The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and the development strategy of a low-carbon economy in Kazakhstan

Fossil energy is the material basis of human survival, economic development and social progress. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is becoming increasingly close. However, energy consumption is the major source of greenhouse gases, which can significantly affect the balance of the global ecosystem. It has become the common goal of countries worldwide to address climate change, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and implement sustainable development strategies. In this study, we applied an approximate relationship analysis, a decoupling relationship analysis, and a trend analysis to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth using data from Kazakhstan for the period of 1993-2010. The results demonstrated： （1） the total energy consumption and GDP in Kazakhstan showed a ＂U＂-type curve from 1993 to 2010. This curve was observed because 1993-1999 was a period during which Kazakhstan transitioned from a republic to an independent country and experienced a difficult transition from a planned to a market economy. Then, the economic system became more stable and the industrial production increased rapidly because of the effective financial, monetary and industrial policy support from 2000 to 2010. （2） The relationships between energy con- sumption and carbon emissions, economic growth and energy exports were linked; the carbon emissions were mainly derived from energy consumption, and the dependence of economic growth on energy exports gradually increased from 1993 to 2010. Before 2000, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth was in a recessional decoupling state because of the economic recession. After 2000, this relationship was in strong and weak decoupling states because the international crude oil prices rose and energy exports increased greatly year by year. （3） It is forecasted that Kazakhstan cannot achieve its goal of energy consumption by 2020. Therefore, a low-carbon economy is the best strategic choice to address climate change from a global perspective in Kazakhstan. Thus, we proposed strategies including the improvement of the energy consumption structure, the development of new energy and renewable energy, the use of cleaner production technologies, the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, and the expansion of forest areas.

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy,eco-industry,cleaner production,and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable developinent. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.

Research on Coupling Relationship between Social Economy and Ecological Environment in Jinghe County of Aiby Lake Basin,Xinjiang

Based on the theory of sustainable development,using the theory and method of coupling relationship,the main city of Aiby Lake basin——Jinghe County in Xinjiang is selected. Based on the analyses of natural condition,population growth,land use type and ecological environment,the comprehensive evaluation index systems of socio-economic development level and eco-environment quality in Jinghe County are constructed. Using principal component analysis,a comprehensive evaluation of socio-economic development level and ecological environment quality in Jinghe County is conducted by combining with Excel. Their coupling relationship is studied,and quantitative coordination degree between social economy and ecological environment in Jinghe County is obtained. The results show that in recent 50 years,socio-economic development level in Jinghe County is rising,but the ecological environment quality is falling. Their coupling degree C changes during [- 1. 260, ＋ 0. 482],in other words,their coupling relationship is changing between ＂ reluctant coordination＂ and ＂ not coordination＂. After entering into the 21 stcentury,their coupling relationship is basically ＂ reluctant coordination＂. On this basis,the existing problems in the process of sustainable development in Jinghe County are analyzed,and the suggestions about promoting coordinated development between social economy and ecological environment are put forward.

Effects of Band Therapy Using Music on Grasping Power, Depression, and Personal Relationships in Nursing-Home-Dwelling Elderly Individuals

The current study examined the effects of band therapy using music on grasping power, depression, and personal relationships among residents of a nursing home. Thirty subjects participated in the study. The band therapy included greetings, warm-up exercises with music, singing with dance, playing instruments, closing speech, and stretching with background music. Band therapy was held for 40 minutes once per week, for a total of four sessions, in the activity room of the nursing home. Findings showed that grasping power, depression, and personal relationships were improved at posttest, but the differences were not statistically significant. A better study design to compare the effects of band therapy with the other group, and a more simple and repeated intervention for the elderly to follow without stress might be necessary.

China-India Relationship and Buddhism—From the perspective of the discursive practice of the White Horse Temple

India and China, even though close in distance, but distant in relationship. Recently, the world has witnessed the improvement of the bilateral relations between the two big nations. The White Horse Temple, as a site constructed by discourses has transformed from‘the first government-funded temple in China'to one of the symbols of China-India friendship in the cultural exchange between the two nations. Critical discourse analysis(CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice and focuses on the ways social and political domination are reproduced in text and talk. This paper, starts from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, is exploratory in that it aims to see how the discursive practice of the White Horse Temple constitutes the discourse of China-India relationship and is constituted by the power relationship between the two nations.

Birthing Systems, Bio-medicine and Gender-Based PowerRelationships: Patrilinearity and Childbirth in Amed(Est Bali, Indonesia)

This article offers an anthropological overview about birth processes in a small village in Bali.I would like to investigate how the naturalization of this event is often used to justify control over the physical and social body of women,their descendants and social group.Central focus of the analysis will be the consideration of how women’s position within society is determined by a complex system of rules,values,and medical practices deeply conditioning childbirth sphere that legitimates hierarchical divisions and gender inequality.

Major Power Relationship in the Aisa-Pacific:Its Impact on the Regional Security Cooperation

In recent years, the gradual deepening of the Asia-Pacific regional security co-operation led quite a few regional countries to ponder, when facing suddenshocks of the financial crisis and various incidents in the region, ways of quickeningthe regional multilateral security cooperation in the Asia-Pacific while further ex-panding bilateral cooperation. However, the recent repercussions between the bigpowers have made regional countries give second thoughts about the process of theregional security cooperation.

Review on China Power Economy in 2004 and Near-Term Prospects

This paper introduces overall policy and economic environment for power industry in China. Thepolicy environment tends to be favorable, while the economic environment seems worrisome. The latter ismainly due to energy transportation blocking and price escalating. The paper also introduces the performanceand development of listed power companies, and points out that the power stock market is still promising andpower industry is still valuable for investment.

Transitivity System and Power Relationship-Analysis of William Faulkner＇ s A Rose for Emily

This paper explores how transitivity system functions in the novel A Rose for Emily, especially how it builds up and reflects the suppression on Emily by Emily's father, who represents the patriarchal value system and by the citizens who represents the southern traditional value system. This paper also elaborates how Emily appeared to be powerless and was dominated by the two groups of power, and how her humanity and emotions were suppressed in the conflict of the two categories of power.

The relationships among structure variables of larch forests in China

Background:Larch(Larix Mill.)forests are widely distributed in the upper parts of mountainous areas in China,playing vital roles in constructing mountain landscapes and maintaining mountain environments.Despite their importance,our knowledges on the large-scale patterns of structure characteristics and the relationships between different structure variables are unclear.In this paper,we investigated 155 plots from 11 natural larch forest types across the country to explore the biogeographic patterns of the structure characteristics and the allometric relationships between different structure variables for Chinese larch forests.Results:The structure characteristics were significantly different among larch forest types.For different larch forest types,the power function fits the relationships between tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH),average DBH and stem density,and taper and stem density well,but with different exponents among larch forest types.The power exponents of the allometric relationships between tree height and DBH for different larch forest types varied from 0.61 to 0.93(mean=0.86)by standard major axis regression(SMA),and from 0.51 to 0.78(mean=0.56)by ordinary least square regression(OLS).The 50%,75%and 95%quantile regression(QR)and OLS indicated that the average DBH and taper of the L.gmelinii forests,L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii forests,and L.sibirica forests were significantly correlated with stem density.Conclusions:The relationship between tree height and DBH showed a power function relationship for all larch forest types in China,but with different exponents.Overall,stem density was negatively correlated with average DBH and taper.The Sect.Larix forests exhibited stand density effect.Our findings provide an important basis for recognizing the biogeographic patterns of structure factors and for the management of larch forests in China.

Antecedents of Microblogging Users’Purchase Intention Toward Celebrities’Merchandise:Perspectives of Virtual Community and Fan Economy

Over the last few decades,cross-fertilization between marketing and fandom studies in a mediated world has been rare,hindering the knowledge development for marketing practitioners in the Chinese fan economy context.The purpose of this study is to find and establish a conceptual framework that includes Online Interaction(OI),Parasocial Relationships(PSR)and virtual fan communities on Weibo,and how these contributory factors embedded in the interplay process of digital fandom practices in terms of enhancing fans’Purchase Intention(PI)and media consumption behaviours toward the celebrities’merchandise.Using an online survey instrument,this research collected 294 completed responses from fans who had online interactions with celebrities and engagement of virtual fan communities on Weibo.Key results and findings provided a clear framework of four antecedents based on the conceptual model and indicated that the high intensity of OI led to higher levels of the perception of PSR and the Sense of Virtual Community(SOVC).Increased PSR and the SOVC can be seen as significant positive predictors of the PI(a part of consumer identity construction as a fan)also.This study revealed the underlying mechanism of an emerging marketing genre,also provide useful implications of audiences’digital marketing practices for marketers,celebrities and policymakers.

Modeling the Force-Velocity Relationship in Arm Movement

Modeling the force-velocity dependence of a muscle-tendon unit has been one of the most interesting objectives in the field of muscle mechanics. The so-called Hill’s equation [1,2] is widely used to describe the force-velocity relationship of muscle fibers. Hill’s equation was based on the laboratory measurements of muscle fibers and its application to the practical measurements in muscle mechanics has been problematic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a new explicit calculation method to determine the force-velocity relationship, and test its function in experimental measurements. The model was based on the motion analysis of arm movements. Experiments on forearm rotations and whole arm rotations were performed downwards and upwards at maximum velocity. According to the present theory the movement proceeds as follows: start of motion, movement proceeds at constant maximum rotational moment (Hypothesis 1), movement proceeds at constant maximum power (Hypothesis 2), and stopping of motion. Theoretically derived equation, in which the motion proceeds at constant maximum power, fitted well the experimentally measured results. The constant maximum rotational moment hypothesis did not seem to fit the measured results and therefore a new equation which would better fit the measured results is needed for this hypothesis.

Review of demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes in future power systems

The widespread use of distributed energy sources provides exciting potential for demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes.Demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption systems are committed to coordinating the operation of distributed generation,energy storage,and load demand.Recently,with the development of Internet technology,sharing economy is rapidly penetrating various fields.The application of sharing economy in the energy sector enables more and more end-users to participate in energy transactions.However,the deployment of energy sharing technologies poses many challenges.This paper comprehensively reviews recent developments in demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes.The definition and classification of sharing economy are presented,with a focus on the applications in the energy sector:virtual power plants,peer-to-peer energy trading,shared energy storage,and microgrid energy sharing cloud.Challenges and future research directions are thoroughly discussed.

Enlightenment of New Economy on the Development of Chinese Economy

This paper summarizes the features of the new economy in America, and then analyses the differences between the new economy and Chinese economy with trade theories. At the last, this paper concentrates on study of strategies for China to develop economic internationalization.

Exploring landslide erosion volume-area scaling relationships by slip depth using changes in DTMs for basin sediment volume estimation

Landslides produce large quantities of sediment deposits and reduce reservoir life. This study investigated landslides at the Shihmen Reservoir basin in Taiwan that were induced by Typhoon Sinlaku and Typhoon Jangmi in 2008. We formulate scaling relationships between landslide erosion volume and area and conclude that sediment budget can be estimated based on the easier-todetermine landslide erosion area. The methodologies applied for the investigation were geomorphological analysis through 5 m × 5 m digital terrain models(DTMs) of the basin created before and after the landslide events and spatial analysis through a geographic information system. The erosion area and volume of landslides were measured through the subtraction of DTMs produced before and after the events. Statistical analysis revealed that the landslide erosion frequency–magnitude distribution exhibited power-law behaviors with a scaling exponent of 2.15 for the frequency–area distribution and 1.66 for the frequency–volume distribution. This paper proposes different scaling relationships for different moving depths, and landslide erosion volumes were estimated on the basis of depth; thus, landslides of different scales can be distinguished to avoid errors in volume estimation. Two different scaling exponents are proposed: 1.21 for landslide erosions with depths of less than 2 m and 1.01 for landslide erosions with depths of more than 2 m. The proposed scaling relationships are practical for landslide erosion volume estimation by different depths according to the landslide area, and they can provide preliminary results for sediment budget planning in a reservoir basin.

Big Power Relations under the Framework of the IOR-ARC

The Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation(IOR-ARC)has been highlighted in recent years by the Indian Ocean region’s growing in strategic and economic importance and the impetus from the participation of the Middle Eastern countries.Many powers,including the U.S.,China,Iran,and India,are involved in this organization as members or dialogue partners,which expand the influence of the organization on the one hand,and stand in the way of the integration of the region under the framework of IOR-ARC due to complex contradiction among them on the other.The role of IOR-ARC in diplomacy of different powers is various from an economic platform for expanding market to a political tool for pursuing regional dominance without a common strategic focus.The IOR-ARC provides a shared public platform of geopolitics for stakeholders to prevent overlapping interests from causing conflicts,and the stumbled cooperation process after initial general enthusiasm also reflects diverging interests inside it.In this regard,powers are both driving and dragging force to the organization.The IOR-ARC is of great potential as it includes many emerging economics and fastest-growing markets.However,the future development and efficiency of it still depends on the relationships among global and regional powers under its framework.

Application of Combined Cycle in Modernized Retrofit of Old Thermal Power Plants

This article expounds the advantages and three schemes of applying combined cycle to the modernized retrofit of old thermal power plants. Through analyzing and comparing technical economics of these three schemes, it is concluded that to use feedwater heating and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is suitable for the units with unit capacity below 100 MW, while to use exhaust gas reburning is suitable for units with unit capacity of 125 MW, 200 MW and above.

Research on main circuit parameter coupling relationship of single-phase shunt active power filter

There is a certain coupling relationship among the main circuit parameters of a single-phase shunt active power filter(SAPF),which has a great influence on the reasonable selection of various parameter values.By analyzing the calculation methods of the inductance of alternating current(AC)side and the voltage and capacitance values of direct current(DC)side in the existing single/three-phase SAPF main circuit,a specific single-phase SAPF circuit parameter analytical expression was obtained.Aiming at the coupling relationship among the variables in the resulting expression,the model was optimized and analyzed in MATLAB,and a complete set of parameters design scheme was obtained,which ensure the comprehensive optimization target of the post-harmonic content below 2% is compensated under a specific load.The simulation and experimental procedures verify the correctness of the selected parameters.

Exploring the Body Politics of Female Teachers from the Perspective of Intersectionality and Agency in Education Locale

This paper explores how the body discourses constructed by patriarchal culture influence individual＇s body viewpoint and form teachers＇ body image in educational fields in gender perspectives of feminisms and the concepts of power and discourse from Foucanlt. At the same time I will also demonstrate that the body politics of women teachers in secondary education do not represent the stable and rigid hierarchy of traditional teacher-student relationship but shape the subjectivity which are deployed and suffused as a capillary action by the disciplines and power relations interwoven by gender, sexuality, class and age throughout the individual＇s cognition and behavior, thus produce self-monitoring in the meantime monitoring others for social function. Finally, I will argue that how the subjectivity under the social structure and cultural norms generates an individual＇s agency of resistance and subversion to existing gender structures through reflectivity in the cracks produced by the collision, fragmentation, consultation within different discourses, and then finds the temporary strategic and political positioning and identity.