resulted in the greatest strength increase at a 20%substitution rate(11% of the total binder).Nevertheless,it was found that the SFA,which is in Class F,increased its strength in the early period based on the CaO rate.

Heuristic algorithms for scheduling on uniform parallel machines with heads and tails

This paper considers the uniform parallel machine scheduling problem with unequal release dates and delivery times to minimize the maximum completion time.For this NP-hard problem,the largest sum of release date,processing time and delivery time first rule is designed to determine a certain machine for each job,and the largest difference between delivery time and release date first rule is designed to sequence the jobs scheduled on the same machine,and then a novel algorithm for the scheduling problem is built.To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm,a lower bound for the problem is proposed.The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is tested based on the data with problem size varying from 200 jobs to 600 jobs.The computational results indicate that the average relative error between the proposed algorithm and the lower bound is only 0.667%,therefore the solutions obtained by the proposed algorithm are very accurate.

Experimental Study on theMechanical Properties ofPaste-like Fill Material

The experiments, which include the complete stress-strain curves, triaxial compressive loading history and the main factors affecting the compressive strength of the material, were made to research the mechanical properties of paste-like fill material. The results show that the material still has a relatively high load-bearing capacity after yielding. From the view of the backfill strength, the suitable content of the fine particles in the aggregates is 20%, the curing temperature of backfill slurry is about 20 centigrade degrees or higher. The backfill strength can reach 2.5-3.6 MPa when the binder dosage is 5%-8%. It can meet the needs for mining with backfill.

Influence of rheological characteristics on the fluidization catastrophe of tailings flows

Limited by mining technology,mineral exploitation can produce large amounts of tailings.Heavy summer rainfall or seasonal freeze-thaw can lead to physical and chemical modification of tailing material in mountainous areas,resulting in fluidized tailings flow and severe disaster losses.Therefore,aiming at the problem of tailings fluidization catastrophe,this paper tried to reveal the rheological mechanism of tailings fluidization transformation by combining rheological tests and theoretical analysis.The results show that the yield stress increases with decreasing temperature,and when the density of debris flow(ρ)is more than 1.9 g/cm~3,this behavior becomes more pronounced as the density increases.The storage modulus decreases by at least two orders of magnitude at the solid-fluid transition under amplitude test sweep.Storage and loss modulus in the linear viscoelastic range and yield stress have an exponential growth relationship with sediment concentration.In addition,a stress constitutive relation and a new exponential law describing the evolution of yield stress required for solid-liquid transformation were proposed,and the relationship is further strengthened through a comprehensive analysis of existing results,which expands the evaluation application of the rheological characteristics of tailings flow.This paper provides a new insight into the rheological properties of tailing and how they occur through solid-liquid transition under different environments,which is beneficial to geological hazard prevention and the ecological remediation of the mining area.

Effect of Absorption of Patch Antenna Signals on Increasing the Head Temperature

Every new generation of antennas is characterized by increased accuracy and faster transmission speeds.However,patch antennas have been known to damage human health.This type of antenna sends out electromagnetic waves that increase the temperature of the human head and prevent nerve strands from functioning properly.This paper examines the effect of the communication between the patch antenna and the brain on the head’s temperature by developing a hypothetical multi-input model that achieves more accurate results.These inputs are an individual’s blood and tissue,and the emission power of the antenna.These forces depend on the permeability and conductivity characteristics of the metal from which the antenna is fabricated.The proposed model is the first one that links the material the antenna is manufactured from and the head’s temperature.The results show that there are only a small number of materials that should be used as antenna covers.These materials are in the form of thin films.By using these thin films at different temperatures,the risk to the head can be reduced.This paper finds that the best results were obtained when the patch antenna was made of one of the following materials operating at a specific temperature:traditional materials at 305°K;casting cast steel at around 295°K;bismuth telluride(Bi2Te3)at 290°K;or barium sodium niobate at 310°K.

A bull-heading water control technique of thermo-sensitive temporary plugging agent

Aimed at the disadvantages of secondary damage to oil layers caused by the conventional bull-heading water control technique, a thermo-sensitive temporary plugging agent for water control was synthesized by water solution polymerization and applied in the field with a new secondary temporary plugging technique. The optimization and performance evaluation of thermo-sensitive temporary plugging agent were carried out through laboratory experiments. The optimized formula is as follows:(6%-8%) acrylamide +(0.08%-0.12%) ammonium persulfate +(1.5%-2.0%) sepiolite +(0.5%-0.8%) polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The thermo-sensitive temporary plugging agent is suitable for formation temperatures of 70-90 ?C, it has high temporary plugging strength(5-40 k Pa), controllable degradation time(1-15 d), the apparent viscosity after degradation of less than 100 m Pa?S and the permeability recovery value of simulated cores of more than 95%. Based on the research results, secondary temporary plugging technique was used in a horizontal well in the Jidong Oilfield. After treatment, the well saw a drop of water cut to 27%, and now it has a water cut of 67%, its daily increased oil production was 4.8 t, and the cumulative oil increment was 750 t, demonstrating that the technique worked well in controlling water production and increasing oil production.

The Effect of Different Levels of Sunflower Head Pith Powder on Some Emulsion Attributes of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat

In this study, the effect of sunflower head pith powder at various concentrations （0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%） on the emulsion properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat （MDCM） was investigated in a model system. For this purpose, fresh and frozen MDCM samples were used for preparing the oil/water （O/W） model emulsion systems, pH values of slurries and emulsions, emulsion capacity （EC）, stability （ES） and viscosity （EV） of the prepared model system emulsions were analyzed. Protein, fat, ash, dry matter contents and pH value of MDCM were 14.85, 14.93, 0.99, 30.45% and 6.7, respectively. It was found that the pith powder addition significantly （P 〈 0.01） decreased the pH values of slurries. On the other hand, the effect of pith powder addition on pH values of emulsions was insignificant （P 〉 0.01）. The highest EC value was reached when 1% of pith powder added. ES values of the emulsions reached a maximum level at 1.5% pith powder level. Fresh MDCM emulsions had higher EV values than did frozen MDCM emulsions at 10, 20, 50 rpm.

曲线多尺度表达的Head-Tail信息量分割法

本文提出一种基于Head-Tail信息量分割的地理要素多尺度表达模型。首先通过傅里叶变换将地理线要素转换为傅里叶描述子,并通过香农信息熵理论计算其频域信息量。然后,按Head-Tail数据分布模式确定地理要素信息量的分界点,并设计函数对各个分界点所对应的傅里叶截断频率进行估计。最后,参考传统方根模型,建立以地理要素频率信息量为基础的信息方根模型,计算与各个地图层次相对应的关键尺度,实现地理要素的层次化多尺度表达。采用等高线及海岸线的数据试验表明,本文所提出的模型能够有效根据设定的比例尺对地理要素进行化简,对不同目标比例尺的简化结果体现出了良好的区分度与层次性。同时,在保证化简结果与原地理要素面积重叠比一致的情况下,本文模型所得到的结果优于传统的简化算法。