Plight and Countermeasures of Petty Credit Loan in Rural Financial Institutions in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy will surely release a huge financial demand in rural areas.How to use the petty credit loan in rural financial institutions to develop rural economy is an effective way to implement the rural revitalization strategy.This paper first analyzes the significance of petty credit loan in rural financial institutions for rural revitalization strategy,then introduces the remarkable contribution of petty credit loan in China's rural financial institutions to actively solving the problems of farmers about difficult financing and expensive financing and elaborates on the main problems of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions that still exist in the process of supporting rural revitalization,and finally gives several suggestions on solving the problems about the financing of farmers and the development of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions.

Chinese Comprehensive Rural Reform: Institutional Vicissitude, Theoretic Framework and Content Structure

The social and economic development level of rural areas, the productivity of agriculture and the life quality of farmers were always the greatest concerns of Chinese Central Government. Therefore, the research related to rural areas, agriculture and farmers had remained as the prominent parts for a long period and would continue to be prominent in the future to build China into a moderately prosperous nation in an all-round way. Chinese rural area had constantly experienced three significant system reforms since 1978, namely the reform of rural management system, the rural tax and fee reform and the rural comprehensive reform. This paper attempted to analyze the theoretic framework and the content structure of the comprehensive rural reform since it was the higher stage of rural institutional vicissitude, which had changed the governance and operation system and thus promoted the great changes to fundamental social and economic system in rural areas. The theoretic framework of comprehensive rural reform covered three aspects in its content, namely the rural governance theory, the government function theory and the public finance theory. The comprehensive rural reform was a complicated system engineering with multiple dimensions and targets mainly including rural political restructuring, rural economic restructuring and rural public products allocation restructuring. The reform had focused on enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development, breaking through the urban and rural binary system, and further reducing the disparity between cities and countrysides, so as to realize the urban-rural integration. It was necessary to clarify and understand the key mechanism and intrinsic logic of the rural comprehensive reform, which was helpful to establish the foundation constituted by scientific methodology to implement the reform and evaluation criterion to judge the reform performance.

The Value Orientation of the Legal System Innovation in Rural Financial Organizations in China

The process of new-type urbanization in China has changed the rural financial demand pattern,for which the peasant household is the subject,and caused its financial demand to change and increase at the same time. As the subject of the rural financial supply, rural financial organizations have to accelerate their institutional innovation and innovation of financial products and services,only through which can they break the financial bottleneck in the process of urbanization. Legislation is the only route for the rural financial organizational system construction and perfection in China. The formation of legal system of rural financial organizations is influenced by factors such as politics,economy and system,as well as the real demand of the rural financial subject,so the value orientation takes on a paradoxical movement of coexistence,competition and integration,which is in great need of more value consensus through system practice and enhancement of management concept for rural financial organizations.

Rural institutional transformation since the foundation of PRC and its prospects

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 60 years ago, the country has experienced profound institutional transformation, which includes various milestones such as "land to the tiller," the People's Commune, household contract responsibility system and a new approach to rural administration. Before reform and opening-up in 1978, China's rural reform was primarily a mandatory process, and after 1978, it became an induced process. In the future, rural institutional transformation still enjoys a broad prospect and must be deepened, and the focus is to advance the relocation of rural surplus labor, establish a land use system and improve rural public services. Institutional urbanrural divide must be eliminated to promote integrated socioeconomic development of urban and rural areas.

Credit risk constraint mechanisms in rural financial reform

To research the operating mechanisms of rural financial reform, through setting up a contract model, the constraint roles of reputation and legal intervention on the default risk arising in the operating of the credit union funds are inspected. Analysis indicates that the increase in reputation cost can reduce the probability of union member default behavior and the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Meanwhile, the amount of loans and the interest rates can increase the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Below the marginal values, the penalty mechanisms can reduce the balancing probabilities of member default behavior and turning to the law for the credit union funds, namely, the penalty has some "substitution effect" for turning to the law for the credit union funds.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Evaluation and Optimization Approaches of Rural Financial Ecological Environment in Hubei Province

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and the quality of rural financial ecological environment determines the level of rural economic development. At the same time of making outstanding achievements in rural financial reform,there are still many problems in rural financial ecological environment. Taking Hubei Province as an example,this paper summarized existing problems from current situations of rural financial ecological environment,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.

On the Restricting Factors & System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.

乡村振兴视角下全面推进农信机构为农服务能力研究

农村信用合作社系统金融机构作为我国数量最多、覆盖范围最广的金融机构,长期深耕“三农”业务,在全面推进乡村振兴战略的背景下,更需要提升其为农服务能力,尤其是为农户、各类新型农业经营主体和农村集体经济组织提供特色化差异化的金融服务、满足这些需求主体多样化金融需求的能力。本文首先梳理了农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力的概念和内涵,分析了其内部影响因素和外部影响因素。总体上看,农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力受到稳健经营能力、可持续经营能力、产品和服务创新能力等内部因素以及同业竞争、宏观经济因素、政策因素、社会信用环境、金融基础设施等外部因素的影响。在分析农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力总体发展现状的基础上,笔者发现,尽管当前其为农服务能力有了较大提升,但仍存在治理结构不完善、为农服务企业文化流于表面、贷款不良率偏高、盈利能力和金融科技运用水平较低等内部问题,同时还面临同业竞争压力较大、政策和数字金融服务基础设施不完善等外部问题,从而削弱其为农服务能力。因此,未来需要从完善外部政策和保障体系、完善内部治理机制两大方面提高农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力。

新时代农业科研单位学科建设的探索与实践——以山东省农业科学院学科改革为例

高质量推进乡村振兴战略稳步实施,必须走创新引领、改革驱动的发展之路。文章在分析了学科建设对农业科研院所重要意义的基础上,以山东省农业科学院实施的学科改革为例,客观分析了其学科发展现状,阐述了学科改革的实践探索与主要创新,并提出了今后深化学科改革的建议,以期为农业科研单位学科改革提供借鉴。

水稻种植业财务管理效率提升的策略研究

水稻种植业的财务管理效率是提高农业生产力和经济效益的关键。在极端天气频发、地缘政治矛盾日趋尖锐的背景下,水稻种植业对全球粮食安全的重要性显著上升,尤其是对于以水稻为主要粮食的中国而言,水稻及其制成品的生产已经成为关乎国家经济命脉的重要一环。不同生产主体模式的财务管理需求、现状各不相同,其影响因素也有明显差异。针对主体差异提出财务管理改革策略,并构建财务管理工作的保障机制,能提高水稻种植业财务管理效率。该策略通过优化资源配置、增强市场适应性、提高水稻市场竞争力,为实现农业现代化和乡村振兴战略目标提供了有力支撑。

农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化建设

为进一步加强对农村社会的管理,使农村集体经济组织财务更加公开化,实现民主化的管理与监督,需加强对农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化的建设。通过相关调查发现,很多乡村都能在规定的时间里向村民公开相关的财务内容,自觉接受来自人民群众的监督。但这种方式还存在执行力不足的问题,财务人员的能力不够专业,很多的工作流程不够规范。究其原因主要是当下农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化建设还不够强。应对农村集体经济组织财务公开,进行制度化建设。

农村养老机构公建民营改制:何以可能又何以可为?

人口老龄化和城乡人口倒置的加深使得农村养老问题日益突出,在家庭养老照护功能减弱的情况下,对农村养老机构实行公建民营改制是完善农村社会化养老体系的重要举措。然而,农村养老机构公建民营改制虽拓宽了多元主体参与的渠道,但实际也遭遇了政策初衷扭曲、实践效果不佳等诸多瓶颈。研究发现,对改制主体权责关系的讨论是解决改制瓶颈的关键。通过福利多元主义中“多元福利主体”和社会治理中“多元主体治理”这两个概念,构建“多元主体识别多元主体参与多元主体协同”的分析框架,探讨农村养老机构公建民营改制的可能前提和可为进路。中部某省A县的改制实践表明,对多元主体的权责厘清是实施改制的前提条件,而多元主体本身各持逻辑则是导致改制困境的根源,具体表现为政策内卷导致的县民政局越位管理、科层逻辑导致的乡镇政府工作缺位、过度依赖导致的市场主体目标偏离和生活理性导致的机构院长经验欠缺等。为此,要确保县民政局把握导向不越位、重塑乡镇政府监督和沟通责任、明确市场配置作用和产品定位以及完善院长角色定位和能力提升,实现多元主体的协同发展,以期达成农村养老机构公建民营改制的初衷和目标,完善农村机构养老建设体系,为农村社会化养老的多样态高质量发展提供助力。

基于SVM模型的农村金融机构农户信用风险评价体系研究——以黑龙江省为例

目前,对农户信贷风险的评估方法很多,但大多采用专家主观判断法、统计判别分析法,主观性强,受样本数量限制。随着引入人工智能技术,出现了遗传算法、神经网络模型、支持向量机、随机森林等方法。在诸方法中,SVM是一种适用于少量样本的学习方法,可用于处理线性和非线性分类问题,尤其适用于农户信贷信息获取少而难的评估。文章运用农户信贷理论,以黑龙江省某农商行为主要研究对象,分析了农户贷款信用风险管理和评价体系现状,运用SVM模型和主成分分析构建了农户信用风险评价指标体系,并运用某农商行的数据进行了实证分析研究。得出结论:SVM模型在所有数据集上表现最好,其提取规则的准确性超越了传统的分类方法,可用作特征选择法的基础来确定违约风险重要的特征。

新型城镇化背景下农村土地管理制度优化

农村发展应新型城镇化要求需在相关体制上进行追本溯源的、创新性的改革,尤其是农村的土地管理制度,存在诸多与新型城镇化发展相矛盾的问题。如今,新型城镇化的任务推进能够为农村不断完成新农村建设作出指导。为此,基于新型城镇化背景,探讨了其对农村土地管理制度改革的需求,分析了农村土地管理与新型城镇化的适配度问题,指出了农村土地管理制度中的问题,并针对相关问题提出建设性的优化策略。

Influence of Rural Land Institutional Reform on Urbanization During the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan Period:A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

The rural land institutions have confined the process of China's urbanization for a long time. During the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the Chinese government will push forward a new round of rural land institutional reform, so as to promote the restructuring of current rural land use pattern, change related elements concerning urbanization, and realize the transformation of the urbanization mode. Taking Jiangsu Province, a comprehensive pilot site of new urbanization at the provincial level in China, as an example, the paper summarizes the practical experience of rural land institutional reform in Jiangsu during recent years. Further, through analyzing the influence of rural land institutional reform on the urbanization process of Jiangsu Province during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the paper puts forward some policy measures, with the hope of providing a lasting impetus for the new urbanization in Jiangsu Province as well as a reference for other provinces in China.

中国微型金融机构的制度演进、发展状况与动态趋势

基于对中国微型金融的历史回溯与概念重构,构建服务覆盖广度(地理渗透性)、金融服务深度、运营可持续性多维观测指标,科学研判2008—2018年间新型农村金融机构与小额贷款公司发展状况与动态趋势,进而探究微型金融发展的区域差异特征与现实障碍。研究发现:其间,微型金融机构的普惠性功能完善情况较好,不同区域金融包容性明显提升,但其自身运营可持续性延续下行趋势;新型农村金融机构经营发展的稳定性整体优于小额贷款公司。当前,亟需完善微型金融相关政策支持与法律法规体系,因地制宜推动金融业务多元化发展,强化风险预警与处置手段,加强信息披露,建立评级机制,夯实微型金融机构可持续发展基础。

农村“三块地”改革对县域城乡融合发展的影响研究——基于准自然实验的证据

文章基于2007—2020年1256个县(市、区)的面板数据,结合理论分析法和双重差分法,从准自然实验角度出发,探究以农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市和宅基地制度改革为内容的“三块地”改革试点政策对县域城乡融合发展的影响效应及影响机理,为深化新一轮土地制度改革、推动县域城乡融合发展提供参考。基准回归分析表明,“三块地”改革对县域城乡融合发展具有显著且稳健的促进作用;机制研究发现,“三块地”改革通过促进土地、劳动力、资金要素在城乡之间自由流动推动了县域城乡融合发展;异质性分析发现,“三块地”改革在低城乡融合度县域、较低发展水平县域、中部县域的影响效应更加明显。据此,应进一步深化“三块地”改革,不断总结试点县域的政策实施经验,在差异化城乡融合基础、经济发展水平、自然地理条件下,因地制宜、审慎推进农村土地制度改革,强化城乡地域系统的连接纽带,促进城乡要素自由流动和平等交换,推动县域城乡经济、社会、人口、空间和生态全面融合发展,实现政策的长期效应。

共同富裕视角下农村金融高质量发展:理论分析与实现路径

我国“三农”工作已经进入扎实推进全体人民共同富裕的历史新阶段。助力农民农村实现共同富裕,农村金融必须构建功能完备、可持续性强的更高质量水平的“共富式”金融服务体系。本研究在已有研究的基础上,尝试从“量的提升”和“质的提升”两个维度构建“共富式”农村金融高质量发展理论分析框架,系统回顾新世纪以来共同富裕导向下农村金融供给侧结构性变化,并结合新时期农村金融需求面临的新形势、新要求,详尽阐述“共富式”农村金融高质量发展亟待提升的现实问题。未来,农村金融改革亟需进一步优化农村金融供给结构、创新“共富式”农村金融产品和服务、加快形成共同富裕导向的政策协同支撑体系、围绕农村制度改革推动形成良性互动的金融生态,构建形成“共富式”农村金融服务体系,全面提升农村金融服务质量。