The Evolution of China’s National Innovation System During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.

An Analysis of the Current State of Civil Society Participation in Ensuring the National Security of Mongolia

In this article, the researchers tried to evaluate the contribution of civil society to Mongolian democracy and the problems faced by civil society. In addition, the article aimed to determine the unique national criteria of Mongolian democracy and the need to create an organization to monitor the process of democracy. The process of identifying important documents and ideals for the development of Mongolian civil society today is still in its early stages. It can be said that the approval of the democratic constitution and the first free and fair parliamentary elections as a country that has newly and restored democracy became another impetus for the creation of a new type of citizen organization. It is characterized by trying to study the changes that have occurred since this historical period at the intersection of political science and security studies. One of the most important issues today is to find out how many non-governmental and civil society organizations exist in Mongolia today, which are Western-oriented, focused on specific issues, have their own position and opinion, are specialized, and are capable of influencing government policy. On the other hand, in this article, we emphasize whether non-governmental and civil society organizations, which aim to hold the government accountable, and carry out influence and control activities, are fully developed.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Course Based on National Standard and Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses

Under the new situation,how to integrate the ideological and political theories teaching in all courses for Chinese medicine major and meet the requirements of national standards for teaching quality,improve the training quality of Chinese medicine talents and strengthen the connotative development of Chinese medicine higher education are urgent issues to be solved in Chinese medicine colleges.This paper introduces the practical experience of teaching reform of traditional Chinese medicine courses based on national standards of teaching quality and ideological and political theories teaching in all courses from the aspects of curriculum setting,teaching content,teaching methods and teaching practice,which can provide reference for teaching reform of other professional courses based on national standards of teaching quality and ideological and political theories teaching in all courses.

Consciousness of Sorrow and Worry and the National Pedagogy of Reform

River Elegy(Heshang)is a Chinese TV documentary aired on Chinese Central Television(CCTV)in 1988.Its provocative condemnation of the thousand-year-old'yellow civilization'(huangse wenming黄色文明)of China stirred up a tornado of controversies among Chinese audiences.Intense debates and reflections on the documentary both inside and outside China have made Heshang one of the most intriguing'phenomena'in contemporary Chinese culture.This paper proposes a new perspective to read Heshang,tackling it as a historically situated narrative that embodies a post-Mao intellectual discourse of the national sentiment.In the new context of post-Mao China,what does Heshang tell of the relative positionalities of the intellectuals,the masses,and the state in the frame of Chinese modernity?How do we dialectically understand the documentary’s national pedagogy of reform in relation to the elusive agency of the low-quality Chinese masses?With these questions in mind,I revisit Heshang’s claim of weak political agency as an embodiment of low people quality.I argue that the national sentiment of the consciousness of sorrow and worry(忧患意识)simultaneously suggests and subverts the national pedagogy of reform promoted by the Heshang intellectuals.

Research on the Teaching Reform of Tourism Reception Under the Background of National First-Class Undergraduate Specialty Construction

The launch of the“Double Thousand Plan”has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of major construction in colleges and universities.In order to meet the requirements of the first-class undergraduate major in tourism management,there is a need for an active reform and innovation in its teaching,an improvement in the quality of running this undergraduate major,and an accelerated growth of this undergraduate major.The tourism reception industry is a basic course of the tourism management specialty,and its teaching effect has a vital influence on the construction of this specialty.Taking the hospitality and tourism industry as an example,this paper analyzes the existing problems in curriculum construction,redefines the ideas and objectives of curriculum teaching reform,and expounds the contents and measures of curriculum teaching reform.

The School Reform Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination Reform

Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are actively carrying out various reforms to improve the quality of education and teaching.However,can school reform only aim at the national college entrance examination?Facing the new national college entrance examination reform,what can schools do?

European Governments and Populist Challenge： Towards an Institutional Reform of the EU？

This paper argues that the debate about a possible reform of the EU （or, at least, of the Eurozone） is strictly connected to the role populism plays within the European political systems. In particular, the national governments are inclined to modify the European governance in so far as they perceive the populist movements as a threat for their consensus among the citizens. This interpretation is confirmed by three different approaches emerging in 2010-2015, which are examined in the article： the UK welcomed a part of the populist propaganda and tried to take advantage of it to carry out a radical reform of the EU, re-nationalizing a series of functions; Germany did not focus on the populist rhetoric and defended the current EU model, but recognized the federal goal to which the integration process was addressed; France and Italy, in spite of theoretical divergences about the idea of Europe, shared a strategy meant to defeat populism by strengthening the European institutions and reducing the gap with the citizens. This heterogeneous scenario prevented any agreement on the future of the EU, but the effects of recent events--- such as migrations and terrorism, potential causes of a new populist offensive---might convince the Member States to rethink their positions.

Exploration on the Integration of CAD Course and National CAD Grade Certification Training

Based on the syllabus and standard of National CAD Grade Certification issued by the Ministry of Education and China Figure Association, this paper discusses the teaching model of combining classroom teaching with skill grade certification in voca- tional college. To achieve the unity of classroom teaching and skill training can save training costs and increase the significance of classroom teaching. Implementation of integrating mechanical CAD curriculum and national CAD grade certification training is the extension of teaching reform. It can make the vocational college students obtain the professional qualification certificates besides di-plomas.

China＇s National Income Distribution in the New Normal：Characteristics,Contradictions and Reforms

This paper discusses the evolution and characteristics of China's national income distribution structure after the dawn of the new century and particularly in China's new normal of social and economic development. This paper casts light on the profound national income distribution and redistribution effects of changing ownership and economic reforms, as well as the microscopic household income distribution effects of changes in macroscopic distribution structure. Based on an analysis of changes in macroscopic distribution pattern, this paper explains the structural contradictions of national income distribution in China and their effects on China's economy, providing a theoretical analysis of income distribution for deepening supply-side structural reform.

Uplifting a Nation China’s 40 years of reform and opening up has brought tangible benefits to its people and the world

Beijing resident Li Zhangzhe, 58, still keeps a pair of sunglasses he bought nearly 40 years ago.

National Engineering Research Center for Refractories Got “Excellent Achievement Prize” from National Development and Reform Commission

In 2012, on the occasion of 20th anniversary, National Engineering Research Center for Refractories, registered in Sinosteel LIRR, got ＂ Excellent Achievement Prize＂ from National Development and Reform Commission for its demonstration function and outstanding achievments.

National Planning,Investment & Structural Reform

Along with the further development of its economic structural reform, China’s planning, investment structure reform has made significant headway. A reporter interviewed Gui Shiyong, vice minister of the State Planning Commission on the current situation and orientation of the nation’s planning and investment structural reform.

China National Textiles I/E Corp Reforms Operational Mechanism

The China National Textiles I/E Corp (Chinatex), one of the foreign trade companies in the country with the biggest import and export value, exported more textiles and expanded its business at home and abroad in 1994, in spite of the shortage of raw materials and the rise in prices. Chinatex’s import and export value totalled US$2.718 billion last year, a rise of 43.9% over the previous year. The quality of the exports also improved. The company’s Beijing branch exported US$370 million worth of goods, 33.3% more than in the previous year. Its enterprises abroad had a turnover of US$1 billion in 1994.

思维、教育与民族性

东西方在思维方式上的差异被很多学者探讨过。思维方式的复杂性及其在不同文化中的不同倾向,对教育产生了不可忽略的重要影响。教育史上很多大规模教育改革都直接或间接与对思维的重要性或对它新的认识有关。思维研究涉及很多学科。世界上不同文化背景下的国民思维方式几乎都存在长项和欠缺。提高思维品质、平衡不同思维方式的获取、弥补思维方式的欠缺是教育改革应该特别关注的事情。一个国家的教育既是民族性的体现,其兼顾不同文化的思维方式的教育上的努力,也可能是影响民族性的重要因素。

国赛标准引领课程实践教学改革的思考——以园林景观设计与施工课程为例

实践教学是高职院校的办学特色,也是专业课程建设的特色。随着社会产业和科技的发展,对高职院校实践教学提出了更高的新要求。面对挑战,高职院校以国赛标准为标杆开展课程实践教学改革,在分析了高职院校专业课程实践教学现状和国赛标准推动专业课程实践教学改革显著作用的基础上,有针对性地提出了实践教学改革的策略,以促进高职院校“赛课融通”模式教学改革,提升社会、行业、企业对高职院校职业教育的认可度。

财税政策促进共同富裕:内在逻辑、现实问题与实现路径

财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱,在扎实推进共同富裕进程中,财政既要促进做大经济发展的“蛋糕”,更要注重“分好蛋糕”,用好财税政策工具,着力缩小区域差距、城乡差距和收入差距,推动基本公共服务均等化。从聚焦构建全国统一大市场、推进城市群和都市圈协同发展、完善转移支付制度、推进城乡协调发展等方面,阐释财税政策发挥作用的内在逻辑和实现路径,分析存在的制约因素,并提出相关政策建议。

监察体制改革视域下人民监督员制度的新发展

随着国家监察体制改革深入推进,检察机关的职务犯罪侦查职能发生重大调整,人民监督员制度的适用备受关注。2021年《监察法实施条例》将履行公职的人民监督员纳入监察范围,确立了人民监督员作为监察对象的法律地位。人民监督员行使的监督权属于公权力。对此,宜从监督权力和维护公益两个维度进一步证成健全人民监督员制度的必要性。未来,顺应《监察法》第一次修改的趋向,健全符合人民监督员作为监察对象之法律地位的制度新方案:首先,转变理念认知,规范人民监督员行使公权力的主要形式及其限度;其次,确定人民监督员不当用权的法律责任,调动其秉公用权的主动性;最后,提高人民监督员履职用权的素能,重视人民监督员的选任、培训与考核等工作的质量。

地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关的法治逻辑及展开路径

地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关具有严密的法治逻辑,既是人民代表大会制度的内在逻辑要求,也是强化对权力运行制约和监督的必然要求,还是对监督者再监督的题中之义。但由于监察权在我国新“四权”权力配置模式中处于优越地位,地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关还面临一些挑战和障碍。这就需要在正确认识和处理地方人大及其常委会监督与地方监察机关监察两者“异中有同”“相得益彰”关系的基础上,由地方人大及其常委会对地方监察机关开展“正确监督、有效监督、依法监督”,以实现地方人大及其常委会对地方监察机关监督的目的。

人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革研究

民族团结进步教育是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要方式,也是全面推进民族团结进步事业的基础性工程。智能时代人工智能技术的广泛应用,为民族团结进步教育改革注入了新的动能。在人工智能的赋能下,民族团结进步教育在理念革新、主体协同、方法拓展、评价改革等方面呈现出全新发展态势,为推动民族团结进步教育高质量发展提供新的驱动力。但相关制度和数据标准欠缺、技术至上、智能素养缺乏、数据主义弊端、伦理抉择模糊等问题给人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革带来了一定隐忧,影响了民族团结进步教育实效。为实现人工智能赋能民族团结进步教育改革高质量发展,应坚持问题导向,着力在制度保障、价值引领、素养培育、数据治理、伦理嵌入等方面加以改革,进而不断延展和深化传统民族团结进步教育理论视野和实践视域,提升民族团结进步教育实效,进一步铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

新时代迈向高质量的学前教育教学实践改革——基于三届学前教育国家级教学成果奖的考察

建设高质量学前教育是新时代我国学前教育改革发展的基本目标。2014至2022年,我国基础教育国家级教学成果奖已推进实施三届,学前教育国家级教学成果奖是其重要组成部分。三届学前教育国家级教学成果奖充分反映了10余年来我国高质量学前教育教学改革实践探索的基本面貌。考察发现,10余年来,我国对于高质量的学前教育教学改革实践的重视程度不断提升,教育教学改革实践推进不断走向均衡,实践内涵不断拓宽和深入。新时代推进高质量学前教育教学改革应当加大对薄弱地区和农村地区帮扶力度、推动跨界合作开展实践研究、实践主题确定需进一步推进问题导向与时代导向的紧密结合以及突出学前教育的本土化特色实践。