Experimental and clinic-opathologic study on the relationship between transcription factor Egr-1 and esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To observe the growth suppression effect of exogenous introduction of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1 gene) on esophageal carcinoma tissue as well as on esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 and to explore the potential application of Egr-1 gene in gene therapy of tumor. METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid was introduced into Eca109 cell line which expressed no Egr-1 protein originally with lipofectamine transfection method. The introduction and expression of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid into Eca109 cell line was confirmed by G418 selection culture, PCR amplification of neogene contained in the vector, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis. The cell growth curve, soft agar colony formation rate and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were examined to demonstrate the growth suppression effect of exogenous Egr-1 gene on Eca109 cell line. The Egr-1 mRNA and Egr-1 protein were also detected in 50 surgical specimens of esophageal carcinoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Exogenous Egr-1 gene was introduced successfully into Eca109 cell line and expressed Egr-1 protein stably. The transfected Eca109 cell line grew more slowly than control Eca109 as shown by cell growth curves, the soft agar colony formation rate (4.0% vs 6.9%, P 【 0.01) and the average growth rate of tumor in SCID mice (35.5 +/- 7.6 vs 65.8 +/- 7.6, P 【 0.05). The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA and protein significantly increased in dysplastic epithelia adjacent to cancer rather than in cancer tissues (65.8% vs 20.0% by ISH and 57.9% vs 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exogenous Egr-1 gene shows the strong effect of growth inhibition in Eca109 cell line. Egr-1 in the cancer tissue shows down-regulated expression that supports the inhibited function of Egr-1 in cancer growth and suggests Egr-1 may have an important role in gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma.

Statistical Analysis of the Relationship between Macroscopic Anomalies and Earthquakes

Macroscopic anomalies from"Earthquake Cases in China"are statistically analyzed in this paper. The conclusion is as follows: The probability of occurrence of macroscopic anomalies before earthquakes increases with magnitude. The larger the earthquake magnitude, the more macroscopic anomalies appear. The temporal distribution of macroscopic anomalies is as follows: There are few macroscopic anomalies at beginning; as time goes on,the number of macroscopic anomalies increases; the increase of macroscopic anomaly quantity accelerates with the impending earthquake and reaches a climax when the earthquake breaks out. The spatial distribution pattern of macroscopic anomalies is as follows: macroscopic anomalies appear at the epicenter at the beginning,then spread out,and finally arise explosively at the epicenter area.

Comparison and Inspiration of the Theme of Relationship between Human Beings and Nature in the Field of Literature between China and the West

The relationship between human beings and nature influences the expressions and manifestations of literature. Literature can spy on the nature exploration of human society and ideological values in the thinking and behavior patterns,expressing the relationship between human beings and nature. Through expressions of literature in China and the West,we draw lessons from W estern literary expressions in the developing relationship between man and nature,and get inspiration for the development of Chinese literature.

Report for Investigating the Relationship between Human activities and Environment

It is well established that environmental pollutions are most popular topics recendy and the factor of that is a dominant element that is worth to investigate to large extent.According to lots of human performance so far,negative human activities are like to be a vital driving force of pollutions in some cases.Therefore,the relationship between environment and negative human performance should be researched,which can give better methods to protect natural environment.

A Brief Analysis of the relationship between the natural sciences and humanities and social science

With the continuous development of economic and social, the category of science is no longer limited to the technical field, natural science, humanities and social science have flourished, but the study of the relationship between the two disciplines is not perfect enough, so we should follow the academic trend, clarify the relationship between the two,only in this way can we have a more specific grasp of the science, this had a profound influence on the all-round development of modern society.

On the Relationship Between Human Rights and Sovereignty

The relationship between human lights and sovereignty is a key theoretical and practical issue that has aroused heated debate in the international human lights field. What are the viewpoints and positions of Western countries and developing countries on this issue？ What is the deeply rooted reason for this debate？ How can the relationship between the two be properly handled？ This article will analyze these questions.

On the Relationship between Human Rights Protection and Economic Development

British Economist Angus Maddison said that eco nomic development is a recent phenomenon inhuman history. Although human species have lived on the planet at least 2.5 million years, economic development only appeared around the 1850s. In pursuit of economic development, not all nationalities have been equally lucky. Among more than 200 countries in the world, only dozens of countries are devel oped. Onethird of the world＇s total population of 6.5 billion are living in poverty. In both developing and developed countries, the wealth gap is often obvious. Therefore, eco nomic development is the goal of each country, the aim of each politi cal party, and the wish of all people. However, economic development usually baffles people. As a result, understanding the relationship be tween economic development and human rights protection is a matter of urgency.

Industrial Dehumanization——Viewed from the husband and wife relationship in "Odour of Chrysanthemums"

Lawrence is regarded as one of most accomplished short story writers in twentieth century,with "Odour of Chrysanthemums" one of his early works.Through the death of a miner,the text shows how humanity was ruined by industrial civilization.This essay is intended to unveil the destructive force by analyzing the relationship between the husband and wife.

The Thought of the Oneness Between Man and Nature in Walden

From the view of the ecological theory, this paper tries to analyze that Thoreau uses Chinese traditional philosophical thought--- the oneness of man and nature to deal with the relationship of human beings and the nature in Walden.

Serological Survey of Zika Virus in Humans and Animals in Dejiang Prefecture, Guizhou Province,China

Objective The current outbreak of Zika virus(ZIKV)poses a severe threat to human health.Two ZIKV strains were isolated from mosquitoes collected from the Dejiang prefecture in China in 2016,which was the first isolation of ZIKV in nature in China.Methods In this study,serum samples were collected from 366 healthy individuals and 104 animals from Dejiang prefecture in 2017,and the plaque reduction neutralization test(PRNT)was used to evaluate the seroprevalence of ZIKV.Results None of the 366 residents from whom the samples were collected were seropositive for ZIKV.None of the 11 pigs from whom the samples were collected were seropositive for ZIKV,while 1 of 63(1.59%)chickens and 2 of 30(6.67%)sheep were seropositive for ZIKV.Conclusions The extremely low seropositivity rate of ZIKV antibodies in animals in the Dejiang prefecture,Guizhou province in this study indicates that ZIKV can infect animals;however,there is a low risk of ZIKV circulating in the local population.

Infection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in Humans and Livestock Animals: An Emerging Silent Threat for Bangladesh

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular, zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. It can potentially infect almost all mammalian and avian hosts including one-third of the human population world-wide. The major target group of the parasite includes immunocompromised patients (e.g. AIDS, cancer, organ transplantation) and fetus bearing pregnant women where it develops toxoplasmic encephalitis, myocarditis, chorioretinitis and abnormal fetal brain development or stillbirths respectively. In this review, we have presented the current status of T. gondii infection in livestock animals and human population in Bangladesh to assess the country-wide relative risk. Although exact prevalence is difficult to predict due to the scarcity of data, nevertheless existing literature suggests that 16% - 39% humans and 8% - 70% domestic animals are infected with T. gondii, which implies Bangladeshi population is at high risk of toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, we have proposed a potential area of research to decipher the genetic diversity and transmission routes of T. gondii infection into Bangladeshi population.

Clinical/Behavioral Monitoring of Rodents and Rabbits Undergoing Scientific Experiments

Background: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the performance of these activities mandatory for any experiment and professional working in this area. Assigning the severity of a research experiment is the result of an analysis of records of observations of the animal’s behavior, and clinical signs. The aim of this study was to describe the importance of carrying out a severity assessment associated with clinical and behavioral monitoring of rodents and rabbits during experimentation to maintain the welfare of these animals undergoing scientific research. Methods: The literature search was carried out using the following terms: “Monitoring”;“Humane endpoints”;“Animal welfare”, “Rodents”;“Rabbits”, and as connectors “and”;“or”, in the following databases: PubMed;LILACS/BIREME and SciELO. Results: A total of 987 articles were identified in the databases, and 20 of these studies were included in this review. Conclusions: Humane endpoint protocols and procedure severity tables are of the utmost importance, both from an ethical point and to refine the results of research conducted on laboratory animals. They should be drawn up jointly by the teams responsible for the project and the maintenance of the animals during the research period, and the data obtained should be published so that the scientific community can have access to it, helping to disseminate these practices, as well as helping to draw up new procedures. Monitoring and evaluating the welfare and clinical condition of animals undergoing scientific research procedures is the responsibility of the professors, researchers, veterinarians, and animal facility coordinators. The Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals must monitor all the activities conducted with the animals, by inspecting the experimental procedures and the physical environment of the laboratory animal facility where the animals are housed.

Selenium metabolism in animals and humans

The main purpose of this paper is to point out the differences in the metabolism of Se between animals and humans. This is not to imply that the work with animals is not applicable to human because the use of animals in Se research has greatly assisted in understanding Se metabolism in human subjects. It is fair to conclude that until results are confirmed in humans it is risky to draw conclusions on Se metabolism in human based solely on animal data. Although animals have provided some extremely useful information on metabolism of Se,there is convincing evidence to indicate that some features of Se metabolism are unique to human. A few examples were given to support this contention.

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i>Reveals No Differences between Canines and Their Owners

Introduction: The genus Malassezia comprises 17 species of commensal and pathogenic yeasts of homeotherms animal skin. The most common species are M. furfur, M. globosa, and M. sympodialis in humans and M. pachydermatis in animals. However, some publications have reported potentially serious human infections by M. pachydermatis in individuals with risk factors and the isolation of human species from domestic animals. Given the scarcity of information about their capacity for transmission between hosts and zoonotic potential, the aim of the present study was to physiologically and molecularly characterize Malassezia spp. isolates obtained from canines and their human owners. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted at the Veterinary Clinic of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales of Bogotá (Colombia) from July 2015 to December 2016. Phenotypic identification and molecular characterization via the amplification of the 5.8S rDNA- ITS2 and 26S rDNA gene regions, nucleic acid sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed on isolates originating from canines with otitis externa and from the skin of healthy owners compatible with Malassezia spp. Results: Eighty samples were cultured, of which 32 (40%) were suggestive of Malassezia spp. A total of 29 out of 46 (63%) isolates in canines and 3 out of 34 (9%) isolates in humans corresponded entirely with M. pachydermatis. Isolates from the canines and their owners presented similar behavior in biochemical and phospholipase activity tests, 100% molecular sequence identities, and close proximity in the phylogenetic trees. Conclusion: The isolation of M. pachydermatis from humans and their dogs with identity based on biochemical, physiological, molecular, and phylogenetic perspectives indicate the ability of this species to adapt to new hosts and its potential for zoonotic transmission. These findings contribute to knowledge of the ecology of this important fungus in human and veterinary medicine.

Ciprofloxacin Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Humans and Animals

Ciprofloxacin is generally well tolerated;the most common adverse effects include gastro intestinal tract, central nervous system and hematological system effects. Recently rising cases of Ciprofloxacin associated toxicity have been reported. Experiment using animal models and clinical experience showed that Ciprofloxacin induced cardiotoxicity is marked by increase QT and QTC interval and prolonged action potential duration. This increases the risk of arrhythmia (tosarde de pointes). Ciprofloxacin induced cardiotoxic effect could be associated with blocking cardiac voltage—gated potassium channels particularly the rapid component (IKr) of the delayed rectifier potassium current. Drug interaction with inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated metabolism could be one of the underlying mechanisms. Several cases of Ciprofloxacin induced hepatoxicity have been also reported. These were characterized by extensive hepatocellular necrosis, mixed inflammatory infiltrate and abundant esinophils in the liver. Elevated liver enzymes which include serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gramma-glutamyltranferase and prolong prothrobin time were reported. The hepatotoxic effect of Ciprofloxacin as reported could be due to oxidative stress induced in the liver by Ciprofloxacin through the generation of oxidative radicals leading to depletion of protein content in hepatocytes as a consequence of nucleic acids diminution and DNA damage. This may lead to significant decrease in the number and degeneration in mitochondria which is responsible for energy supply. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity is relatively low in humans but patients’ liver and cardiac function may be considered before Ciprofloxacin use.

Ontogeny of expression of transforming growth factor-βand its receptors and their possible relationship with scarless or scar-forming healing in human fetal and postnatal skins

Fetal eutaneous wounds that oeeur in earlygestation heal without sear formation.Althoughmueh work has been done to eharaeterize the roleof transforming growth

Between the Heaven and Human Beings: On the Idea of the Heaven and the Transformation of Poetry in the Mid-Tang Dynasty

The relationship between the Heaven and human beings is a central issue in the transformation of Confucianism in the Mid-Tang Dynasty.The discourses on the Heaven by Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,and Liu Yuxi helped to promote the transformation and greatly influenced the transformation in literature.The differences in the poetry among the three authors may also be interpreted from the perspective of their perceptions of the Heaven—Han Yu’s discourse on the Heaven focused on the enemy-relationship between the Heaven and human beings,so his poems always showed tension and loss.Liu Zongyuan was interested in the alienation between the heaven and human beings,so his poems were more rational and placid than Han Yu’s.However,Liu Yuxi’s discourse on the Heaven paid attention to the positive influence of the Heaven on human beings,and most of his poems were filled with reason.The changes in the relationship between the Heaven and human beings lead to the broadened themes,innovated vocabulary,diversified styles,and varied fresh imageries.Likewise,the relationship between the Heaven and human beings established in the Song Dynasty led accordingly to a new type of literature different from the Tang literature.

A Compendium of Shigatoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Origins, Bacteriological and Clinical Data on the Serogroups, Serotypes and Untypeable Strains of <i>E. coli</i>Reported between 1980 and 2017, Excluding O157:H7

The purpose of this paper was to create a compendium of serogroups, serotypes and untypeable strains of Shigatoxigenic/verotoxigenic (STEC/VTEC) Escherichia coli. The compendium includes the origins, bacteriological and clinical data on this important group of microbes. The collection of STEC/VTEC data extends from 1980 to 2017, and excludes STEC/VTEC O157:H7. A total of 499 papers were discovered and documented to create the compendium which includes all the serogroups and serotypes beginning with serogroup O1 through to serogroup O211 and includes O non-typeable strains and ill-defined strains including serotype O"54071":H7. The paper summarises the findings of 8010 E. coli isolates and includes all details including source (human or animal), and clinical condition/disease, serogroup and serotypes, country of origin, year reported, and the author(s) with cited references. Some twenty clinical conditions were shown in association with 4320 serotypes/and untypeable strains. The compendium is a record of an important group of STEC/ VTEC and should provide a useful resource for both researchers and clinicians.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE IN TRADITIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCEPTS OF CHINA AND WEST

As the process of economic globalization gathers momentum, dialogue between different cultures has become extremely important. There should be dialogue between the Chinese and Western cultures under the principle of equality and mutual respect and understanding to increase consensus for mutual development.