Use of indices that quantify the seismic residual capacity of buildings damaged in earthquakes is one way to draw judgements on the building’s safety and possibility of future use.In Japanese damage assessment guidel...Use of indices that quantify the seismic residual capacity of buildings damaged in earthquakes is one way to draw judgements on the building’s safety and possibility of future use.In Japanese damage assessment guidelines,several approximate calculation methods exist to evaluate the residual capacity of buildings based on visually observed damage and simplifying assumptions on the nature of the building’s response mechanism and member capacities.While these methods provide a useful residual capacity ratio that enables a‘relative’comparison be-tween buildings,the exact relationship to a physically meaningful residual capacity is unclear.The aim of this study is to benchmark the‘approximations’of residual capacity.To do so,a shake-table test was conducted on a 14 scale 4-storey RC structure and a residual capacity evaluation was undertaken based on observed damage states.With the help of a numerical model,a benchmark residual capacity at each of the damage states is determined and compared to the approximate residual capacity calculation results via guidelines.It was found that approx-imate methods are generally accurate prior to yield but can become overly conservative post-yield.Simplifying assumptions of equal member deformation capacity used in the residual capacity ratio calculation was found to be suitable given constraints of rapid field evaluations.展开更多
In mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs (pentobarbital sodium,30mg/kg) with acute lung injury induced by intravenous infusion of oleic acid(OA),changes in airflow,lung volume,and tracheal (Pao),transpulmonary (Pt...In mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs (pentobarbital sodium,30mg/kg) with acute lung injury induced by intravenous infusion of oleic acid(OA),changes in airflow,lung volume,and tracheal (Pao),transpulmonary (Ptp)and esophageal (Pes) pressures were measured.Changes in lung mechanics werestudied before and after OA infusion at intervals,during an observation periodlasting 4h,using curve-fitting method,interrupter technique and pressure-volume(PV) loops measurement.The main findings are listed as follows:(1)Complianceand functional residual capacity (FRC) showed a marked decrease,while Pao andPtp showed a marked increase within 2h after OA.(2) Airflow resistance atexpiratory phase estimated by the curve-fitting method showed a marked increaseafter OA.(3)PV loops of the lungs or total respiratory system showed similarchanges 4h after OA,characterized by the presence of an inflexion point at theinflation limb,increased hysteresis and rightward and downward shift of the loop.It is suggested that use of the curve-fitting method in combination with the PVloop for the total respiratory system would be more appropriate for monitoringlung mechanics during mechanical ventilatory support of ARDS patients.展开更多
This paper presents the evaluation of the “capacity to the total energy consumption per bit ratio” of multiple antennas systems with distributed fashion. We propose an adequate geometric channel modeling for the wir...This paper presents the evaluation of the “capacity to the total energy consumption per bit ratio” of multiple antennas systems with distributed fashion. We propose an adequate geometric channel modeling for the wireless communication system which operates in indoor propagation environment with scatterers. The channel model is derived in function of both the line of sight (LOS) and the non line of sight (NLOS) components. The aim of this paper is to study the limits in the gain concerning the capacity to the total energy consumption ratio when additional antennas are implemented in the communication system. To do so, we have evaluated by simulations both the capacity and the total energy consumption per bit. Then, we have determined the capacity to the total energy consumption ratio. Finally, the computational capacity to the total energy ratio is obtained for different system configurations. We have shown that the gain in capacity increases with the number of antennas but it stills be limited by the total energy consumption. The limits for increasing the number of transmit antennas are determined in function of the separation distances between the transmitter and the receiver sides of the communication system. Optimal power allocation strategy via water-filling algorithm has been carried out for evaluating the capacity to energy ratio. We find by simulation that optimal power allocation brings a gain in the addressed metric reaching a level of about 1.7 at transmit signal to noise ratio of 8 dB if comparing to the case when transmit energy is equally split among transmit antennas.展开更多
基金funded by Obayashi Corporation and the Consortium for Socio-functional Continuity Tech-nology(http://www.softech.titech.ac.jp/,Project ID:JPMJOP1723 un-der Japan Science and Technology Agency).
文摘Use of indices that quantify the seismic residual capacity of buildings damaged in earthquakes is one way to draw judgements on the building’s safety and possibility of future use.In Japanese damage assessment guidelines,several approximate calculation methods exist to evaluate the residual capacity of buildings based on visually observed damage and simplifying assumptions on the nature of the building’s response mechanism and member capacities.While these methods provide a useful residual capacity ratio that enables a‘relative’comparison be-tween buildings,the exact relationship to a physically meaningful residual capacity is unclear.The aim of this study is to benchmark the‘approximations’of residual capacity.To do so,a shake-table test was conducted on a 14 scale 4-storey RC structure and a residual capacity evaluation was undertaken based on observed damage states.With the help of a numerical model,a benchmark residual capacity at each of the damage states is determined and compared to the approximate residual capacity calculation results via guidelines.It was found that approx-imate methods are generally accurate prior to yield but can become overly conservative post-yield.Simplifying assumptions of equal member deformation capacity used in the residual capacity ratio calculation was found to be suitable given constraints of rapid field evaluations.
文摘In mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs (pentobarbital sodium,30mg/kg) with acute lung injury induced by intravenous infusion of oleic acid(OA),changes in airflow,lung volume,and tracheal (Pao),transpulmonary (Ptp)and esophageal (Pes) pressures were measured.Changes in lung mechanics werestudied before and after OA infusion at intervals,during an observation periodlasting 4h,using curve-fitting method,interrupter technique and pressure-volume(PV) loops measurement.The main findings are listed as follows:(1)Complianceand functional residual capacity (FRC) showed a marked decrease,while Pao andPtp showed a marked increase within 2h after OA.(2) Airflow resistance atexpiratory phase estimated by the curve-fitting method showed a marked increaseafter OA.(3)PV loops of the lungs or total respiratory system showed similarchanges 4h after OA,characterized by the presence of an inflexion point at theinflation limb,increased hysteresis and rightward and downward shift of the loop.It is suggested that use of the curve-fitting method in combination with the PVloop for the total respiratory system would be more appropriate for monitoringlung mechanics during mechanical ventilatory support of ARDS patients.
文摘This paper presents the evaluation of the “capacity to the total energy consumption per bit ratio” of multiple antennas systems with distributed fashion. We propose an adequate geometric channel modeling for the wireless communication system which operates in indoor propagation environment with scatterers. The channel model is derived in function of both the line of sight (LOS) and the non line of sight (NLOS) components. The aim of this paper is to study the limits in the gain concerning the capacity to the total energy consumption ratio when additional antennas are implemented in the communication system. To do so, we have evaluated by simulations both the capacity and the total energy consumption per bit. Then, we have determined the capacity to the total energy consumption ratio. Finally, the computational capacity to the total energy ratio is obtained for different system configurations. We have shown that the gain in capacity increases with the number of antennas but it stills be limited by the total energy consumption. The limits for increasing the number of transmit antennas are determined in function of the separation distances between the transmitter and the receiver sides of the communication system. Optimal power allocation strategy via water-filling algorithm has been carried out for evaluating the capacity to energy ratio. We find by simulation that optimal power allocation brings a gain in the addressed metric reaching a level of about 1.7 at transmit signal to noise ratio of 8 dB if comparing to the case when transmit energy is equally split among transmit antennas.
