Transformer real-time reliability model based on operating conditions

Operational reliability evaluation theory reflects real-time reliability level of power system. The component failure rate varies with operating conditions. The impact of real-time operating conditions such as ambient temperature and transformer MVA (megavolt-ampere) loading on transformer insulation life is studied in this paper. The formula of transformer failure rate based on the winding hottest-spot temperature (HST) is given. Thus the real-time reliability model of transformer based on oper- ating conditions is presented. The work is illustrated using the 1979 IEEE Reliability Test System. The changes of operating conditions are simulated by using hourly load curve and temperature curve, so the curves of real-time reliability indices are ob- tained by using operational reliability evaluation.

The Design of I/O Subsystem in Satellite Real-Time Microkernel Operating System

One of the most important features of modern minor satellites is to realize autonomous moving. The performance of the satellite autonomous computer operating system acting as the control center is utmost important. The recent trend in operating system development is adopting microkernel architecture which holds such advantages as microminiaturization, modularity, portability and extendibility. The performance of I/O subsystem is currently receiving considerable research attention. Object-orientation offers an approach to application development in which software system can be constructed by composing and refining the pre-designed plug-compatible software components.It also starts with some basic notions fairly well accepted in computer science, namely encapsulation and reuse. In this paper, a new object-oriented real-time I/O subsystem model has been designed.In this model, the traditional I/O subsystem framework is discarded and a stream mechanism based on the object-oriented concept is introduced. In addition, the I/O requests are classified according to their time emergency to obtain real-time performance. So, this model meets such satelliteperformance requirements as reliability, flexibility, portability and real-time performance.

Digital arc welding power supply based on real-time operating system

A digital arc welding power supply was designed with the advanced reduced instruction set computer machine （ARM） and embedded real-time multi-task operating system micro C/OS- Ⅱ. The ARM, with its powerful calculating speed and complete peripheral equipments, is very suitable to work as the controller of the digital power supply. The micro C/OS- Ⅱ transplanted in ARM, helps to improve the respondent speed against various welding signals, as well as the reliability of the controlling software. The welding process consists of nine tasks. The tasks of great significance on reliability of the welder, for example, the A/D conversion of current and voltage, enjoy top priority. To avoid simultaneous-sharing on A/D converter and LCD module, two semaphores are introduced in to ensure the smooth performance of the welding power supply. Proven by experiments ,the ARM and the micro C/OS- Ⅱ can greatly improve both the respondent speed and the reliability of the digital welder.

A Smart Phone-oriented Embedded Real-time Operating System

This article presents an embedded Smart Phone Operating System (SPOS) independently designed by ZTE Corporation. The SPOS is based on single kernel architecture with its multi-task real-time kernel supporting hardware platforms and resources of mainstream mobile phones. It has remarkable advantages such as highly efficient and dynamic power management, priority - based preemptive scheduling, fast startup, a variety of drivers, and excellent system stability and operability. For the development of upper layer communication protocols and application software, the SPOS provides wireless communication interfaces and the application program framework.

IPC Mechanisms in Satellite Real-Time Microkernel Operating System

One of the most important features of modem minor satellites is to realize autonomous moving. The perfomance of the satellite autonomous computer operating system acting as the control center is of utrnost importance. The recent trend in operating system development is adopting microkernel architecture that holds such advantages as microminiaturization, modularity, portability and extendibility. IPC is the key of microkernel design. Message-based IPC mechanism is generally used in existing microkernel Operating system. It is of consistency, safety and reliability.However, it can not provide efficient support for real-time applications in satellite systems and it only applies to loose coupling multi-processor architecture. In this paper, an improvement solution for existing message-based IPC is proposed at first to obtain real-time performance. Then a new IPC mechanism is designed. It particulary applies to shared memory tight coupling multi-processor architecture.

Real-time Operating System of a CNC Machine Tool

This paper discusses the real-time operating system (RTOS) of a computer numericalcontrol machine tool. It includes the characteristic, structure, function sub-routines, managementand communication.There are mainly two structures of CNC' RTOS. They are foreground-background type andinterrupt type. In this paper we discuss mainly the method of job management, andcommunicaton of the two types.

Real-time collaborative design based on operation semantics in distributed CAD environment

This paper proposes a collaborative design model based on operation semantics in a distributed computer-aided design (CAD) environment. The goal is to reduce time consumption in data format conversion and the requirement of network bandwidth so as to improve the cooperative ability and the synchronization efficiency. Firstly, real-time collaborative design is reviewed and three kinds of real-time collaborative design models are discussed. Secondly, the concept of operation semantics is defined and the framework of an operation semantics model is presented. The operation semantics carries the original design data and actual operation process to express design intent and operation activity in conventional CAD systems. Finally, according to the operation semantics model, a CAD operation primitive is defined which can be retrieved from and mapped to the local CAD system operation commands; a distributed CAD collaborative architecture based on the model is presented, and an example is given to verify the model.

基于Real-time PCR法检测乳粉中牛源性成分定量研究

基于Real-timePCR建立了乳粉中牛源性成分相对定量检测方法,并对牛的特异性引物与探针进行了特异性、灵敏度和稳定性测试。通过模拟不同浓度牛乳粉与马乳粉混合样本,根据其△Ct值的函数关系进行线性拟合进而绘制标准曲线,建立乳粉中牛源性成分的相对定量检测。结果显示,该方法的最低检测限为0.00001 mg/mL,回收率为91.11%~119.2%,组间变异系数≤0.58%、组内变异系数≤1.44%。说明该方法在特异性与稳定性上适用于乳粉中牛源性成分及含量的掺假检测。

A multifunctional shear apparatus for rocks subjected to true triaxial stress and high temperature in real-time

Deep engineering disasters,such as rockbursts and collapses,are more related to the shear slip of rock joints.A novel multifunctional device was developed to study the shear failure mechanism in rocks.Using this device,the complete shearedeformation process and long-term shear creep tests could be performed on rocks under constant normal stiffness(CNS)or constant normal loading(CNL)conditions in real-time at high temperature and true-triaxial stress.During the research and development process,five key technologies were successfully broken through:(1)the ability to perform true-triaxial compressioneshear loading tests on rock samples with high stiffness;(2)a shear box with ultra-low friction throughout the entire stress space of the rock sample during loading;(3)a control system capable of maintaining high stress for a long time and responding rapidly to the brittle fracture of a rock sample as well;(4)a refined ability to measure the volumetric deformation of rock samples subjected to true triaxial shearing;and(5)a heating system capable of maintaining uniform heating of the rock sample over a long time.By developing these technologies,loading under high true triaxial stress conditions was realized.The apparatus has a maximum normal stiffness of 1000 GPa/m and a maximum operating temperature of 300C.The differences in the surface temperature of the sample are constant to within5C.Five types of true triaxial shear tests were conducted on homogeneous sandstone to verify that the apparatus has good performance and reliability.The results show that temperature,lateral stress,normal stress and time influence the shear deformation,failure mode and strength of the sandstone.The novel apparatus can be reliably used to conduct true-triaxial shear tests on rocks subjected to high temperatures and stress.

一种基于real-time PCR技术的TTV检测方法的建立及应用

目的:本研究旨在开发一种具有更高灵敏度和特异性的TTV检测技术,为揭示TTV在多种疾病过程中的作用提供重要的技术支持。方法:为了更精确、灵敏的检测TTV,本研究分析了目前公布的所有亚型的TTV基因序列,在此基础上建立了一种基于UTR区域的real-time PCR检测方法,并与文献报道应用较为广泛的PCR检测方法进行了对比。结果:本研究建立的方法在1×10^(7)~1×10^(1) copies/μL标准品浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为1.000,斜率为-3.446,检测下限为1×10^(1) copies/μL。重复性试验结果显示,组内变异系数为7.22%,表明本方法重复性、稳定性较强。针对30份临床样本,使用本研究建立的real-time PCR检测方法及目前被多个研究所使用的4套引物进行对比。结果表明,本研究所建立的方法灵敏度显著高于文献中报道的4种方法(P<0.01);Sanger测序结果表明,本方法检测出的30份阳性样本均为TTV,检测特异性为100%。结论:本研究采用基于TaqMan探针的real-time PCR检测方法,检测灵敏性高、覆盖基因型范围广,尤其对于TTV病毒载量较低的情况下能够进行定量检测,对于TTV病毒的致病性及作为免疫标志物的应用提供重要的技术支持。

Evaluation of the Tropical Variability from the Beijing Climate Center's Real-Time Operational Global Ocean Data Assimilation System

The second-generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the Beijing Climate Center （BCC_GODAS2.0） has been run daily in a pre-operational mode. It spans the period 1990 to the present day. The goal of this paper is to introduce the main components and to evaluate BCC_GODAS2.0 for the user community. BCC_GODAS2.0 consists of an observational data preprocess, ocean data quality control system, a three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） data assimilation, and global ocean circulation model [Modular Ocean Model 4 （MOM4）]. MOM4 is driven by six-hourly fluxes from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Satellite altimetry data, SST, and in-situ temperature and salinity data are assimilated in real time. The monthly results from the BCC_GODAS2.0 reanalysis are compared and assessed with observations for 1990-201 I. The climatology of the mixed layer depth of BCC_GODAS2.0 is generally in agreement with that of World Ocean Atlas 2001. The modeled sea level variations in the tropical Pacific are consistent with observations from satellite altimetry on interannual to decadal time scales. Performances in predicting variations in the SST using BCC_GODAS2.0 are evaluated. The standard deviation of the SST in BCC_GODAS2.0 agrees well with observations in the tropical Pacific. BCC_GODAS2.0 is able to capture the main features of E1 Nifio Modoki I and Modoki II, which have different impacts on rainfall in southern China. In addition, the relationships between the Indian Ocean and the two types of E1 Nino Modoki are also reproduced.

Real-time data processing method for CO_(2) dispersion interferometer on EAST

A real-time data processing system is designed for the carbon dioxide dispersion interferometer(CO_(2)-DI)on EAST.The system utilizes the parallel and pipelining capabilities of an fieldprogrammable gate array(FPGA)to digitize and process the intensity of signals from the detector.Finally,the real-time electron density signals are exported through a digital-to-analog converter(DAC)module in the form of analog signals.The system has been successfully applied in the CO_(2)-DI system to provide low-latency electron density input to the plasma control system on EAST.Experimental results of the latest campaign with long-pulse discharges on EAST(2022–2023)demonstrate that the system can respond effectively in the case of rapid density changes,proving its reliability and accuracy for future electron density calculation.

Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Groundwater from Fissured Aquifers in the Angovia Mine Operating Permit Area (Central-West Côte d’Ivoire)

The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods with the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) algorithm were applied to the physicochemical parameters of 17 boreholes using the calcite (ISC) and dolomite (ISD) saturation indices. The results obtained have shown that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area has an average temperature of 27.52°C (long rainy season) and 27.87&degC (long dry season) and has an average pH of 7.09 ± 0.35 during the main rainy season and 7.32 ± 0.35 during the main dry season. They are mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 505.98 ± 302.85 μS/cm during the long rainy season and with 450.33 ± 233.74 μS/cm as average during the long dry season. The main phenomena at the origin of groundwater mineralization are water residence time, oxidation-reduction and surface inflow. The study of the relative age of the water shows that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area is mainly undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. They are therefore very old in the aquifer with a slow circulation speed during the long rainy season and the long dry season.

Real-time scheduling strategy for microgrids considering operation interval division of DGs and batteries

Real-time scheduling as an on-line optimization process must output dispatch results in real time. However, the calculation time required and the economy have a trade-off relationship. In response to a real-time scheduling problem, this paper proposes a real-time scheduling strategy considering the operation interval division of distributed generators(DGs) and batteries in the microgrid. Rolling scheduling models, including day-ahead scheduling and hours-ahead scheduling, are established, where the latter considers the future state-of-charge deviations. For the real-time scheduling, the output powers of the DGs are divided into two intervals based on the ability to track the day-ahead and hours-ahead schedules. The day-ahead and hours-ahead scheduling ensure the economy, whereas the real-time scheduling overcomes the timeconsumption problem. Finally, a grid-connected microgrid example is studied, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of economic and real-time requirements.

Real-Time Intelligent Diagnosis of Co-frequency Vibration Faults in Rotating Machinery Based on Lightweight-Convolutional Neural Networks

The co-frequency vibration fault is one of the common faults in the operation of rotating equipment,and realizing the real-time diagnosis of the co-frequency vibration fault is of great significance for monitoring the health state and carrying out vibration suppression of the equipment.In engineering scenarios,co-frequency vibration faults are highlighted by rotational frequency and are difficult to identify,and existing intelligent methods require more hardware conditions and are exclusively time-consuming.Therefore,Lightweight-convolutional neural networks(LW-CNN)algorithm is proposed in this paper to achieve real-time fault diagnosis.The critical parameters are discussed and verified by simulated and experimental signals for the sliding window data augmentation method.Based on LW-CNN and data augmentation,the real-time intelligent diagnosis of co-frequency is realized.Moreover,a real-time detection method of fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed for data acquisition to fault diagnosis.It is verified by experiments that the LW-CNN and sliding window methods are used with high accuracy and real-time performance.

Integrated strategy for real-time wind power fluctuation mitigation and energy storage system control

To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems,we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a system.First,we employ a strategy that restricts long-and short-term power output deviations to smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time.Second,we adopt the sliding window instantaneous complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(SW-ICEEMDAN)strategy to achieve real-time decomposition of the energy storage power,facilitating internal power distribution within the hybrid energy storage system.Finally,we introduce a rule-based multi-fuzzy control strategy for the secondary adjustment of the initial power allocation commands for different energy storage components.Through simulation validation,we demonstrate that the proposed comprehensive control strategy can smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time and decompose energy storage power.Compared with traditional empirical mode decomposition(EMD),ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD),and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)decomposition strategies,the configuration of the energy storage system under the SW-ICEEMDAN control strategy is more optimal.Additionally,the state-of-charge of energy storage components fluctuates within a reasonable range,enhancing the stability of the power system and ensuring the secure operation of the energy storage system.

Nanomaterial-assisted wearable glucose biosensors for noninvasive real-time monitoring:Pioneering point-of-care and beyond

This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.

Real-Time Detection and Instance Segmentation of Strawberry in Unstructured Environment

The real-time detection and instance segmentation of strawberries constitute fundamental components in the development of strawberry harvesting robots.Real-time identification of strawberries in an unstructured envi-ronment is a challenging task.Current instance segmentation algorithms for strawberries suffer from issues such as poor real-time performance and low accuracy.To this end,the present study proposes an Efficient YOLACT(E-YOLACT)algorithm for strawberry detection and segmentation based on the YOLACT framework.The key enhancements of the E-YOLACT encompass the development of a lightweight attention mechanism,pyramid squeeze shuffle attention(PSSA),for efficient feature extraction.Additionally,an attention-guided context-feature pyramid network(AC-FPN)is employed instead of FPN to optimize the architecture’s performance.Furthermore,a feature-enhanced model(FEM)is introduced to enhance the prediction head’s capabilities,while efficient fast non-maximum suppression(EF-NMS)is devised to improve non-maximum suppression.The experimental results demonstrate that the E-YOLACT achieves a Box-mAP and Mask-mAP of 77.9 and 76.6,respectively,on the custom dataset.Moreover,it exhibits an impressive category accuracy of 93.5%.Notably,the E-YOLACT also demonstrates a remarkable real-time detection capability with a speed of 34.8 FPS.The method proposed in this article presents an efficient approach for the vision system of a strawberry-picking robot.

A real-time performance improvement method for composite time scale

The composite time scale(CTS)provides a stable,accurate,and reliable time scale for modern society.The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability,which strengths related applications’performance.Aiming at this goal,a method achieved by determining the optimal calculation interval and accelerating adjustment stage is proposed in this paper.The determinants of the CTS’s calculation interval(characteristics of the clock ensemble,the measurement noise,the time and frequency synchronization system’s noise and the auxiliary output generator noise floor)are studied and the optimal calculation interval is obtained.We also investigate the effect of ensemble algorithm’s initial parameters on the CTS’s adjustment stage.A strategy to get the reasonable initial parameters of ensemble algorithm is designed.The results show that the adjustment stage can be finished rapidly or even can be shorten to zero with reasonable initial parameters.On this basis,we experimentally generate a distributed CTS with a calculation interval of 500 s and its stability outperforms those of the member clocks when the averaging time is longer than1700 s.The experimental result proves that the CTS’s real-time performance is significantly improved.