The Two Cultures of Science: Implications for University-Industry Relationships in the U.S. Agriculture Biotechnology

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.

A Brief Analysis of the relationship between the natural sciences and humanities and social science

With the continuous development of economic and social, the category of science is no longer limited to the technical field, natural science, humanities and social science have flourished, but the study of the relationship between the two disciplines is not perfect enough, so we should follow the academic trend, clarify the relationship between the two,only in this way can we have a more specific grasp of the science, this had a profound influence on the all-round development of modern society.

Italian Accounting of the Late 19th Century and the Early 20th Century on the Epistemological Problem of Connections With Related Sciences

This paper takes into consideration the doctrinal positions that are taken by Italian accounting in the period between the 19th and the 20th century, and concerns the nature of relationships between accounting and its most similar sciences, particularly economics. Over those years, the scholars in that field started to show a peculiar epistemological sensitivity. Spurred by the philosophical debate which was raised by positivism and particularly by Comte＇s and Spencer＇s studies, researchers wondered whether the most appropriate place for accounting was in the large field of social sciences. Hence, two different epistemological approaches arose with one succeeding the other in time. Initially, scholars accepted the idea that accounting somehow depended on its related sciences, which included economics. They deemed it convenient to use, also for their own purposes, principles drawn from contiguous doctrines that had already been scientifically recognized, such as economics. That was how Italian accounting happened to be, even though temporarily, in a position of ＂scientific subjection＂ with respect to the mentioned doctrines. At the second stage, due to the awareness of the specific subject and the method of investigation, as well as the purposes, Italian accounting claimed its own scientific autonomy, so scholars went back to the first phase and considered it necessary to develop internal principles and rules as a function of its peculiar needs. By doing so, scholars mapped out a route that would deeply mark the future of the discipline by making it fully independent on other fields of knowledge in a sort of emancipation process. The paper will not only describe the two theoretical positions which are summarized above, but will also adopt an interpretative approach to trace their possible causes and to grasp their effects on the development of the discipline, particularly with regards to the theories of value which is adopted by the Italian accounting over the analyzed period. In the authors＇ opinion, the attention paid by the most authoritative Italian accounting scholars to the epistemological theme of relationships between accounting and its similar sciences can be explained by at least two different causes： the influence which is exercised by the philosophical studies and the aspiration of accounting for scientific and academic recognition.

A retrospective view on the history of natural sciences in XX-XXI

The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).

Scientific Value of the Fenlong Tillage Erupting Super "Natural Forces" and Its Global Application

The concept of " natural forces" is proposed in farming field for the first time,and the core theory of Fenlong tillage is illustrated. This tillage method provides " super plough layer" and " super groundwater reservoir" by the machine,including six vertical spiral drills,can smash the soil vertically,without disorganizing soil layer. And this tillage method releases five " natural forces" with infinite space and time,including natural soil activation forces,natural fertility forces,natural water control forces,natural environment improvement forces,and natural river driving forces by activating various land resources. Fenlong tillage can significantly increase the source of high-quality food for human,and solve the problem of natural disasters by natural forces curing itself. It is proposed that the implementation of the " six key projects" by the " natural forces" of Fenlong tillage can solve the deep problems in China. The researchers suggest establishing Fenlong tillage great science engineering which could solve the problem of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. The present results indicate that Fenlong tillage erupts super natural forces with infinite space and time,which can be used as a deep tillage practice to maintain the natural and environmental beauty of the earth forever.

An Historical Inquiry on Geometry in Relativity： Reflections on Early Relationship Geometry-Physics （Part Two）

In order to present an historical discussion on spherical geometry in relativity between the 19th-20th centuries, the current research divided into two parts-papers is presented. Part I： Reflections on geometry-physics relationship is an excursus focusing on the role played by geometry in history and its relationship with physics. Part II： Reflections on Late Relationship Geometry-Physics is an epistemological investigation on the history of the foundations of geometry in special relativity focusing in S4（0, x, y, z, O. In this sense, the two parts are complementary. By considering the large literature, we decided to present the main and basic accredited references, maybe useful for very young scholars, as well.

Proper Management of the Asia-Pacific Affairs—— On the Division-and-integration of the Asia-Pacific Region and the Regional Integration Strategy

The international administrative theory is the essential tool of the international and regional integration,but it lacks macro reference of history. Based on the regional society system of ancient China,this paper discusses international administrative tools including countries,nations and people,and makes comparison of the economic capital,administrative organization and institutional norm of Europe,America and Asia. Through research,this paper concludes that the regional theory of China has both historic and practical significance.

新质生产力推动经济社会高质量发展探析

新质生产力是新兴产业和未来产业的崭新探索,是解决新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手,是由粗放发展向高质量发展转型的必由之路。加快形成和转型新质生产力,就是抓住了中国式现代化和高质量发展的关键环节。形成新质生产力是推动其他领域现代化的源头活水,是推动经济社会高质量发展的重要动力,是解决新时代社会主要矛盾变化的关键一招,是数字融合和促进未来产业、新兴产业的关键环节。目前我国仍面临着数字实体融合进程受阻、整体创新能力不足、资源环境较脆弱、人口老龄化等现实困境。在中国式现代化进程中,以新质生产力推动经济社会高质量发展必须坚持创新是第一动力的核心地位,加快建设科技强国;坚持完善科技创新体系,加快实现高水平科技自立自强;坚持以战略性新兴产业、未来产业为主要阵地;全方位提高劳动者素质,为新质生产力的形成和发展提供人才保障。以真正实现新质生产力的跃升为高质量发展提供有效支撑和持续动力,才能不断推进中国式现代化伟大征程行稳致远。

自然地理学与人文地理学整合之我见

在当代地理学中,自然地理学与人文地理学两个分支学科分裂严重,从论题到发表乃至对话对象。因此两者的关系值得讨论。维持地理学的综合性有助于发挥地理学的优势,应对综合性问题、全球性问题。人地关系和区域地理学是避免地理学分裂的具体途径,GIS可以成为弥合两者的工具。大众对地理学的科普需求是区域地理,这是地理学满足社会需求需要的重要方式。着眼于科学普及的区域地理学著作有助于提高学科的社会认同度。

知识网络视角下科学、技术、产业间创新驱动关系识别方法研究

开展科学、技术、产业之间创新驱动关系研究,对于实现科学发现、技术创新与产业的深度有效融合与发展具有重要意义。本文从知识网络视角展开科学、技术、产业间创新驱动关系识别方法研究。首先,通过构建时效知识网络,利用社区网络结构熵来表征知识网络结构特征;其次,利用网络结构特征信息间的传递熵探究创新过程中科学、技术、产业三个系统相互驱动的关系;再其次,采用互信息探测主要驱动关系下知识传递路径的变化特点;最后,以再生医学(干细胞)领域作为实证对象,实证研究发现不同时间阶段,科学、技术、产业之间的相互驱动关系会发生转变,三者知识传递路径上知识内容前后继承关系也不同,科学驱动技术过程中的知识传递路径继承性特征持续增强,而技术驱动科学过程中的知识传递路径继承性呈现不稳定、非连续性特征。此外,通过多种方式论证了本文方法的科学有效性,可以用于其他创新领域科学、技术、产业间创新驱动关系的识别。

石家庄市县域科技创新与经济发展耦合协调关系时空演变

选取石家庄市13个县域单元作为研究区域,构建科技创新能力和经济发展水平评价指标体系,计算评价指数,测算两者的耦合协调度,使用ArcGIS绘制空间分布图,深入剖析科技创新能力、经济发展水平以及两者耦合协调关系的时空演变特征。研究发现:全市县域科技创新能力和经济发展水平呈现较强的正相关性,且都在2010—2017年间提升速度较快,而在2019年之后提升速度呈减慢的趋势。2010—2021年经济发展水平指数均高于科技创新能力指数,但后者提升速度高于前者,表明石家庄市各县域科技创新能力滞后于经济发展水平,但科技创新能力的发展势头较好。2010年以来,全市县域耦合协调度呈现上升趋势,但耦合协调度与科技创新能力和经济发展水平的变化趋势相似,即2018年之前的提升速度要快于2018年之后。2021年,全市县域耦合协调度等级为“勉强协调发展”,协调发展水平较低,有待进一步提升。

非正式关系网络参与社区科普的实践路径

党的二十大报告指出,要增强城乡社区群众自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督的实效。科学理性认知氛围是场域内危机事件处理的关键要素。社区科普有利于夯实社区治理基础应对突发事件、构建学习型社区、促进文明社会形成、推动全过程民主的基层实现。非正式关系网络参与社区科普能够提升社区科普有效供给率、促进社区管理向社区治理转化、调动社区知识精英力量参与社区治理、深度嵌入居民生活开展科普宣传。其实践路径主要包括整合科普主体、推动组织赋权、构建协商制度、搭建数字平台等。但非正式关系网络参与社区科普也面临着可持续性、弱结构与强任务的不匹配以及行政威权排斥专业权威等问题。因此,要更好地推进非正式关系网络社区科普实践的正面建构。

伟大建党精神融入高校思政课教学的路径审思

伟大建党精神是百年来中国共产党人高尚精神品质的集中体现,为高校思政课教学提供了生动鲜活的素材。将伟大建党精神融入高校思政课教学,对于实现高校思政课“立德树人”目标、厚植大学生爱国主义情怀和激励大学生奋发有为具有重要价值。在实际教学中,应该充分从建设教师队伍、丰富教学内容、创新教学方式和强化教学实践等方面着手,探索伟大建党精神融入高校思政课教学的路径。

基于ISM模型的邮轮航线要素分析及优化研究

在全球经济增长乏力的情况下,我国邮轮产业方兴未艾,围绕着南海开发,中国—东盟合作前景一片广阔。本文以粤港澳大湾区为邮轮母港出发地,以邮轮航线优化要素为影响因子,建立要素解释结构模型,分析邮轮航线要素对优化方案的重要性程度,以及各个要素之间的影响关系。

中国文章学巨著的阐释与应用

《〈文心雕龙〉精义今释》内容丰赡、精义迭出,呈现出“开宗明义、提出己见”“以‘文’为线,勾连各章”“道以文明,泽被后世”等特点。全书论断明晰、指导现实,具有学术价值和现实价值。本书也是内蒙古师范大学龙学团队为龙学界奉上的又一部新的力作。

国立西南联合大学文科研究生培养模式的内容、特点及启示

全面抗战时期,西南联大弦歌不辍,对文科研究生培养进行了卓有成效的探索。云南昆明相对稳定的社会环境、文科教育深厚的历史传统以及凝聚民心的实现需要,为西南联大文科研究生培养奠定了基础。西南联大恢复文科研究生教育,逐步确立了严格的招考制度,通过实施导师制、建立课程体系、开展多样化的科研训练等途径,形成了较为完善的文科研究生培养模式,并通过实施毕业考核、奖助学金等制度保障了研究生培养质量。西南联大培养了许多优秀的文科人才,研究生培养呈现出严进严出、课程教学与科学研究相结合、导学关系和谐融洽等特点,对当下研究生教育的改革与发展有启示意义。

“大思政”视角下高等教育理工科课程思政新格局的构建研究

采用文献查阅、座谈调研等研究方法,融合了包含一线师生和教学管理人员的诉求以及社会对高等理工科教育的思政诉求,提出了包含四个步骤的“大思政”视角下高等教育理工科课程思政建设“同频共振”新格局的构建框架,为高等教育理工科课程思政建设“深水区”改革提供了宏观级、系统级以及应用级的建设参考方案。

创造性与“新文科”的现代取向——以“第一轴心期”转向“第二轴心期”为背景

一般认为,大理科是以创造性为基本取向的学科,大文科则以秩序的供给呈现出保守的一面。其实这是一个误解。创造性是现代科学文化、人文文化与社会科学文化的共同特征。人文社会科学知识的刷新,也就是它的创造性,丝毫也不弱于大理科。从传统文化的“两创”扩展出来的新文科“两创”命题,促使人们意识到大文科在维护人文价值与创新知识体系上的双重责任。文科在目前大学体制中的被动处境,是文科新旧更替的现实动力。新文科需要以当下的“现代”品格确立其学科特性,以求新文科能够成功顺应科技革命掀起的知识变革大潮,让新文科能够重现“第一轴心期”的人文学辉煌,一改文科尾随理工科的颓势。为此,文科需要祛除“无用即大用”的自辩自限,以学科的跨越、知识的综合、当下“现代”呈现的“第二轴心期”的全新解释为取径,确立自己的宏大使命。新文科之“新”的根本含义即在于此。

基于大数据元分析的调节效应识别:基础模型与实证检验

作为实证研究中识别因果关系的一种重要方法,调节效应检验有助于揭示自变量和因变量之间的深层次关系,然而该方法存在无法获得真实效应值且外部效度低等问题。受限于原始研究与生俱来的缺陷,循证领域亟待发展出新的调节效应识别模型。本研究采用大数据循证理念,利用循环方法对控制变量进行排列组合,从而模拟了“穷尽”所有可能的原始研究设计,对全部可能的变量间关系进行了回归分析并记录所有效应值。进而,使用元分析法对全部原始效应量进行全覆盖式合并,以获得真实的效应值,以此提升调节效应结果的外部效度。最后,本研究以信息贫困研究为例,详细展示了大数据循证视角下调节效应识别的所有流程。本研究的主要贡献在于完善了大数据循证理念下的元分析方法体系,从大量原始研究效应中提取了真实效应值,提高了调节效应的外部效度与因果关系识别的可靠性。

地域类型视角下中国旅游学的知识体系构建

中国旅游学的学科体系建设关键在于中国旅游学自主的知识体系构建,新时代旅游研究亟待探索具有本土化、时代化和谱系化的旅游学知识体系。中国旅游发展的地域实践是中国式旅游现代化在地域空间上的表征,蕴含了独具中国特色的实践经验和实践理性,为中国旅游学自主的知识体系构建提供了“富矿”。因此,文章基于地域类型的研究视角,立足人地关系地域系统的理论基础和国土空间规划“三区三线”与中国旅游发展的实践基础,遵循知识管理和学科体系建设的价值原则,系统逻辑、时空逻辑和尺度逻辑的认识论原则以及类型学的方法论原则,构建地域类型视角下中国旅游学的知识体系。结果表明,中国地域类型旅游是一个极为复杂的动态演化过程,城市旅游、乡村旅游、自然保护地旅游和遗产地旅游是其主要组成部分,共同构成了“三大主体”和“一个特殊”的中国旅游学知识体系。在更为鲜活的中国旅游发展实践中,地域类型旅游呈现出尺度嵌套、尺度重组和尺度跃迁的融合发展现象,城市群“乡土-生态”空间是地域类型旅游协同发展的重要空间载体,山脉、河流、国家文化公园、高铁等线性介质深刻影响了旅游地的空间结构、空间功能和空间关系,为进一步构建地域类型视角下中国旅游学的知识体系提供了发展方向。中国旅游学的知识体系构建是建设具有中国特色、中国气派、中国风格的旅游学的重要途径,为推动中国旅游研究的国际化、旅游业和旅游地的可持续发展提供支撑。