The novel The Rise and Fall of Wing Shing Street delves into the reality of Hong Kong residents deeply attuned to spatial awareness but detached from temporal significance,entangling emotions surrounding time and spac...The novel The Rise and Fall of Wing Shing Street delves into the reality of Hong Kong residents deeply attuned to spatial awareness but detached from temporal significance,entangling emotions surrounding time and space.Through narrative interruption and extension,the author portrays the genuine struggles of Hong Kong inhabitants-juxtaposing the blurred boundaries of time and space and the inherent rootlessness of reality within a fictionalized framework.Emphasizing the 20th-century human condition,wherein spatial awareness overshadows temporal understanding,the novel underscores the consequences:a loss of history and cultural identity.With a fresh perspective,the narrative explores the interplay of time and space,accentuating both the fictitious and authentic dimensions.This prompts readers to reconsider their history,culture,and the current moment,ultimately highlighting the pivotal role of temporal awareness.展开更多
From the Industrial Revolution to the World War,the past three centuries have witnessed the development and rise and fall of Great Britain.Great Britain,an island country with a total area of about 240,000 square kilo...From the Industrial Revolution to the World War,the past three centuries have witnessed the development and rise and fall of Great Britain.Great Britain,an island country with a total area of about 240,000 square kilometers,enjoys a very important place in the world in modern history.Great Britain was the first industrial country and created the epoch-making laissez-faire capitalism and built a sun-never-set empire.It was also the leadership of the world from the middle of 18^th and to the middle of 19^th century.In retrospect to the rise of Great Britain,we can easily see that it was by relying on an innovative culture that the island country became a great power in Europe and then became the dominant empire in the world.This innovative character permeates in all kinds of culture including industrial,military,technological,politic and diplomatic.As for the main cause of Great Britain’s rise,this thesis attempts to analyze from three aspects,that is,the emancipation of mind,the advancement of military power,and the development of technology.After the World War,Great Britain began to suffer a decline in status and was reduced to a second class developed country.That is also because the conservative factor in its culture which blocks its development and the potential to innovate new things.The past years has witnessed the fall of the empire and also left us much inspiration.Take the history as a mirror,the thesis will focus on the“English disease”and influence of the World War to make an analysis on Great Britain’s fall.A conclusion of inspiration would also be included.展开更多
A winding system is a time-varying system that considers complex nonlinear characteristics,and how to control the stability of the winding tension during the winding process is the primary problem that has hindered de...A winding system is a time-varying system that considers complex nonlinear characteristics,and how to control the stability of the winding tension during the winding process is the primary problem that has hindered development in this field in recent years.Many nonlinear factors affect the tension in the winding process,such as friction,structured uncertainties,unstructured uncertainties,and external interference.These terms severely restrict the tension tracking performance.Existing tension control strategies are mainly based on the composite control of the tension and speed loops,and previous studies involve complex decoupling operations.Owing to the large number of calculations required for this method,it is inconvenient for practical engineering applications.To simplify the tension generation mechanism and the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of the winding system,a simpler nonlinear dynamic model of the winding tension was established.An adaptive method was applied to update the feedback gain of the continuous robust integral of the sign of the error(RISE).Furthermore,an extended state observer was used to estimate modeling errors and external disturbances.The model disturbance term can be compensated for in the designed RISE controller.The asymptotic stability of the system was proven according to the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,a comparative analysis of the proposed nonlinear controller and several other controllers was performed.The results indicated that the control of the winding tension was significantly enhanced.展开更多
The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturin...The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.展开更多
This paper examines various aspects of the design process and subsequent field test measurements of a large and complex substation grounding system. The study and measurements show that soil layering and lead interfer...This paper examines various aspects of the design process and subsequent field test measurements of a large and complex substation grounding system. The study and measurements show that soil layering and lead interference can have a significant impact on the appropriate test location that yields the exact substation ground impedance. Applying a specific percentage rule such as the 61.8% rule for uniform soils to obtain the true ground impedance may lead to unacceptable errors for large grounding systems. This poses significant problems when attempting to validate a design based on raw test data that are interpreted using approximate methods to evaluate substation ground impedance, and determine ground potential rise (GPR), touch and step voltages. Advanced measurement methodologies and modern software packages were used to obtain and effectively analyze fall of potential test data, compute fault current distribution, and evaluate touch and step voltages for this large substation. Fault current distribution between the grounding system and other metallic paths were computed to determine the portion of fault current discharged in the grounding system. The performance of the grounding system, including its GPR and touch and step voltages, has been accurately computed and measured, taking into account the impedance of the steel material used of the ground conductors and circulating currents within the substation grounding system.展开更多
The controlling and influencing effects of the joint action of plates surrounding China on strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are discussed, and the characteristics of seismic activities in the West of China and n...The controlling and influencing effects of the joint action of plates surrounding China on strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are discussed, and the characteristics of seismic activities in the West of China and neighboring regions are further studied. The results show that the seismic activity in the West of China and neighboring regions not only has the characteristics of high tide and low tide alternation but also has the characteristics of rising in one region while falling in another, and the rise and fall of seismicity are in some proportion. The above characteristics are useful for the prediction of main body region of strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially for the judgement of the ending time of the high tide period.展开更多
Voltage pulses with fast rise time can be obtained from Marx circuits based on avalanche transistors. In this research, the ZETEX avalanche transistors are used as the switches in a Marx circuit to generate stable vol...Voltage pulses with fast rise time can be obtained from Marx circuits based on avalanche transistors. In this research, the ZETEX avalanche transistors are used as the switches in a Marx circuit to generate stable voltage pulses with double-exponential waveform and fast rise time. By using these transistors, the circuit is able to generate higher pulsed voltage with fewer stages. A three stages and a ten stages Marx circuit, as well as their triggering circuits, are designed. The two Marx circuits are also tested by simulations based on the Pspice code and by experiments, results of which are consistent with each other. With the ten stages Marx circuit, we obtain positive and negative pulses with the rise time of about 1.5 ns, the amplitude above 1 100 V, and the pulse width below 5 ns. It is proved that the proposed Marx circuit equipped with avalanche transistors could be an effective kind of solid-state pulse generator.展开更多
The idea of this study is derived from observing the profitability of stock investments following the phenomena of continuously rising(or falling)prices of stocks and continuously overbought(or oversold)signals emitte...The idea of this study is derived from observing the profitability of stock investments following the phenomena of continuously rising(or falling)prices of stocks and continuously overbought(or oversold)signals emitted by technical indicators.We employ the standard event study approach and technical trading strategies to explore whether investors would exploit profits in trading the constituent stocks of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 50 and Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 when the aforementioned continuous phenomena occur.We find that both the Korean and Chinese stock markets are not fully efficient;this finding may enhance the robustness of the existing literature.In addition,we reveal that contrarian strategies are appropriate for the trading stocks listed on the Korean stock market for all the cases investigated in this study.However,momentum strategies are appropriate for the Chinese stock market when continuously rising stock prices and overbought signals are simultaneously observed.These findings imply that the difference in investor behaviors between the Korean and Chinese stock markets might result in dissimilar trading strategies being employed for these two markets.展开更多
During the Tang Dynasty,the land of Shu was composed of the Ba and Shu areas,which were adjacent to present-day Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province to the north,northern Yunnan province to the south,Wushan county of Cho...During the Tang Dynasty,the land of Shu was composed of the Ba and Shu areas,which were adjacent to present-day Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province to the north,northern Yunnan province to the south,Wushan county of Chongqing to the east,and Xichang city of Sichuan province to the west.In the nearly 300 years of rule under the dynasty,a number of poets,whether they were born or just worked and lived there for a short period of time,wrote many immortal poems,which constitute an integral part of Tang poetry.They range from Chen Zi’ang and Wang Bo of the early Tang to Li Shangyin,Wen Tingyun,and Wei Zhuang of the late Tang.The land of Shu is,therefore,the witness of the rise and fall of Tang poetry.展开更多
Compared to 2008,United States textiles and clothing(T&C)imports in 2009 suffered a drop of 13.1%.Coming on top of a decrease of 3.3% in the previous year,it brought the total US T&C imports in 2009 lower(by USD
The numerical simulation model for predicting fast filling process of 70 MPa type Ⅲ(with metal liner) hydrogen vehicle cylinder was presented,which has considered turbulence,real gas effect and solid heat transfer is...The numerical simulation model for predicting fast filling process of 70 MPa type Ⅲ(with metal liner) hydrogen vehicle cylinder was presented,which has considered turbulence,real gas effect and solid heat transfer issues.Through the numerical analysis method,the temperature distributions of the gas within the solid walls were revealed; adiabatic filling was studied to evaluate the heat dissipation during the filling; the influences of various filling conditions on temperature rise were analyzed in detail.Finally,cold filling was proposed to evaluate the effect on temperature rise and SoC(state of charge) within the cylinder.The hydrogen pre-cooling was proved to be an effective solution to reduce maximum temperature and acquire higher SoC during the filling process.展开更多
The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than on...The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than one thousand years.Here,we apply the life cycle model and agent-based modeling to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the life cycle pattern for Vietnam empires.Macroscopically,the man-land relationship greatly shapes the life cycle pattern of traditional agricultural empires.The balancing process between land and population is critical for the empires.The relationship between incomes and costs has determined the actions or strategies of the social members or individuals.It suggests that our optimal solutions and simulations have perfectly matched the real history of Vietnam.Under three optimal solutions,the distributions of simulated and real empire durations in history can be well-matched,in terms of both discrete(histogram)and continuous forms(kernel density).It indicates that the history of human society is a dynamic process,which is determined by certain evolutionary rules and regulations.Therefore,we are able to back-calculate,simulate,and even predict the future of empires or countries.展开更多
In the paper,the authors collect,discuss,and find out several connections,equivalences,closed-form formulas,and combinatorial identities concerning partial Bell polynomials,falling factorials,rising factorials,extende...In the paper,the authors collect,discuss,and find out several connections,equivalences,closed-form formulas,and combinatorial identities concerning partial Bell polynomials,falling factorials,rising factorials,extended binomial coefficients,and the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds.These results are new,interesting,important,useful,and applicable in combinatorial number theory.展开更多
Climate change brings unprecedented challenges to both the international community as well as international law. For example, extreme weather conditions might cause States to disappear and force its populations to mig...Climate change brings unprecedented challenges to both the international community as well as international law. For example, extreme weather conditions might cause States to disappear and force its populations to migrate. These phenomenon creates new challenges for current international law. First, under current legal frameworks, there is no provision regarding the disappearance of a State due to climate change. Second, for people who are forced to migrate due to climate change whether caused internally or internationally, current legal framework is also unclear to whether they could be classified as refugees and to what extent should they be protected. Despite these uncertainties, people of these endangered States cannot be left to fend themselves simply because there is a legal vacuum. This paper proposes a way forward for to meet this challenge and urge the international community to use this opportunity to refine the currently existing legal regime in order to solve the various challenges posed by climate change.展开更多
文摘The novel The Rise and Fall of Wing Shing Street delves into the reality of Hong Kong residents deeply attuned to spatial awareness but detached from temporal significance,entangling emotions surrounding time and space.Through narrative interruption and extension,the author portrays the genuine struggles of Hong Kong inhabitants-juxtaposing the blurred boundaries of time and space and the inherent rootlessness of reality within a fictionalized framework.Emphasizing the 20th-century human condition,wherein spatial awareness overshadows temporal understanding,the novel underscores the consequences:a loss of history and cultural identity.With a fresh perspective,the narrative explores the interplay of time and space,accentuating both the fictitious and authentic dimensions.This prompts readers to reconsider their history,culture,and the current moment,ultimately highlighting the pivotal role of temporal awareness.
文摘From the Industrial Revolution to the World War,the past three centuries have witnessed the development and rise and fall of Great Britain.Great Britain,an island country with a total area of about 240,000 square kilometers,enjoys a very important place in the world in modern history.Great Britain was the first industrial country and created the epoch-making laissez-faire capitalism and built a sun-never-set empire.It was also the leadership of the world from the middle of 18^th and to the middle of 19^th century.In retrospect to the rise of Great Britain,we can easily see that it was by relying on an innovative culture that the island country became a great power in Europe and then became the dominant empire in the world.This innovative character permeates in all kinds of culture including industrial,military,technological,politic and diplomatic.As for the main cause of Great Britain’s rise,this thesis attempts to analyze from three aspects,that is,the emancipation of mind,the advancement of military power,and the development of technology.After the World War,Great Britain began to suffer a decline in status and was reduced to a second class developed country.That is also because the conservative factor in its culture which blocks its development and the potential to innovate new things.The past years has witnessed the fall of the empire and also left us much inspiration.Take the history as a mirror,the thesis will focus on the“English disease”and influence of the World War to make an analysis on Great Britain’s fall.A conclusion of inspiration would also be included.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018YFB2000702)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52075262)Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China (Grant No.171044)。
文摘A winding system is a time-varying system that considers complex nonlinear characteristics,and how to control the stability of the winding tension during the winding process is the primary problem that has hindered development in this field in recent years.Many nonlinear factors affect the tension in the winding process,such as friction,structured uncertainties,unstructured uncertainties,and external interference.These terms severely restrict the tension tracking performance.Existing tension control strategies are mainly based on the composite control of the tension and speed loops,and previous studies involve complex decoupling operations.Owing to the large number of calculations required for this method,it is inconvenient for practical engineering applications.To simplify the tension generation mechanism and the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of the winding system,a simpler nonlinear dynamic model of the winding tension was established.An adaptive method was applied to update the feedback gain of the continuous robust integral of the sign of the error(RISE).Furthermore,an extended state observer was used to estimate modeling errors and external disturbances.The model disturbance term can be compensated for in the designed RISE controller.The asymptotic stability of the system was proven according to the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,a comparative analysis of the proposed nonlinear controller and several other controllers was performed.The results indicated that the control of the winding tension was significantly enhanced.
文摘The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.
文摘This paper examines various aspects of the design process and subsequent field test measurements of a large and complex substation grounding system. The study and measurements show that soil layering and lead interference can have a significant impact on the appropriate test location that yields the exact substation ground impedance. Applying a specific percentage rule such as the 61.8% rule for uniform soils to obtain the true ground impedance may lead to unacceptable errors for large grounding systems. This poses significant problems when attempting to validate a design based on raw test data that are interpreted using approximate methods to evaluate substation ground impedance, and determine ground potential rise (GPR), touch and step voltages. Advanced measurement methodologies and modern software packages were used to obtain and effectively analyze fall of potential test data, compute fault current distribution, and evaluate touch and step voltages for this large substation. Fault current distribution between the grounding system and other metallic paths were computed to determine the portion of fault current discharged in the grounding system. The performance of the grounding system, including its GPR and touch and step voltages, has been accurately computed and measured, taking into account the impedance of the steel material used of the ground conductors and circulating currents within the substation grounding system.
文摘The controlling and influencing effects of the joint action of plates surrounding China on strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are discussed, and the characteristics of seismic activities in the West of China and neighboring regions are further studied. The results show that the seismic activity in the West of China and neighboring regions not only has the characteristics of high tide and low tide alternation but also has the characteristics of rising in one region while falling in another, and the rise and fall of seismicity are in some proportion. The above characteristics are useful for the prediction of main body region of strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially for the judgement of the ending time of the high tide period.
基金Project supported by National Science Key Laboratory Foundation of China(9140C870103120C87028)
文摘Voltage pulses with fast rise time can be obtained from Marx circuits based on avalanche transistors. In this research, the ZETEX avalanche transistors are used as the switches in a Marx circuit to generate stable voltage pulses with double-exponential waveform and fast rise time. By using these transistors, the circuit is able to generate higher pulsed voltage with fewer stages. A three stages and a ten stages Marx circuit, as well as their triggering circuits, are designed. The two Marx circuits are also tested by simulations based on the Pspice code and by experiments, results of which are consistent with each other. With the ten stages Marx circuit, we obtain positive and negative pulses with the rise time of about 1.5 ns, the amplitude above 1 100 V, and the pulse width below 5 ns. It is proved that the proposed Marx circuit equipped with avalanche transistors could be an effective kind of solid-state pulse generator.
文摘The idea of this study is derived from observing the profitability of stock investments following the phenomena of continuously rising(or falling)prices of stocks and continuously overbought(or oversold)signals emitted by technical indicators.We employ the standard event study approach and technical trading strategies to explore whether investors would exploit profits in trading the constituent stocks of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 50 and Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 when the aforementioned continuous phenomena occur.We find that both the Korean and Chinese stock markets are not fully efficient;this finding may enhance the robustness of the existing literature.In addition,we reveal that contrarian strategies are appropriate for the trading stocks listed on the Korean stock market for all the cases investigated in this study.However,momentum strategies are appropriate for the Chinese stock market when continuously rising stock prices and overbought signals are simultaneously observed.These findings imply that the difference in investor behaviors between the Korean and Chinese stock markets might result in dissimilar trading strategies being employed for these two markets.
文摘During the Tang Dynasty,the land of Shu was composed of the Ba and Shu areas,which were adjacent to present-day Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province to the north,northern Yunnan province to the south,Wushan county of Chongqing to the east,and Xichang city of Sichuan province to the west.In the nearly 300 years of rule under the dynasty,a number of poets,whether they were born or just worked and lived there for a short period of time,wrote many immortal poems,which constitute an integral part of Tang poetry.They range from Chen Zi’ang and Wang Bo of the early Tang to Li Shangyin,Wen Tingyun,and Wei Zhuang of the late Tang.The land of Shu is,therefore,the witness of the rise and fall of Tang poetry.
文摘Compared to 2008,United States textiles and clothing(T&C)imports in 2009 suffered a drop of 13.1%.Coming on top of a decrease of 3.3% in the previous year,it brought the total US T&C imports in 2009 lower(by USD
基金support of Institute of Beijing Aeronautic and Astronautic Testing Technology in the experiments of hydrogen fast filling process under 70 MPa
文摘The numerical simulation model for predicting fast filling process of 70 MPa type Ⅲ(with metal liner) hydrogen vehicle cylinder was presented,which has considered turbulence,real gas effect and solid heat transfer issues.Through the numerical analysis method,the temperature distributions of the gas within the solid walls were revealed; adiabatic filling was studied to evaluate the heat dissipation during the filling; the influences of various filling conditions on temperature rise were analyzed in detail.Finally,cold filling was proposed to evaluate the effect on temperature rise and SoC(state of charge) within the cylinder.The hydrogen pre-cooling was proved to be an effective solution to reduce maximum temperature and acquire higher SoC during the filling process.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(18VXK005,19ZDA143&17ZDA117)National Science Foundation of China(72203005)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Education Department Project(20JT007)supported by High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University and School of Economics,Peking University.
文摘The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than one thousand years.Here,we apply the life cycle model and agent-based modeling to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the life cycle pattern for Vietnam empires.Macroscopically,the man-land relationship greatly shapes the life cycle pattern of traditional agricultural empires.The balancing process between land and population is critical for the empires.The relationship between incomes and costs has determined the actions or strategies of the social members or individuals.It suggests that our optimal solutions and simulations have perfectly matched the real history of Vietnam.Under three optimal solutions,the distributions of simulated and real empire durations in history can be well-matched,in terms of both discrete(histogram)and continuous forms(kernel density).It indicates that the history of human society is a dynamic process,which is determined by certain evolutionary rules and regulations.Therefore,we are able to back-calculate,simulate,and even predict the future of empires or countries.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12061033)by the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grants No.NJZY20119)by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2019MS01007),China.
文摘In the paper,the authors collect,discuss,and find out several connections,equivalences,closed-form formulas,and combinatorial identities concerning partial Bell polynomials,falling factorials,rising factorials,extended binomial coefficients,and the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds.These results are new,interesting,important,useful,and applicable in combinatorial number theory.
文摘Climate change brings unprecedented challenges to both the international community as well as international law. For example, extreme weather conditions might cause States to disappear and force its populations to migrate. These phenomenon creates new challenges for current international law. First, under current legal frameworks, there is no provision regarding the disappearance of a State due to climate change. Second, for people who are forced to migrate due to climate change whether caused internally or internationally, current legal framework is also unclear to whether they could be classified as refugees and to what extent should they be protected. Despite these uncertainties, people of these endangered States cannot be left to fend themselves simply because there is a legal vacuum. This paper proposes a way forward for to meet this challenge and urge the international community to use this opportunity to refine the currently existing legal regime in order to solve the various challenges posed by climate change.