We can find many cases in the scientific literature,where the leader(CEO)of a political or business organisation is being declared a"hero"or"damned"in the"court of history"upon his/her ac...We can find many cases in the scientific literature,where the leader(CEO)of a political or business organisation is being declared a"hero"or"damned"in the"court of history"upon his/her action(s).The case study presented here analyses a politician who was active in the first half of the 20th century,examining if his activity was ended with success or failure for the state he led.The analysis focuses only on the decisions taken in the two world wars that were relevant for the'survival'of the organization he led.I examine his decisions that were made in a non'business-as-usual'situation from the view if they helped or threatened the survival of the state he led in the short and long term.In a particular situation,the decision has to be taken by the leader there and then,and it may not be possible to change or improve the decision later on.展开更多
The jurisprudential path which led to the legal qualification of Scientology as a religion, according to Italian law was very interesting. The problem concerned the lack of definition of religion and the fact that rec...The jurisprudential path which led to the legal qualification of Scientology as a religion, according to Italian law was very interesting. The problem concerned the lack of definition of religion and the fact that recognition as a confession gives a religious denomination several benefits such as political taxation. Furthermore, the absence of recognition had led to the possibility of considering normal activities of worship as criminal offenses： i.e. as criminal conspiracy, abuse of the disabled etc. The so-called ＂long process of Milan＂, which lasted 20 years, however, officially recognized the characteristics of the religious denomination of Scientology. In this sense, the ＂Scientology case＂ can be considered a paradigm for a real understanding of the rights that our legal system recognizes in regards to religious movements and, in particular, the right of religious freedom and the principle of ＂laicita＂.展开更多
文摘We can find many cases in the scientific literature,where the leader(CEO)of a political or business organisation is being declared a"hero"or"damned"in the"court of history"upon his/her action(s).The case study presented here analyses a politician who was active in the first half of the 20th century,examining if his activity was ended with success or failure for the state he led.The analysis focuses only on the decisions taken in the two world wars that were relevant for the'survival'of the organization he led.I examine his decisions that were made in a non'business-as-usual'situation from the view if they helped or threatened the survival of the state he led in the short and long term.In a particular situation,the decision has to be taken by the leader there and then,and it may not be possible to change or improve the decision later on.
文摘The jurisprudential path which led to the legal qualification of Scientology as a religion, according to Italian law was very interesting. The problem concerned the lack of definition of religion and the fact that recognition as a confession gives a religious denomination several benefits such as political taxation. Furthermore, the absence of recognition had led to the possibility of considering normal activities of worship as criminal offenses： i.e. as criminal conspiracy, abuse of the disabled etc. The so-called ＂long process of Milan＂, which lasted 20 years, however, officially recognized the characteristics of the religious denomination of Scientology. In this sense, the ＂Scientology case＂ can be considered a paradigm for a real understanding of the rights that our legal system recognizes in regards to religious movements and, in particular, the right of religious freedom and the principle of ＂laicita＂.
