Research Progress of Water Environment Protection in Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages

This study reviews research papers on the protection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,summarizes present research tendencies from the perspectives of definition,classification and selection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,influence of water environment on these towns and villages,proposes suggestions for improvement,and concludes characteristics and deficiencies of these researches,in order to provide references for future water environment protection in similar sites.

Distribution characteristics of China's key cultural relic tourism resources and suggestions to its development and protection

SPSS13.0 was used to process the data of the 1-6 batch of key cultural relic conservation units promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China;and multi-element evaluation method was used to calculate the composite distribution index.The spatial distribution of cultural relics of provinces in China can be divided into four grades,namely:very rich areas,rich areas,poor areas and very poor areas;the article analyzes the characteristics of cultural resources in spatial and temporal distribution.The paper holds that(1)the distribution of China's cultural relic tourism resources is relatively concentrated,different sharply from region to region,with more Han nation's heritage,less relics of the ethnic minorities;(2) Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi Province are the main regions with heavy distribution of cultural resources;(3) relics appeared in specific time periods in China's history.Ming and Qing Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Liao and Jin,the Western Han,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the New Stone Age are the major periods producing more cultural relics.This paper also analyzes relationships of the emergence of cultural relics with production technology,specific historical process,specific geographical location,political system,religion,national culture,customs,architectural styles and techniques of the traditional cultural educational system.Finally,the paper discusses the development and protection of heritage.

Protective Measures for Space Environment of Time-honored Brands——With Xi'an City as a Study Case

Based on the field survey and analysis of representative traditional time-honored shops in Xi'an City,specific measures for protecting their space environment were put forward,and the sustainable preservation and development pattern of such intangible cultural heritages in the future urban development was established.

Welcome Lost Cultural Relics Back!

A statistics show that China lost more than 10 million cultural relics after the Opium War in 1840. Following the return of 361 pieces of Chinese cultural relics by the United States, Italy has recently returned 796 pieces of lost Chinese cultural relics and artworks, demonstrating the efforts and effectiveness of exchanges and cooperation in international cultural relics protection.

Effects of Tibetan Traditional Ecological Culture on Ecological Environment of Tibetan Areas

Firstly, the characteristics and roles of Tibetan traditional ecological culture were introduced, and then the predicament of Tibetan traditional ecological culture when facing modem ecological problems was analyzed, finally some suggestions giving full play to the active roles of Tibetan traditional ecological culture were put forward, such as paying more attention to the beneficial factors of Tibetan traditional ecological culture, capturing the bonding point of Tibetan traditional ecological culture and modern science, and meeting legitimate development demand and rationally developing and utilizing natural resources.

Renovation and Protection Project of Peking Union Medical College:Renovation and Reconstruction Design of Concealed Works

Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),as the representative work of Chinese modern architecture,has had a great impact on the development of Chinese modern architecture.Its advanced and complete concealed works contain great value and are valuable materials for the study of Chinese modern architecture.This paper studies the concealed works of PUMC,enriches the research data in this field,and summarizes the transformation design scheme of concealed works in the protection and repair of ancient buildings of PUMC.

Analysis on Typical Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Open-cast Mining and Its Countermeasures

In order to deal with the special spatio-temporal environmental changes encountered in the process of open-cast mining,taking Huolinhe No.1 Open-cast Mine as the research object,this paper studied its typical problems in river reconstruction and cultural relics protection.The study focused on eight key core aspects,including the design optimization of the spatial layout of the mining area,the accurate estimation of the mineral resources reserves,the scientific theoretical demonstration of the mining scale,the fine analysis and calculation of the stripping ratio,the comprehensive consideration of the transport distance and efficiency,the accurate judgment of the best time for the implementation of the transformation,the analysis and evaluation of the slope stability,and the overall planning of the production system.The results show that the extracted problem-solving strategies and scheme system for special mining conditions can not only provide specific and practical guidance for Huolinhe No.1 Open-cast Mine,but also serve as a valuable reference and practical reference for other open-cast mine enterprises facing similar challenges.

Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units:legislative,economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai

Since the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century,the urban development of many Chinese cities,and notably of Shanghai,has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural practices.In Shanghai,extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port era.Many of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city,creating civic tension around demolition,conservation and the redevelopment of colonial heritage.Examining the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession,the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System(CRPS),and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project,this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities:legislative time,economic time and citizen time.The paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage conservation.Historic communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday life.They underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms,economic interests and the public’s demands.

可持续性纸质文物保存环境温湿度调控策略研究

本研究分析了华北平原12间恒温恒湿库房和45间温湿度轻控制库房的历史温湿度,并计算了纸质文物在上述历史温湿度下保存的预期寿命和机械损伤风险。结果表明,恒温恒湿控制时,允许保存温度在推荐范围内随外界气候变化存在一定的季节波动,能够在不影响纸质文物安全的情况下,提高温湿度控制的能源经济性和保存环境的温湿度稳定性。在华北平原,大部分时段轻控制温湿度能保证纸质文物安全。凉爽/干燥季节低温保存,当大气湿度升高致保存湿度接近允许上限时,提高温度设定值,当保存温度达到允许上限后再同时控制温湿度,是全年或季节性凉爽/干燥地区的一种可持续性纸质文物保存温湿度调控策略。

X射线衍射技术在纸张、纸质文物分析和保护研究中的应用

X射线衍射(XRD)技术作为一种研究物质微观结构的重要手段,在纸张、纸质文物分析和保护研究中有重要的应用,其应用范围不断得到拓展。在纸张、纸质文物分析和保护研究中使用XRD可充分体现其检测时使用所具有的样品用量少、操作简单可行、在检测过程中不会损伤和污染样品等优点。本文对XRD在纸张纤维、填料、涂料、表面颜料检测及其在造纸、纸张鉴定、文物研究与保护等领域中的应用进行了分类介绍。虽然XRD对分析纸张结构信息具有重要作用,适用于样品量少且珍贵的纸张、纸质文物,但该技术在测试范围、多组分物质复合衍射图分析、填料成分细致化鉴别等方面还存在局限,可结合其他方法使用,以便得到被检测物更全面、准确的信息。

修法背景下文物合理利用制度的完善路径

完善文物合理利用制度是推进文物保护、实现文物经济效益、满足社会精神文化需要的时代要求。但实践中文物利用“不够”与“不当”等弱化文物价值实现与损害文物文化功能发挥的情况时有发生,反映出现行《中华人民共和国文物保护法》及其修订草案中文物合理利用制度不清晰、主体力量单一、文物商业利用缺乏监管等问题。对此,应当在《中华人民共和国文物保护法》中增设指引性规则明确合理利用的范围、引导社会力量参与文物合理利用、加强监管、规范文物商业经营行为,以期完善文物合理利用制度,营造文物保护与利用的良好氛围。

山西省文化遗产时空演化特征及影响因素研究——以文物保护单位为例

文物保护单位是文化遗产的物质载体,研究文物保护单位的时空分布特征及其成因对于文化遗产的保护和传承意义重大。运用ArcGIS地理空间分析方法对山西省1 518处文物保护单位进行分析,归纳其时空分布规律。研究表明:(1)各时期文物保护单位数量呈现出前中期数量较少,中后期数量激增的趋势,宋元明清时期数量最多,且各时期的文物保护单位类型分布具有很强的时代性;(2)各时期文物保护单位分布重心的空间移动距离逐渐减小,重心移动方向呈现出先向北、再向南、再向北移动的趋势;(3)文物保护单位总体来看呈现出密集区、较密集区和较稀疏区的分布格局,各时期均呈现集聚分布的状态,且不同历史时期的分布状态各不相同;(4)运用地理探测器的分析方法可知历史文化与政治、河流水系、交通道路、坡度4个因素深刻影响着文物保护单位的产生、类型、数量和时空分布格局。最后,从保护策略、学科交叉、缓冲带和数据库的构建、资源联动等方面对文物保护单位的保护和利用提出了对策。

清宫廷清水连四纸浅探

清宫廷档案中对清水连四纸多有记载,但现有研究深度尚显不足。本研究从清宫廷档案切入,结合实物样品,对清水连四纸的基本信息和实物形态进行了阐述。清水连四纸产自清代江南省,色泽洁白,薄细滑润,价格在各类官商采办纸品内属中等水平,且主要用途为裱作、匣作、敬神、修书等。旻宁御笔并蒂含芳文物样品的托纸与覆背纸纤维的显微分析显示二者成分均为毛竹。

文物民事公益诉讼的理论构成与制度构造

目前我国司法实践中已经出现通过环境公益诉讼保护文物的情况,由于文物所承载的社会公共利益具有特殊性,其在类型、性质与内容上均不同于环境社会公共利益,在环境公益诉讼中受到侵害的文物仍然难以获得全面救济。建议修改《文物保护法》,明确规定对破坏文物致使社会公共利益受到损害的行为可以提起公益诉讼,并且将行政机关、社会组织规定为第一顺位的原告,将检察机关规定为第二顺位的起诉人。

江西省文化遗产时空格局——以文物保护单位为例

通过多维地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析的方法,将江西省省级以上文物保护单位与地形地貌、水系河流等数据结合,分析各时期空间分布特征及相关影响因素的耦合关系。研究表明,文物保护单位在空间分布上呈现集聚状态;文物保护单位在不同时期空间分布密度有差异,整体从赣北鄱阳湖平原地区向全省扩散;在地形地貌等因素影响下,大部分文物保护单位位于海拔0~200 m的平原地区和200~500 m的丘陵地区,2°~10°的坡度范围以及沿水系河流以及交通网络分布。该研究可对今后江西省文化遗产及遗产廊道的空间整合与协调发展等提供合理依据。

基于文物保护的光电信息检测技术课程CIPP评价

教学是高等教育高质量发展的原点,而科学有效的教学评价则是教学活动发展的风向标与指挥棒。结合云冈石窟病害检/监测的刚性需求与光电信息科学与工程专业学生实践能力培养的渴求,构建了光电信息检测技术课程的CIPP评价模式,从课程目标、内容(结构)、教学方法和手段、教学成效等进行全方位评价,并阐述了运用策略,以期达到激发学生积极性、优化教学效果的目的,并进一步加强光电信息科学与工程专业学生应用创新能力的培养。

就业导向下文物保护技术专业本科层次课程体系改革——以山西大同大学为例

课程建设是专业建设的基础,以就业为导向,以山西大同大学为视角,文物保护技术专业的课程建设存在专业定位不准确、专业课程及实践课程种类少、课时数少、缺乏对学生学术意识的培养等一系列问题。该专业的课程体系改革,应当对照相关高校,结合实际,找准专业定位,增加专业核心课程的时数;结合地方文物保护的特点,开设专业方向课,并将实践课与之对应,加大实践课比例;以课程为抓手,培养学生的学术意识,以推进课程建设和专业建设。

利益相关者视角下未定级不可移动文物保护机制研究——以将乐县南门头片区为例

近年来,我国对不可移动文物的保护力度逐渐加大,但是数量众多的未定级不可移动文物由于资金缺口较大、产权复杂等问题的存在,阻碍了其保护过程。文章以将乐县南门头片区存在的15处未定级不可移动文物为例,并基于利益相关者视角,分析未定级不可移动文物的保护与发展利用阶段各利益主体及利益群体之间的利益共识和利益冲突,探讨如何在保护阶段以及发展利用阶段平衡多方利益主体的利益,并提出协调机制。文章认为,资金问题是困扰未定级不可移动文物保护与发展利用的关键,而现阶段社会推行的“文化出行旅游”是探索解决该问题的重要契机。在旅游带动的背景下,打通保护与发展利用之间的资金壁垒,进而实现未定级不可移动文物的活化利用,有助于实现未定级不可移动文物的保护。