Right to Health or the Human Right of Access to Essential Healthcare

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the human right to health and well-being including medical care, but for the majority of people whom are not covered by health insurance this is better said than done. Ensuring the access of all citizens to the needed medical care requires the provision of health insurance coverage to a population pool and gradually expanding the pool to the whole nation. The ethical perspective of pooling resources across various groups of people with different levels of income and different health risks associated with age, genetics, and lifestyle, may raise the issue of individual autonomy versus social solidarity. Governmental, social, private, and community-based healthcare coverage have been used in different countries with varying details in the sources of funding, pooling of contributions, and the purchase of the covered healthcare services; these models have had varying levels of success depending on not only the availability of funds, but also on the political commitment of the state and the social solidarity and cultural attitude of the population towards universal healthcare. Therefore, universal healthcare requires not only a certain level of economic development, but also a strong sense of solidarity among the people as well as a political commitment in their government. I argue that the statement regarding the right to health, well-being, and medical care needs to be rethought, and instead universal access to essential healthcare should be regarded as a basic human right.

Interpretation of the Concept of the Right to Internet Access from the Perspective of International Law

The advent of the internet era breeds a new concept, namely, the right to internet access. Many countries and international organizations, as well as individuals, are advocating or have already embodied it as a basic human right, thus enhancing the issues of whether it should be incorporated into the macro system of international human rights. By analyzing the facts, this article points out that the international concept of the right to internet access should be distinguished from its domestic concept, for there are no legal sources about the right to internet access for guidance as with some treaties in the current international law, despite its close relationship with some existing rights such as the freedom of speech, press and assembly, or the right of equality, or the right to development. And there is still a long time before the legal value and related responsibilities as well as the boundaries about the right to internet access becomes a consensus in the international society. Even though there is quite a possibility, this right hasn’t been embodied as part of international human rights, and thus hasn’t made a legal concept in international human right law.

The Rights of Persons Charged with Penal Offences to Access to Lawyers——A comparison between international and domestic laws

I. Getting help from lawyers and its realization according to international standards The right to defense for a person involving in a law suit is a universal human right. Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides： ＂Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.＂ This means （1） the right to defence is a basic human right due to all persons charged with a penal offence; （2） it is a basic requirement for the principle of presumption of innocence and fair trial; and （3） the realization of the fight needs practical and effective guarantees.

Media and Human Rights Education——A Probe into the Possibility of News Coverage from the Viewpoint of the Human Rights Framework

At the present time, mass me- dia and new media play an important part in establish- ing and constructing a civil society. This paper will focus on educa- tional roles of the media and will probe the major experiences and challenges related to constructing news events with human rights as the framework.

Reassessing Human Rights VS Democracy of the Public:A Necessary Challenge?

Today,we are witnessing a profound transformation of the dominant model of representative democracy which is increasingly giving way to a new form of democracy of the public,as Bernard Manin defined it.In a democracy of the public,parties tend to personalise themselves,becoming machines serving one particular person,who embodies public feelings.Participation and social organization within the territory are progressively replaced by a widespread communication and social media framework where the citizens become just passive spectators.To this,we must add that the spectacularisation of the current democratic systems,adopted to satisfy the audience,leads to negative effects on the protection of fundamental rights.This article will analyse the aspects that characterise the democracies of the public,and their social and legal effects on the consideration of human rights.The article goes further without being limited to this issue.In fact,it wants to emphasise the way human rights are crucial to bolstering democracies,rather than merely the other way around.Doctrines and politics have frequently emphasised the need for democracy,and,more specifically,the export of democracies to advance human rights.Contrarily,a shift in perspective is required in order to preserve liberal democracies.

Challenges and New Directions of Information Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in China: From the Perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Accessibility is the basis and prerequisite for persons with disabilities to enjoy and exercise all human rights and fundamental freedoms With the rapid development of the internet, providing and promoting information accessibility is considered an important obligation for the State In the process of transforming international human rights law into domestic law, how to deal with the human rights protection of persons with disabilities and the obligations of the private sector to ensure persons with disabilities receive services and products that meet the requirements and principles of information accessibility has become a development issue in the new era Against the backdrop of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and in the context of the booming development of the cause of persons with disabilities in China, legal scholars, persons with disabilities, and organizations have jointly proposed the Beijing Initiative on the Principles of Information Accessibility for Science and Technology Products It clarifies that the private sector should embrace the human rights model advocated by the Convention in terms of information accessibility, and provide equal participation for persons with disabilities in the process of designing, producing and selling scientific and technological products The Initiative also states that the private sector should keep pace with the United Nation’s sustainable development goals and the basic national policy of building a well-to-do society in an all round way, ensuring persons with disabilities are included within a moderately well-off society It also provides civil opinions on the formulation and clarification of relevant laws in the future.

The Traditional Media and the Social Movement： A Study of Approaches on Brazilian and Spanish Newspapers About Landless Movements and Human Rights

In this paper, we make an argument around two elements greatly connected on the setting of neoliberal globalization： traditional media and social movements. More specifically, our proposition in this research is to conduct a comparative study of online versions of two newspapers, the Brazilian newspaper Folha de S^o Paulo and the Spanish El Mundo. Considering this, we analyze the coverage of these vehicles in 2010, a period of presidential elections in Brazil, on the MST （Landless Movement） from the perspective of DH （human rights） Adopting a critical, historical, and dialectical view, we use the theoretical assumptions of Roland Barthes Douglas Kellner, Joaquin Herrera Flores, and David S~.nchez Rubio

Percutaneous transhepatic access for catheter ablation of a patient with heterotaxy syndrome complicated with atrial fibrillation:A case report

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common arrhythmias,and radiofrequency catheter ablation is the most effective treatment strategy.The inferior vena cava(IVC)is a common approach for radiofrequency ablation of AF.However,this approach may not be applied to some cases such as chronic venous occlusions,surgical ligation of the IVC,and heterotaxy syndrome(HS).CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with HS suffered from severely symptomatic persistent AF for 9 years,and we successfully ablated by percutaneous transhepatic access.CONCLUSION In patients without femoral vein access,the use of the hepatic vein for pulmonary vein isolation is a viable alternative for invasive electrophysiology procedures.

In Bangla There Is No Word for Vagina —Reflections on Language, Sexual Health, and Women’s Access to Healthcare in Resource-Limited Countries

Language plays a central role in how gender and sexuality are described. In Bangla or Bengali, physicians, when educating and counseling women patients, do not have a socially acceptable word for “vagina”. If language is missing for female genitalia or important female sexual functions, could this absence reflect on the position of women in society, reproductive rights, and access to healthcare? Is there a relationship between language and the high rates of the gender-based cervical and breast cancers in some low and middle-income countries? This commentary examines scholarship on the topic of language, the female body, gender-based violence, disparities of healthcare for women, and the consequences of language on sexual attitudes and health.

Kenya and the Emerging Power-Shift in Global Political-Economy: Right-Wing Populism and Social Media Activism

A potential global power transition characterized by emerging economies of BRICS where China is the likely leading contender against the United States as the only global hegemon seems inevitable.The increasingly multipolar world is evidenced by the attention given to right-wing populism in Europe and USA attributed to China’s aggressive approach to international trade through its stealth entry and subsequent investments in global political-economy.China’s presence in Africa and Trump’s America first policy’s attempt to open“new business frontiers”in emerging economies of Asia and Africa in order to contain Chinese influence and threat in global hegemony are interesting happenstances that require closer scrutiny.Kenya,the biggest economy in East Africa,which is among the fastest growing regions globally,is the gateway to the East African Common Market.Historically,Kenya has a policy of non-alignment in international relations making it possible to receive FDI from both China and the US but with highly contested elections.Therefore,Kenya presents a perfect laboratory for examining the emerging power-shift in global political-economy as the country grapples with traditionally chaotic electoral power transitions and the two biggest economies in the world compete for business in Nairobi.The 2017 elections not only betrayed the international community’s commitment to Western values of human rights and democracy,but also revealed the challenges of governance in post-World War II global liberalism characterized by sophisticated media institutional spaces.

Protection of the Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities in China:Ideas,System and Challenges

People under the interpretation of Chinese culture have multiple values It emphasizes not only people in the collective sense, but also individuals in the individual meaning According to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, respecting and protecting the dignity and rights of persons with disabilities is the duty of the State and the whole of society, and one of the core values of the Constitution The protection system for the rights and interests of persons with disabilities in China has basically taken shape, with positive progress in the protection of the right to rehabilitation, the right to education, and the right to employment However, there are different challenges We should continue to promote the rule of law for persons with disabilities and build a more complete system for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities.

DNBP-CCA:A Novel Approach to Enhancing Heterogeneous Data Traffic and Reliable Data Transmission for Body Area Network

The increased adoption of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technologies has resulted in the widespread use ofBody Area Networks (BANs) in medical and non-medical domains. However, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4-based BANs is impacted by challenges related to heterogeneous data traffic requirements among nodes, includingcontention during finite backoff periods, association delays, and traffic channel access through clear channelassessment (CCA) algorithms. These challenges lead to increased packet collisions, queuing delays, retransmissions,and the neglect of critical traffic, thereby hindering performance indicators such as throughput, packet deliveryratio, packet drop rate, and packet delay. Therefore, we propose Dynamic Next Backoff Period and Clear ChannelAssessment (DNBP-CCA) schemes to address these issues. The DNBP-CCA schemes leverage a combination ofthe Dynamic Next Backoff Period (DNBP) scheme and the Dynamic Next Clear Channel Assessment (DNCCA)scheme. The DNBP scheme employs a fuzzy Takagi, Sugeno, and Kang (TSK) model’s inference system toquantitatively analyze backoff exponent, channel clearance, collision ratio, and data rate as input parameters. Onthe other hand, the DNCCA scheme dynamically adapts the CCA process based on requested data transmission tothe coordinator, considering input parameters such as buffer status ratio and acknowledgement ratio. As a result,simulations demonstrate that our proposed schemes are better than some existing representative approaches andenhance data transmission, reduce node collisions, improve average throughput, and packet delivery ratio, anddecrease average packet drop rate and packet delay.

Geospacial information utilized under the access control strategy

This paper introduces a solution to the secure requirement for digital rights management （DRM） by the way of geospacial access control named geospacial access control （GeoAC） in geospacial field. The issues of authorization for geospacial DRM are concentrated on. To geospacial DRM, one aspect is the declaration and enforcement of access rights, based on geographic aspects. To the approbation of digital geographic content, it is important to adopt online access to geodata through a special data infrastructure （SDI）. This results in the interoperability requirements on three different levels： data model level, service level and access control level. The interaction between the data model and service level can be obtained by criterions of the open geospacial consortium （OGC）, and the interaction of the access control level may be reached by declaring and enforcing access restrictions in GeoAC. Then an archetype enforcement based on GeoAC is elucidated. As one aspect of performing usage rights, the execution of access restrictions as an extension to a regular SDI is illuminated.

The Main Responsibility and Reinforcement Strategy of Government in Emergency Communication Management

In modern state management system,“as the provider of public services,the maker of public policies,the manager of public affairs and the executor of public power,the government has the obligation to assume the main responsibility in emergencies”(Wang,2010).China’s Constitution,Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China,and other laws have clarified the legal responsibility of the government in emergency response.The degree and effect of the government’s responsibility fulfillment determine whether emergency response successes or not.The government should fully fulfill its responsibility in emergency communication and management,innovate social governance,guarantee the right to know,strengthen public opinion guidance,and improve the ability to deal with the media.

The Implementation of the Marrakesh Treaty in China:Theoretical Disputes and Institutional Arrangements

The Marrakesh Treaty is an international treaty specifically concluded by the World Intellectual Property organization(WIPo)to address the“book famine”for people who are blind,visually impaired,or otherwise print disabled.It uses the tools of copyright law and policy for the purpose of human rights.Prior to the conclusion of the Marrakesh Treaty,the international intellectual property treaties were all focused on intellectual property protection and the higher level of protection.The Marrakesh Treaty is the first international intellectual property treaty to highlight the limitation and exceptions of rights and explicitly use human rights discourse.There were some theoretical disputes during the negotiation of the Marrakesh Treaty,mainly because the international community failed to reach a consensus on such basic theoretical issues as the relationship between copyright and human rights and the legal nature of the Marrakesh Treaty.When implementing the Marrakesh Treaty in domestic law,China should face theoretical disputes,coordinate the protection of copyright and the promotion of human rights on the basis of its national conditions,and make corresponding institutional arrangements.

Internet access, usage and trust among medical professionals in China:A web-based survey

Objectives:Social media has changed methods of communication in the medical profession.As part of a"doctor as communicator"strategy,Chinese medical professionals are actively embracing social media,which may have an impact on tense physician-patient relationships in China.This paper aims to examine a pattern of Internet access,Internet usage,and trust among Chinese medical professionals and further explores the reasons for these relationships on an individual level.Designs:A web-based questionnaire was designed,based on a media literacy model,and was divided into 3 dimensions:public information,general medical information,and specialty information.After a two-round pilot study,1001 physicians were included.Additionally,4 interviewees were chosen to participate in in-depth interviews and content analysis was performed.Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.Results:Findings showed that new media has become a major approach for medical professionals in China to retrieve and get access to various information.However,they still trust traditional media(n=1001,P<0.01)and professional journals more(n=1001,P<0.01).Internet access,usage,and trust were positively correlated(r-0.185-0.344,P<0.01).Regarding usage habits,47.66%of the participating physicians would practice science popularization through their new media accounts and 71.23%would forward approved health information within their professional realm.A validated instrument can be provided for further related studies.Conclusions:Science popularization is a specific usage of new media among Chinese medical professionals,through which they have achieved new authority and empowered communication because of self-media.To some extent,physician-patient relationships in China can be improved because this online interaction is conducive to building harmonious and lasting offline physician-patient relationships.

Security analysis of access control model in hybrid cloud based on security entropy

To resolve the problem of quantitative analysis in hybrid cloud,a quantitative analysis method,which is based on the security entropy,is proposed.Firstly,according to the information theory,the security entropy is put forward to calculate the uncertainty of the system' s determinations on the irregular access behaviors.Secondly,based on the security entropy,security theorems of hybrid cloud are defined.Finally,typical access control models are analyzed by the method,the method's practicability is validated,and security and applicability of these models are compared.Simulation results prove that the proposed method is suitable for the security quantitative analysis of the access control model and evaluation to access control capability in hybrid cloud.

History-Based Backoff Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network consisting of mobile devices (laptops, smart phones, etc.) that move and communicate with each other without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized server to avoid collisions which have negative effects on the performance of the network. Access to the shared media is controlled by a Backoff algorithm that is a part of the Media Access Protocol. In this paper, we improve the History Based Probabilistic Backoff (HPPB) algorithm by modifying the increment/decrement behavior of the Contention Window to introduce History Based Increment Backoff (HBIB) algorithm which outperforms HBPB in terms of throughput and end-to-end delay with various numbers of nodes and different traffic loads.

Reversible Immobilization of Chelating Affinity Surfactants on Reversed Phase Adsorbents for Protein and Peptide Separations under Metal Affinity Chromatography

Alkyl-bound silica was modified using chelating surfactants and the resulting adsorbent was used in immobilized metal affinity chromatography of proteins and peptides. Brij-76, a non-ionic amphiphilic surfactant with an alkyl moiety and an ethylene oxide chain, was reversible adsorbed to alkyl silica (C18). The hydroxyl group at the end of the ethylene oxide chain was chemically modified previously with an iminodiacetate functionality as chelating agent of transitional metal ions. Cu(II) was studied as immobilized ion for the adsorption of peptides and proteins. Three chromatographic supports were prepared having different Cu(II) capacities. For a low Cu(II) capacity case, the generated adsorbent behaved as a controlled access media preventing the adsorption of large molecular weight proteins, such as BSA, while small peptides, such as Angiotensin III, or amino acids could be retained. For a medium and high Cu(II) capacity, the synthesized adsorbent no longer behaved as a controlling access media and all molecules in this study, either large or small, were retained by the immobilized ion. Nonetheless, most of the BSA was strongly retained by the system and a pH change did not remove any of the adsorbed BSA while the small molecules were removed by the same pH change.