The Role of Authoritative Leadership in the Rise of Western Great Powers in Modern Times

The authoritative leadership of a country is the legal political leadership approved by the people. Authoritative leadership has played important and irreplaceable roles in the rise of various western great powers in various forms in modern times. However,they cannot promote the development of every country in every period because of the limitations determined by the defects existing in themselves.

Approach to the Geopolitical Influences of Great Powers in Southeast Asia: Case Studies of China and the US

A quantitative approach to the national geopolitical influence is helpful to provide a reference for national sustainable development on the international stage, based on describing national diplomatic capacity and overseas influence. Herein, this study proposes a complex geopolitical influence model, considering the affected nations' response. The geopolitical influences of great power in the affected nation are correlated with overall strength, the acceptance degree of the affected nation to the great power and the distance between both sides. Then, the geopolitical influences of China and the US in Southeast Asia countries are empirically analyzed from 2005 to 2015. The geopolitical influence of China in Southeast Asia has been largely growing for the past decades, accompanying with a constant trend of the US' effects. It is believed that China and the US can coexist peacefully in Southeast Asia to promote the regional development, and jointly create an open, inclusive and balanced regional cooperation architecture that benefits all nations in this region and great powers, through mutual political trust and economic beneficial cooperation. This study may contribute to advancing the policy debate and determining the optimal cooperation in pledging commitment to a new and sustainable model of great power relationship among the various regional geopolitical options.

On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain

From the Industrial Revolution to the World War,the past three centuries have witnessed the development and rise and fall of Great Britain.Great Britain,an island country with a total area of about 240,000 square kilometers,enjoys a very important place in the world in modern history.Great Britain was the first industrial country and created the epoch-making laissez-faire capitalism and built a sun-never-set empire.It was also the leadership of the world from the middle of 18^th and to the middle of 19^th century.In retrospect to the rise of Great Britain,we can easily see that it was by relying on an innovative culture that the island country became a great power in Europe and then became the dominant empire in the world.This innovative character permeates in all kinds of culture including industrial,military,technological,politic and diplomatic.As for the main cause of Great Britain’s rise,this thesis attempts to analyze from three aspects,that is,the emancipation of mind,the advancement of military power,and the development of technology.After the World War,Great Britain began to suffer a decline in status and was reduced to a second class developed country.That is also because the conservative factor in its culture which blocks its development and the potential to innovate new things.The past years has witnessed the fall of the empire and also left us much inspiration.Take the history as a mirror,the thesis will focus on the“English disease”and influence of the World War to make an analysis on Great Britain’s fall.A conclusion of inspiration would also be included.

The rise of emerging powers and the BRICs’ chase to catch up

The rise of great powers is a universal phenomenon in global economic development. However, at different times countries' rises are accompanied by different tendencies and characteristics. With the BRICs as representatives, the rise of emerging super powers has become a new trend in global economic development in recent decades. What is the difference between the rise of these super-economies and those in the past? In what ways can China's revival be inspired? These are both theoretically and pragmatically significant questions.

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

Magic Numbers of the Great Pyramid: A Surprising Result

Recently attention has been drawn to the frequently observed fifth power of the golden mean in many disciplines of science and technology. Whereas in a forthcoming contribution the focus will be directed towards Fibonacci number-based helical structures of living as well as inorganic matter, in this short letter the geometry of the Great Pyramid of the ancient Egyptians was investigated once more. The surprising main result is that the ratio of the in-sphere volume of the pyramid and the pyramid volume itself is given by π⋅φ5, where φ = 0.618033987⋅⋅⋅ is nature’s most important number, the golden mean. In this way not only phase transitions from microscopic to cosmic scale are connected with φ5, also ingenious ancient builders have intuitively guessed its magic before.

An Analysis of the Great Power Strategy of India's Modi Government

Over the past two years, India's Modi government has demonstrated the following features: focusing on the goals of becoming a great power and shaping India's South Asian dominance, expanding the scope of diplomatic strategy, emphasizing the role of soft power and focusing on self-development as well as external environment. Modi's great power strategy is deeply influenced by the Indian realistic international political outlook and, to a certain extent, reflects the governing philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The great power strategy is Modi's governing foundation and governing style, embedding Modi distinctive personal style. Under the influence of the great power strategy, China and India have increased their economic cooperation scope, widening the forms of public diplomacy, with an obvious geopolitical collision; India is taking more measures to check China.

Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Inundation: A Case Study of the Gulf Coast Energy Infrastructure

The United States (U.S.) Gulf Coast is a prominent global energy hub with a set of highly integrated critical energy infrastructure that rivals, if not surpasses, any comparable set of infrastructure anywhere in the world. Past extreme weather events in the region have led to critical energy infrastructure disruptions with national and global implications. Future sea-level rise (SLR), coupled with other natural hazards, will lead to a significant increase in energy infrastructure damage exposure. This research assesses coastal energy infrastructure that is at risk from various fixed SLR outcomes and scenarios. The results indicate that natural gas processing plants that treat and process natural gas before moving it into the interstate natural gas transmission system may be particularly vulnerable to inundation than other forms of critical energy infrastructure. Under certain SLR assumptions, as much as six Bcfd (eight percent of all U.S. natural gas processing capacity) could be inundated. More extreme SLR exposure assumptions result in greater levels of energy infrastructure capacity exposure including as much as 39 percent of all U.S. refining capacity based on current operating levels. This research and its results show that while fossil fuel industries are often referenced as part of the climate change problem, these industries will likely be more than proportionally exposed to the negative impacts of various climate change outcomes relative to other industrial sectors of the U.S. economy. This has important implications for the U.S. and global energy supplies and costs, as well as for the U.S. regional economies reliant on coastal energy infrastructure and its supporting industries.

The New Trend of India's Rising as a Great Power

Since Modi took office as Indian prime minister in 2014,India has quickened its pace toward great power status.Although the Indian government did not issue relevant documents and did not systematically give official statements,from the perspective of Modi’s domestic and foreign policies the outline of its strategy of rising as a great power

The Current Situation and Characteristics of the Great Power Mentality of China’s Netizens

The Great Power Mentality possessed by the citizens is an important part of the country’s soft power and a necessary condition for China’s rise.Based on the operational measurement of the Great Power Mentality,this paper uses the data of the 2015"Public Social Awareness Survey"as a support to examine the current status of the Chinese people's Great Power Mentality and the characteristics of the Great Power Mentality in different groups.The main research conclusions are as follows:First,the Great Power Mentality can be specifically operated into three types:self-confidence,normal mentality,and responsibility mentality;second,overall,among the three Great Power Mentality of the public,the self-confidence has the highest score(3.93),the normal mentality is second(3.32),and the responsibility mentality is the lowest(2.67);third,whether it is self-confidence,normal mentality,or responsibility mentality,the ideological position has a significant impact on people’s Great Power Mentality.The"Left"people’s Great Power Mentality scores higher.

Industrial Policy and the Great Power Competition

Since the end of the Cold War,major powers have avoided direct military confrontation,wary of the devastating consequences of nuclear warfare.Yet the arms race and regional conflicts remain important forms of power competition.Nonetheless,in the era of globalization,rapid advancements in new technologies and industries have eclipsed the utility of geopolitical maneuvers and military competition.In today’s world,the great power competition goes beyond the arms race and GDP aggregates.What matters more is the race to innovate and apply new technologies through a complete range of industrial sectors.In a world where technology has a controlling influence,industrial security has become the linchpin of national security.As globalization reshapes the world’s industrial landscape,a country’s economic influence,military might and national security depend increasingly on its industrial structure.National security is contingent upon industrial strength.In the era of globalization,industrial policy,cutting-edge technologies and market size are dominant factors influencing a country’s competitive position.The essence of the great power competition are industrial policies that fully unlock a country’s industrial potential and implementation of the policies.

Enhancement of Large Renewable Distributed Generation Penetration Levels at the Point of Common Coupling

The occurrence of distortion and over voltage at the Point of Common Coupling(PCC)of Renewable Distributed Generation(RDG)limits its penetration levels to the power system and the RDG integration is expected to play a crucial role in power system transformation.For its penetrations to be sustained without disconnection from the system,there must be a solution to the voltage rise,distortion,unbalanced current and grid reactive power control strategy at PCC.It is an IEEE-1547 requirement that RDG integration to the power system should be regulated at PCC to avoid disconnection from the network due to power quality criteria.RDG integration must meet up with this specification to uphold power quality and avoid damage to the sensitive equipment connected at PCC.In this paper,voltage rise,unbalanced current,reactive power and distortion are being managed at PCC while Distribution Network(DN)accepts more RDG penetration levels without violation of the IEEE and South Africa grid code act.Active Power Filter and Full Bridge Multi-Level Converter(FBMC)are considered to safeguard power quality to the grid,they are modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results obtained shown that the proposed strategy can successfully regulate voltage rise,distortion,unbalanced current and continuously improve power quality with RDG integration at PCC.The proposed method’s key innovation is the strategic generation and absorption of reactive power to curtain an overvoltage,reverse power flow,and distortion at the PCC,allowing more RDG penetration levels to the grid without disconnection while maintaining the standard requirement for power quality at the PCC.The simulation outcomes validate the superiority of the FBMC over the active power filter with respect of reactive power generation/absorption,dynamic response,and damping capability.

India’s Foreign Strategy From the Perspective of Geopolitical Logic

As an emerging developing power,India has adopted economic diplomacy as the center,aggressive strategy and maritime strategy as the main power strategy,pursuing the international order with“India seal”and constructing the relations of big powers with“pro-West”tendency.This adjustment of India’s diplomatic strategy will bring about a complex impact on China-India relations.

Proper Management of the Asia-Pacific Affairs—— On the Division-and-integration of the Asia-Pacific Region and the Regional Integration Strategy

The international administrative theory is the essential tool of the international and regional integration,but it lacks macro reference of history. Based on the regional society system of ancient China,this paper discusses international administrative tools including countries,nations and people,and makes comparison of the economic capital,administrative organization and institutional norm of Europe,America and Asia. Through research,this paper concludes that the regional theory of China has both historic and practical significance.

Spending Power on the rise in China’s Smaller Cities

China’s big spenders now far-flung by Yu Nan WIDELY recognized as one of the most beautiful cities in China,the coastal port of Dalian is a perfect example of a lowertier city becoming a growth hub for multinationals, owing to stronger purchasing power. That trend inspired Boston Consulting Group(BCG) to release a report,advising businessmen to look beyond the familiar mega-cities to the fast-growing smaller

Shifting Great Power Relations: Toward Consolidation of US Hegemony

The series of unilateral foreign policies taken by US President Donald Trump has worsened relations between the US and other powers including China, Russia, the EU and Japan, prompting their officials to turn to seeking bilateral arrangements when need arises. Though among these countries there is willingness to cooperate, the US seeks to consolidate hegemony. The US focus is to contain China and sanction Russia in economic and trade fields. In geopolitics and security, the EU and Japan are heavily dependent on the US and follow the US lead.

Realignment of Great Power Relations

Wang: Speaking of Sino-U. S. relations, actually it touches upon great power relationship. The current Iraqi crisis became a focus in UN. There is a clear demarcation line between those countries supporting a war and those countries in favor of weapons inspections within

Why the Cold War Will Never Return to World Politics

Every serious confrontation between the United States and Russia evokes new cold war debates.The Cold War found its true meaning because it had achieved to create its own momentum within time.This question is a great test in terms of measuring the level that today’s international relations has reached:Is cold war still relevant in a global politics?The answer to be given to this question depends on whether any cold war can be maintained against all the pluralistic tendencies of international relations.It will be a negative one because the dynamics unleashed by globalization are likely to marginalize new cold war regardless of the will to wage and sustain it.For,beyond the will to wage and sustain it,the concept of cold war is a technical issue that can only exist provided that it can achieve to subordinate all the dynamics of the global politics to itself.