Understanding the Relationship Between Shrinking Cities and Land Prices:Spatial Pattern,Effectiveness,and Policy Implications

Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.

The Trend of U.S.-China Relations: Is a Conflict Between the United States and China Inevitable?

International relations theory can serve as a guide to understanding national behaviour,especially those that are strained by ideological misunderstandings.Realism basically believes that state behaviour reflects the state’s pursuit of power.Constructivism believes that thought drives behaviour.Therefore,in order to better understand the behaviour between states,this essay suggests that constructivism and realism can interact rather than repel each other,because constructivism can play a complementary role in realism.This combination can promote behavioural understanding between countries without compromising the interests of countries,thereby reducing the possibility of conflict and war.Finally,the ups and downs of Sino-US relations reflect the participation of ideology.In other words,based on this method to analyse the current relationship between China and the United States,it can be predicted that the two countries can basically avoid the war between them.

The Study of Trade Relationship between Kazakhstan and China

To explore the momentum and direction of the bilateral trade and economic sustainable development, make a comprehensive study on the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan from multiple angles. In comparison, the China-Kazakh economic and trade relations between the two countries is close, the investment partnership is relatively stable, there are good prospects for trade and economic cooperation; However. the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan have a certain distance, in Bilateral trade structure still exist some problems.

The Relationship Between the Communist Party of China and the Japanese Communist Party During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.

Research on the Comparison of Telemedicine Policies between China and South Korea

In recent years,the impact of telemedicine technology on the medical industry has become an essential issue of common concern in the industry and academia.This paper makes a diachronic review,classification research,and comparative analysis of the telemedicine service also the related literature of the telemedicine industry policy research in China and South Korea.Based on this,the study puts forward the prospect of future research,which provides an essential basis for further research on the influence mechanism of telemedicine service quality on patient satisfaction and recommendation intention.

The Relationship Between the Communist Party of China and the Japanese Communist Party During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.

Corrections of shipboard GPS radiosonde soundings and applications on historical records in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea

Shipboard radiosonde soundings are important for detecting and quantifying the multiscale variability of atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with mass exchanges.This study evaluated the accuracies of shipboard Global Positioning System(GPS)soundings in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea through a simultaneous balloon-borne inter-comparison of different radiosonde types.Our results indicate that the temperature and relative humidity(RH)measurements of GPS-TanKong(GPS-TK)radiosonde(used at most stations before 2012)have larger biases than those of ChangFeng-06-A(CF-06-A)radiosonde(widely used in current observation)when compared to reference data from Vaisala RS92-SGP radiosonde,with a warm bias of 5℃and dry bias of 10%during daytimes,and a cooling bias of-0.8℃and a moist bias of 6%during nighttime.These systematic biases are primarily attributed to the radiation effects and altitude deviation.An empirical correction algorithm was developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature and RH profiles.The corrected profiles agree well with that of RS92-SGP,except for uncertainties of CF-06-A in the stratosphere.These correction algorithms were applied to the GPS-TK historical sounding records,reducing biases in the corrected temperature and RH profiles when compared to radio occultation data.The correction of GPS-TK historical records illustrated an improvement in capturing the marine atmospheric structure,with more accurate atmospheric boundary layer height,convective available potential energy,and convective inhibition in the tropical ocean.This study contributes significantly to improving the quality of GPS radiosonde soundings and promotes the sharing of observation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea.

Studies on the Northern Early Summer Teleconnection Patterns, Their Interannual Variations and Relation to Drought / Flood in China

By using the one-point correlation method, calculations have been made of the northern early summer 500 hPa teleconnection patterns. Seven teleconnection patterns are revealed, namely, the Western Atlantic (WA), the Eastern Atlantic (EA), the Eurasian (EU), the Bengal / Northern Pacific (BNP), the Western Pacific (WP), the East Asian / Pacific (EAP), and the Huanghe / East Asian (HEA) patterns. Their centers are determined and their yearly intensity indices (1951-1990) are calculated. On this basis the relationship between their interannual variations and the drought / flood in China is examined. It is noted that the EU, HEA and EAP wave trains are closely related to the drought / flood in China. The HEA and EAP patterns strongly influence the precipitation in eastern China. For example, the fierce floods experienced in 1991 early summer over China are related to the weak EAP and strong HEA patterns.

Empirical Analysis on the Relations between Rural Residents' Consumption and Economic Growth——A Case of Liaoning Province

Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.

Relationships between Basic and Silicic Magmatism in Continental Rift Settings:A Petrogeochemical Study of Carboniferous Post-collisional Rift Silicic Volcanics in Tianshan,NW China

Petrogeochemical data are reported for silicic volcanic rocks from the Tianshan Carboniferous rift, with the aim of discussing the petrogenesis of silicic magmas. Incompatible element vs. incompatible element diagrams display smooth positive trends for the Tianshan Carboniferous rift-related volcanic rocks; the isotope ratios of the silicic lavas [^87Sr/^86S（t）=0.699880.70532; eNd（t）=4.76-8.00; ^206pb/^204pb（t）=17.435-18.017; ^207Pb/^204Pb（t）=15.438-15.509; ^208Pb/^204Pb（t） = 37.075-37.723] encompass those of the basic lavas. These data suggest a genetic link between rhyolites and basalts, but are not definitive in establishing whether silicic rocks are related to basalts through fractional crystallization or partial melting. Geochemical modeling of incompatible vs. compatible elements excludes the possibility that silicic melts are generated by the melting of basaltic rocks, and indicates a derivation by fractional crystallization plus moderate assimilation of wall rocks （AFC） starting from intermediate rocks to silicic rocks. Continuous AFC from basalt to rhyolite, with small rates of crustal assimilation, best explains the geochemical data. The presence or absence of bimodal volcanism （the ＂Daly Gap＂） might be related to cooling rates of magma chambers. In central and eastern Tianshan, the crust was thinner and the cooling rates of the magma chamber within the crust were greater. These conditions resulted in a rapid fall in temperature within the magma reservoir and caused a narrow temperature interval over which intermediate melts formed, effectively reducing the volume of the intermediate melts.

A comparative study of organic agriculture development between China and South Korea

Human activities including modern agriculture have caused environmental pollution, so people begin to pay attentton to safe food. As a result, organic agriculture has emerged. Organic agriculture in South Korea （hereinafter referred as Korea） and China has developed rapidly since the appearance of organic agriculture in 1970s and 1980s respectively. Organic agriculture in China and Korea has developed steadily through agricultural support policies, certification management, institutions construction etc. In the development of organtc agriculture, China and Korea are now facing some technical and extension problems. In general however the development of organic agriculture in China lags behind Korea. China can learn from the experience about the development of organic agriculture in Korea to solve contradiction between development of organic agriculture and food safety, to strengthen the organic food certification, to introduce a system of agricultural direct payment and other positive measures, thus will guarantee steady and healthy development of organic agriculture in China.

On the 2002 U. S. Mid-Term Election Zhang Yanyu and Wang Wenfeng are both assistant research professors at the Division for American Studies in China Institute of Contemporary International Relations

The first mid-term election of the U. S. in the new century took place on November 5, 2002. One third of the senators from the 107th Congress (34 out of 100), all representatives (435), 36 state governors, and numerous local officials and legislators were to be elected or reelected. The resounding victory of the GOP in the congressional elections and the fact that the Democrats only got three more.

Comparative Study on Efficiency of the Seaports in China and Korea

The efficiency of the seaport has been variously studied utilizing either data envelopment analysis( DEA) or stochastic Frontier analysis( SFA). Given the strengths and weaknesses associated with these two approaches, applying both models to compute efficiency estimates for the 11 seaports of the China and Korea from 2012-2016 and comparing the results obtained. Main finding facts of this paper are as follows:( i) there are some differences among relative efficiency levels,but almost no differences among efficiency ranks in DEA and SFA results.( ii) The tendency of VRS is stronger in Chinese coastal seaports during the past several years.( iii) The values among seaports in SFA model are relatively smaller than those in the DEA models. The results show that the efficiency of major seaports in Korea is far lower than that of ports in China.

P-wave tomography and relation between shallow and deep structures beneath the Songliao basin

We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China. In combination with other geophysical data, we discussed the relation between the shallow and deep structures of the area. The results show that there is a primary high-velocity zone with some high- and low-ve- locity distribution characters beneath the Songliao basin. The low-velocity anomalies may extend down to the upper mantle, and may be the result of material upwelling. The low-velocity anomaly beneath the southern part of the Songliao basin is connected to those beneath the Chang- baishan and A＇ershan volcanic areas. It may be an upwelling channel from the mantle beneath the Songliao basin and adjacent area. This finding indicates the Songliao basin was a result of asthenospheric upwelling caused by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate.

The Exploration to the Historical Origin of Differences between Urban and Rural Areas in China

In order to understand the historical origins of encircling the cities from the rural areas implemented by the Communist Party of China and the current dual structures of urban and rural development, urban-rural differences are analyzed from the four aspects of production mode, management mode, culture and social division of labor. Industrial development in modern times has promoted the modernization of urban production in China. But the rural areas still maintain their traditional self-sufficient natural economy. After the Opium War, the process of modernization of city politics is promoted by more economic elements of capitalism and the formation of Chinese bourgeoisie. During the management of urban modernization, rural areas still adopt the traditional self-management mode. In the aspect of culture, city is the center of development, having large population, developed traffic, and prosperous culture. But the village is lack of information and its culture is relatively backward. In modern times, affected by the foreign capitalist, urban area has become the center of modern productivity. After separating from agriculture, handicraft industry has transferred into urban areas and the social division of labor in both urban and rural areas has shown great changes. Thus, a new pattern of "Urban Industry, Rural Agriculture" has formed.

Factors associated with the nurses’intent to stay in China,Japan,and Korea:an integrative review

Objective:Nurse’s dimission and attrition are globally considered as a public health issue.However,few studies have focused on the nurse shortage from the perspective of intent to stay,as previous studies have focused only on why they left.The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the factors connected with why nurses in China,Japan,and Korea stay in their current workplace.Methods:The review was done using three databases namely CNKI,Wanfang,and Web of science.The relevant studies published by Chinese,Japanese,and Koreans from 2010 were also included in this review.Literature screening and data extraction were performed by the two researchers,and the qualitative research methods were used for analysis.Results:A total of 17 studies were analyzed in this review and of these two were qualitative and 15 were quantitative.Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the synthesization of the data of 17 studies,which will help us to find the factors for nurses’intent to stay.The three aspects such as professional characteristics,nurses’individual characteristics,and organizational factors are the main contributing factors of nurses’intent to stay.Conclusions:This integrated review has thrown some important factors about nurses’intent to stay.It is increasingly clear that when(1)nurses have a good professional status,(2)nurses could enjoy a good working relationship,(3)the workplace could meet the needs of personal development,and(4)nurses have good organizational support and excellent leaders,they are inclined to stay in their current jobs.Managers need to adopt targeted measures to improve nurses’intent to stay and to provide a practical reference for health care institutions and managers in different countries and areas to increase the retention rate of nurses and to alleviate the current situation of nurse shortage.

China-Rwanda Relations Embrace New Opportunities in the New Era——An Exclusive Interview with Rwandan Ambassador to China Charles Kayonga

RWANDA, a landlocked country in Central and East Africa, is not well known by many ordinary Chinese. As President Xi Jinping started his state visit to the African country in late July, the frst paid by a Chinese president since the two countries established their diplomatic relations in 1971, people began to notice the “land of a thousand hills.”