An evaluation of ureteral diameter ratio and vesicoureteral reflux index in the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux

Objective:Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR)index is a simple,validated tool that reliably predicts significant improvement and spontaneous resolution of primary reflux in children.The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the ureter diameter ratio(UDR)and VUR index(VURx)of patients treated with endoscopic injection(EI)and ureteroneocystostomy(UNC)methods in the pediatric age group due to primary VUR.Methods:Patients under the age of 18 years old who underwent EI and UNC with the diagnosis of primary VUR between January 2011 and September 2021 were determined as the participants.The UDR was assessed using voiding cystourethrography,and the VURx score was determined prior to treatment based on hospital records included in the study.Results:A total of 255 patients,60(23.5%)boys and 195(76.5%)girls,with a mean age of 76.5(range 13.0e204.0)months,were included in the study.EI was applied to 130(51.0%)patients and UNC was applied to 125(49.0%)patients due to primary VUR.The optimum cut-off for the distal UDR was obtained as 0.17 with sensitivity and specificity of 73.0%and 63.0%,respectively.The positive and negative predictive values were 66.0%and 70.0%,respectively.Conclusion:When the UDR and VURx score are evaluated together for the surgical treatment of primary VUR in the pediatric age group,it is thought that it may be useful in predicting the clinical course of the disease and evaluating surgical treatment options.

Added value of ratio of cross diameters of the appendix in ultrasound diagnosis of acute appendicitis

BACKGROUND The maximum outer diameter(MOD)of the appendix is an essential parameter for diagnosing acute appendicitis,but there is space for improvement in ultrasound(US)diagnostic performance.AIM To investigate whether combining the ratio of the cross diameters(RATIO)of the appendix with MOD of the appendix can enhance the diagnostic performance of acute appendicitis.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and medical records of 233 patients with acute appendicitis and 112 patients with a normal appendix were reviewed.The MOD and RATIO of the appendix were calculated and tested for their diagnostic performance of acute appendicitis,both individually and in combination.RESULTS The RATIO for a normal appendix was 1.32±0.16,while for acute appendicitis it was 1.09±0.07.The cut-off value for RATIO was determined to be≤1.18.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)for diagnosing acute appendicitis using RATIO≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm was 0.870 and 0.652,respectively.There was a significant difference in AUC between RATIO≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm(P<0.0001).When comparing the combination of RATIO≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm with MOD>6 mm alone,the combination showed increased specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and AUC.However,the sensitivity and negative predictive value decreased.CONCLUSION Combining RATIO of the appendix≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm can significantly improve the specificity,PPV,and AUC in the US diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Stress-strain-acoustic responses in failure process of coal rock with different height to diameter ratios under uniaxial compression

Residual coal pillars play an important role in mining the adjacent coal seam safely,managing the gobs and maintaining the stability of abandoned coal mines.The height to diameter ratio(H/D)affects the stability of residual coal pillars.In this study,uniaxial compressive tests of coal specimens with five H/D(2.0,1.5,1.0,0.8 and 0.6)were performed,and the stress,strain and acoustic emission(AE)were monitored.Results show that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and peak strain increase with H/D decreasing.An empirical equation is proposed to calculate the UCS based on the H/D.The AE activities during coal failure process can be separated into four periods.The span of quiet period and rapid decline period shorten with H/D decreasing.The smaller the H/D is,the more complicated the failure characteristics of coal will be.The failure form of coal with H/D of 2.0,1.5,and 1.0 is primarily shear failure,while splitting failure along the axial direction is the mainly mode when H/D is 0.8 or 0.6.The initiation,expansion,aggregation and connection of micro-cracks can be reflected by the real-time spatial evolution of AE event points.

Research on the squeeze cast technology of the castings with large ratio of height to thickness

The squeeze cast technology is only applicable, at present, to the castings with a ratio of height to thickness less than 3.5. Researching the squeeze cast technology for castings with a large ratio of height to thickness will broaden the applicable range of the advanced casting technology. This paper describes a study of the temperature distribution during solidification for castings with a ratio of height to thickness of 7 by the methods of experiment and computer simulation. The shrinkage porosity distribution in the castings and the mechanical properties of the castings were also researched. The experimental and simulated results show that increasing squeeze force, or enhancing mold temperature, cannot reduce the shrinkage porosities in the castings. When castings solidify in a sequential manner and the squeeze force effectively acts on the surface of the liquid metal, the shrinkage porosities in the castings are eliminated and mechanical properties are clearly improved.

Change of the mode of failure by interface friction and width-to-height ratio of coal specimens

Bumps in coal mines have been recognized as a major hazard for many years. These sudden and violent failures around mine openings have compromised safety, ventilation and access to mine workings.Previous studies showed that the violence of coal specimen failure depends on both the interface friction and width-to-height（W/H） ratio of coal specimen. The mode of failure for a uniaxially loaded coal specimen or a coal pillar is a combination of both shear failure along the interface and compressive failure in the coal. The shear failure along the interface triggered the compressive failure in coal. The compressive failure of a coal specimen or a coal pillar can be controlled by changing its W/H ratio. As the W/H ratio increases, the ultimate strength increases. Hence, with a proper combination of interface friction and the W/H ratio of pillar or coal specimen, the mode of failure will change from sudden violent failure which is brittle failure to non-violent failure which is ductile failure. The main objective of this paper is to determine at what W/H ratio and interface friction the mode of failure changes from violent to non-violent. In this research, coal specimens of W/H ratio ranging from 1 to 10 were uniaxially tested under two interface frictions of 0.1 and 0.25, and the results are presented and discussed.

Prognostic value of the echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background Previous studies have shown that an echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio(RV/LV ratio)≥0.9 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. The prognostic value of the RV/LV ratio in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(IPAH) is still unknown. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 95 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPAH and 16 of them were reevaluated by echocardiography at 3-12 months following targeted therapy.Follow-up data were obtained by telephone interviews and review of the patients’ records.Results The RV/LV ratio was in parallel with the severity of World Health Orgnization(WHO) functional class and mean right atrial pressure.The RV/LV ratio was positively correlated with total pulmonary resistance(P P P 2 saturation(P P = 0.001),weight and absence of targeted therapy were independent predictors of death.No significant changes in the RV/LV ratio before and after targeted therapy were observed. A baseline RV/LV ratio≥0.84 or a further increase in the RV/LV ratio during targeted therapy indicated a poor prognosis. Conclusions The RV/LV ratio helps to assess the severity of IPAH and serves as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with IPAH.

Finite element analysis on the collapse of infill walls with holes and different length-to-height ratios

Wenchuan earthquake damage survey displayed the major structures of buildings suffered only small damages,but it was common that infill walls suffered heavy damages or even collapse. To study the failure forms and collapse mechanism of infill walls in an earthquake,the influence of opening or length-to-height ratio on shake-resisting capability of filling walls was analyzed,and measures to improve the anti-collapse ability of infill walls were put forwaed. The numerical simulations on collapse process in earthquake were carried out by using ABAQUS software. We used 5 single story and single span models. It is revealed that the rigidity and compressive capacity of infill walls are reduced because of the infill walls with holes and the increases of length-to-height ratios. Adding constructional columns and horizontal beams can ensure structural integrity and improve the anti-collapse ability of the wall.

Influence of Flap Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Wind-Turbine Airfoil

A numerical method has been used to analyze the flow field related to a NACA 0015 airfoil with and without a flap and assess the influence of the flap height and angle on the surface pressure coefficient,lift coefficient,and drag coefficient.The numerical results demonstrate that the flap can effectively improve the lift coefficient of the airfoil;however,at small attack angles,its influence is significantly reduced.When the angle of attack exceeds the critical stall angle and the flap height is 1.5%of the chord length,the influence of the flap becomes very evident.As the flap height increases,the starting point of the separation vortex gradually moves forward and generates a larger wake vortex.Optimal aerodynamic characteristics are obtained for 1.5%(of the chord length)flap height and a 45°flap angle;in this case,the separation vortex is effectively reduced.

Analysis on the Growth Condition of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide good basic research data for Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in southern Anhui,so as to improve local ecological,economic and social benefits.[Methods]A 22-year-old near-mature C.lanceolata plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,Xiuning County,Huangshan City,Anhui Province was investigated and analyzed by sample plot survey.[Results]The average DBH value of the C.lanceolata plantation at the lower slope was the largest,24.7%and 19.2%higher than those at the upper and middle slopes,respectively.The average single plant wood volume at the lower slope was 47.6%and 49.1%higher than those in the upper and middle slopes,respectively.However,the average tree heights at various slope positions showed little difference.Meanwhile,all the indexes showed the phenomenon of semi-shady slope>sunny slope>shady slope under different slope directions.Among them,the effect of slope position on DBH was extremely significant,but the effect of slope direction on DBH was not significant,and slope position,slope direction and the interaction of slope direction and slope position had no significant effects on the tree height of the C.lanceolata plantation.In addition,slope direction and slope position had extremely significant effects on single plant wood volume.From the overall growth situation of the C.lanceolata plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,the slope position factor had greater effects on various indexes of forest growth than the slope direction factor,mainly manifested in that the lower slope was better than the middle slope,and the middle slope position was better than the upper slope,while although slope direction had some effect on the growth of the C.lanceolata plantation,the influence degree was not as significant as that of slope position.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference for the adjustment and optimization,development and renewal of C.lanceolata plantation structure in the later period in this area,as well as some data support for other theoretical research on economic forests.

Response of photosynthesis,growth,and acorn mass of pedunculate oak to diff erent levels of nitrogen in wet and dry growing seasons

The objective was to examine the effects of optimal leaf nitrogen levels>2.0%and suboptimal levels<2.0%,nitrogen nutrition on net photo synthetic rate,stem diameter increment,height growth increment and acorn mass of pedunculate oak during 2010 in the absence of drought stress and during 2011 under the impact of moderate drought stress.According to the results,moderate drought stress significantly reduced net photo synthetic rate,stem diameter increment and height growth increment,while acorn mass was not affected.Suboptimal nitrogen nutrition significantly reduced the net photo synthetic rate and stem diameter increment only in the wet year,acorn mass in both wet and dry years,while height growth increment was not significantly reduced by suboptimal nitrogen nutrition in either year.The results indicate that optimal nitrogen levels can stimulate photo synthetic rate and stem diameter increment of pedunculate oak only in the absence of moderate drought stress.Moreover,the results show that moderate drought stress is a more dominant stressor for photosynthesis and growth of pedunculate oak than suboptimal nitrogen nutrition,while for acorn development,it is the more dominant stressor.

Dynamics and Wheel's Slip Ratio of a Wheel-legged Robot in Wheeled Motion Considering the Change of Height

The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot （WMR） are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.

Multi-objective Optimization of a Two-Stage Helical Gearbox to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Height

The goal of this research is to look at multi-target optimization of a two-stage helical gearbox in order to determine the best key design elements for reducing gearbox height and enhancing gearbox efficiency.To do this,the method known as Taguchi and GRA(Grey Relation Analysis)were used in two stages to address the problem.The single-objective optimization problem was addressed first to close the gap between variable levels,and then the multi-objective optimization problem was solved to determine the best primary design variables.The first and second stage CWFWs(Coefficients of Wheel Face Width),ACS(Permissible Contact Stresses),and first stage gear ratio were also calculated.The study’s findings were utilized to identify the best values for five critical design aspects of a two-stage helical gearbox.

Stand structure and height-diameter relationship of a degraded Populus euphratica forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China

Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a dominant tree species along the Tarim River watershed, plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of regional ecology, economy and society. However, as the result of climate changes and human activities, the natural riparian ecosystems within the whole river basin were degraded enormously, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the riparian forests were either highly degraded or dead. In this study, we presented one of the main criteria for the assessment of vitality of P. euphrafica forests by estimating the defoliation level, and analyzed forest structure and determined the height-diameter （height means the height of a tree and diameter means the diameter at breast height （DBH） of a tree） relationship of trees in different vitality classes （i.e. healthy, good, medium, senesced, dying, dead and fallen）. Trees classified as healthy and good ac- counted for approximately 40% of all sample trees, while slightly and highly degraded trees took up nearly 60% of total sample trees. The values of TH （tree height） and DBH ranged from 0-19 m and 0-125 cm, respectively. Trees more than 15 m in TH and 60 cm in DBH appeared sporadically. Trees in different vitality classes had different distribution patterns. Healthy trees were mainly composed more of relatively younger trees than of degraded tress. The height-diameter relationships differed greatly among tress in different vitality classes, with the coefficients ranging from 0.1653 to 0.6942. Correlation coefficients of TH and DBH in healthy and good trees were higher than those in trees of other vitality classes. The correlation between TH and DBH decreased with the decline of tree vitality. Our results suggested that it might be able to differentiate degraded P. euphratica trees from healthy trees by determining the height-diameter correlation coefficient, and the coefficient would be a new parameter for detecting degradation and assessing sustainable management of floodplain forests in arid regions. In addition, tree vitality should be taken into account to make an accurate height-diameter model for tree height prediction.

Incorporating shape constraints in generalized additive modelling of the height-diameter relationship for Norway spruce

Background： Measurements of tree heights and diameters are essential in forest assessment and modelling. Tree heights are used for estimating timber volume, site index and other important variables related to forest growth and yield, succession and carbon budget models. However, the diameter at breast height （dbh） can be more accurately obtained and at lower cost, than total tree height. Hence, generalized height-diameter （h-d） models that predict tree height from dbh, age and other covariates are needed. For a more flexible but biologically plausible estimation of covariate effects we use shape constrained generalized additive models as an extension of existing h-d model approaches. We use causal site parameters such as index of aridity to enhance the generality and causality of the models and to enable predictions under projected changeable climatic conditions. Methods： We develop unconstrained generalized additive models （GAM） and shape constrained generalized additive models （SCAM） for investigating the possible effects of tree-specific parameters such as tree age, relative diameter at breast height, and site-specific parameters such as index of aridity and sum of daily mean temperature during vegetation period, on the h-d relationship of forests in Lower Saxony, Germany. Results： Some of the derived effects, e.g. effects of age, index of aridity and sum of daily mean temperature have significantly non-linear pattern. The need for using SCAM results from the fact that some of the model effects show partially implausible patterns especially at the boundaries of data ranges. The derived model predicts monotonically increasing levels of tree height with increasing age and temperature sum and decreasing aridity and social rank of a tree within a stand, The definition of constraints leads only to marginal or minor decline in the model statistics like AIC An observed structured spatial trend in tree height is modelled via 2-dimensional surface fitting. Conclusions： We demonstrate that the SCAM approach allows optimal regression modelling flexibility similar to the standard GAM but with the additional possibility of defining specific constraints for the model effects. The longitudinal character of the model allows for tree height imputation for the current status of forests but also for future tree height prediction.

Modeling of the height–diameter relationship using an allometric equation model:a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis

Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.

Survivorship, attained diameter, height and volume of three Paulownia species after 9 years in the southern Appalachians, USA

Little is known of the tree and stand dynamics of varied species of planted Paulownia left unmanaged until harvest in the southeastern United States.We sought to remedy this lack of information needed by land managers to make informed decisions by investigating diff erences in survivorship,attained diameter breast height(DBH),diameter at ground level,total height,tree volume and standlevel volume yields of planted P.elongata,P.fortunei,and P.tomentosa in the cool-moist environment of the southern Appalachian Mountains.After 9 years,combined-species survivorship was only 27.3%.Low survivorship was likely related to several inclement weather events.P.fortunei was signifi cantly smaller in DBH and total height.Three combined-species stem(bole)volume models were developed as functions of(1)DBH squared,(2)the product DBH squared and total height,and(3)the product diameter ground line squared and total height.Mean total volume production of unmanaged stands was greatest for P.elongata and P.fortunei 4 years after planting;by the 9th year,total volume of P.elongata was greater than the other two species.Results of our study provide managers information on productivity of three species of Paulownia that can be used for estimating plantation yields.

Height-Diameter Relationship of Some Forest Species Exploited for Wood in the Natural Tropical Forest of the Congo Basin

To enrich knowledge on the growth dynamics of commercial forest species in the Congo Basin, a study was conducted in Cameroon, within a community forest in savannah forest transition zone (Zone 1) and within FMU 10 052 in dense semi-deciduous humid forest (Zone 2). It aimed to obtain, in 8 species, the height (H) of the tree from its diameter (D) more accessible: Entandophragma cylindricum (Meliacea), Eribroma oblongum, Sterculia rhinopetala et Triplochiton scleroxylon (Malvaceae);Erythrophleum suaveolens et Piptadeniastrum africanum (Fabaceae), Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) et Terminalia superba (Combretaceae). The destructive method was used. After felling and flushing out a tree, the dendrometric parameters were measured and/or calculated. In Zone 1, 6 species including T. scleroxylon were calibrated using 30 trees of each. In Zone 2, 45 trees of E. cylindricum, 99 of E. suaveolens and 82 of T. scleroxylon constituted the sample. At the 5% threshold (95% confidence interval), the height-diameter relationship is a linear model. In all species, the height of a tree is predicted by measuring its diameter through linear regression. In Zone 1 regression equation is: H(m) = 28.13 + 19.09 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 12.35 + 30.38 * D(m) for S. rhinopetala;H(m) = 23.09 + 26.42 * D(m) for E. oblongum;H(m) = 14.86 + 20.92 * D(m) for P. africanum;H(m) = 14.98 + 24.78 * D(m) for T. superba and H(m) = 1.55 + 32.37 * D(m) for M. excelsa. In Zone 2, the relationship is: H(m) = 27.40 + 14.21 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 7.79 + 20.18 * D(m) for E. cylindricum and H(m) = 20.08 + 9.74 * D(m) for E. suaveolens (probability associated with F < 0.0001). The influence of site parameters (biotic and abiotic) on the height-diameter relationship should be more studied in multilayers forests specifically in the Congo Basin.

A new strategy for ionospheric remote sensing using the 130.4/135.6 nm airglow intensity ratios

We demonstrate here that global-scale determination of a key ionospheric parameter,the peak height of the F_(2)region(h_(m)F_(2)),can be obtained by making a simple ratio measurement of the atomic oxygen 130.4 and 135.6 nm emissions in the far-ultraviolet nightglow with a nadir-viewing system such as a pair of photometers suitable for flight on a CubeSat.We further demonstrate that measurements from an altitude that is within the typical range of nighttime h_(m)F_(2)250−450 km can provide the ratios that are needed for retrieval of the h_(m)F_(2).Our study is conducted mostly through numerical simulations by using radiative transfer models of the two emissions coupled with empirical models of the atmosphere and ionosphere.Modeling results show that the relationship between the h_(m)F_(2)and the intensity ratio is sensitive to the altitude from which the emissions are observed,primarily because of the distinctly different degrees of resonant scattering of the two emissions in the atmosphere.A roughly quadratic relationship can be established for observations from an orbit of~400 km,which enables h_(m)F_(2)retrieval.Parametric analysis indicates that the relationship can be affected by the ambient atmospheric conditions through resonant scattering and O2 absorption.For typical nighttime conditions with h_(m)F_(2)250−450 km,retrieval of the h_(m)F_(2)from synthetic observations shows that the typical errors are only a few kilometers(up to~20 km),depending on the accuracy of the ambient conditions predicted by the empirical models.Our findings pave the way for use of the 130.4/135.6 nm intensity ratios for global-scale monitoring of the nighttime ionosphere at mid to low latitudes.

Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to predict esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis

AIM: To validate whether the platelet count/spleen size ratio can be used to predict the presence of esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

Reconstructing the size of individual trees using log data from cut-to-length harvesters in Pinus radiata plantations: a case study in NSW, Australia

With their widespread utilization, cut-to-length harvesters have become a major source of ‘‘big data’’ for forest management as they constantly capture, and provide a daily flow of, information on log production and assortment over large operational areas. Harvester data afford the calculation of the total log length between the stump and the last cut but not the total height of trees. They also contain the length and end diameters of individual logs but not always the diameter at breast height overbark（DBHOB） of harvested stems largely because of time lapse, operating and processing issues and other system deficiencies. Even when DBHOB is extracted from harvester data, errors and/or bias of the machine measurements due to the variation in the stump height of harvested stems from that specified for the harvester head prior to harvesting and diameter measurement errors may need to be corrected. This study developed（1） a system of equations for estimating DBHOB of trees from diameter overbark（DOB） measured by a harvester head at any height up to 3 m above ground level and（2） an equation to predict the total height of harvested stems in P. radiata plantations from harvester data. To generate the data required for this purpose, cut-to-length simulations of more than 3000 trees with detailed taper measurements were carried out in the computer using the cutting patterns extracted from the harvester data and stump height survey data from clearfall operations. The equation predicted total tree height from DBHOB, total log length and the small end diameter of the top log. Prediction accuracy for total tree height was evaluated both globally over the entire data space and locally within partitioned subspaces through benchmarking statistics. These statistics were better than that of the conventional height-diameter equations for P. radiata found in the literature, even when they incorporated stand age and the average height and diameter of dominant trees in the stand as predictors. So this equation when used with harvester data would outperform the conventional equations in tree height prediction. Tree and stand reconstructions of the harvested forest is the necessary first step to provide the essential link of harvester data to conventional inventory, remote sensing imagery and Li DAR data. The equations developed in this study will provide such a linkage for the most effective combined use of harvester data in predicting the attributes of individual trees, stands and forests, and product recovery for the management and planning of P. radiata plantations in New South Wales, Australia.