Forty Years' Construction of Rule of Law and the Legalization of Human Rights Protection in China

A market economy requires the individual rights of citizens be protected, and that the exercising of those rights be regulated, whose realization depends on the legalization of human rights protection On the one hand, individual rights must be protected by law On the other hand, a law-based society needs to be built so the boundaries of individual rights are clear, the exercising of those rights are regulated, conflicts between rights can be resolved through the courts, and the personal infringement of others’ rights and the overall interests of the society is prohibited by law During the 40 years of China’s ref orm and opening-up in China, the promotion of the legal protection of human rights mainly lies in three aspects: first, the important role of the rule of law plays in protecting human rights has been clarified; second, the four steps of the rule of law(scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, judicial justice and observance of the law by all Chinese citizens) have been strengthened to safeguard human rights fully and effectively; third, the Chinese human rights system under the rule of law has gradually been aligned with international norms.

Democracy on the Road toward the Rule of Law Started from Umbrella Movement

This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.

The Legal Logic in the Practice of Poverty Reduction in Rural China in the One Hundred Years Since the Founding of the Communist Party of China

Three major poverty reduction models have successively been adopted in the poverty control led by the Communist Party of China(CPC),namely reliefbased poverty alleviation,which focused on adjusting the production factors of land,development-driven poverty alleviation,and targeted poverty alleviation.In the process,the target of finding a rational position for the principal function of poverty alleviation has been gradually realized:the approach of poverty alleviation has gradually adjusted from micro to macro,from direct to indirect;while the management has transformed from mobilization-based to rule-of-law based.Rules that link policies and laws,as well as a rule-of-law model of the poverty reduction of a developing country that is led by party committees and governments,has been formed,and an illustrative sample of poverty control has been created,which provides experience based knowledge to the anti-poverty practices in developing countries.In the future,it is necessary to further realize the protection of the rights of the people in comparative poverty and the proceduralization of poverty reduction administrative behaviors,as well as to formulate a unified "Poverty Reduction Law" when the time is ripe,to protect the rights of the people in comparative poverty in the post-poverty-alleviation era.

SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD International Rule of Law and Rule of Law Construction in China

The rule of law has international as well as domestic attributes, so it can be divided into two levels： the domestic rule of law and the international rule of law. Using the thinking behind the international rule of law to build the rule of law in China is both necessary and inevitable. China should put into practice the idea of the international rule of law at the institutional and the governance levels, and should at the same time participate in the UN＇s rule of law activities and in international rule-making, thereby extending its rule of law discourse power and influence in the international sphere.

CONSTRUCTION OF A GOVERNMENT UNDER THE RULE OF LAW - AN OVERVIEW OF REPORT ON CHINA LAWDEVELOPMENT 2014： CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL GOVERNMENT

At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was passed and delineated the direction for the research of our nation＇s construction of a government under the rule of law. For years, the government at various levels and administrative agencies adhered to conducting work on the legal course under the CPC＇s leadership, actively promoting administration according to law, and constructing a government under the rule of law, and have made enormous achievements. However, there many difficulties still co-exist, along with challenges and opportunities. By adopting theoretical and empirical research approaches such as data analysis, normative analysis, interviews and investigations, questionnaires, counter-measure research, and case studies, this article discusses and conducted systematic and in-depth research on the theoretical framework of the construction of a government under the rule of law from macroscopic, to microscopic aspects. This article outlined the basic contexts and realistic vision for China＇s construction of a government under the rule of law, which can provide active implementation of the project of construction of government under the rule of law with a basis in theoretical referenee.

The Role of Consultative Democracy in a Constitutional System and the Rule of Law in China

The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, which responds to the core themes of the determinant of socialism, Party leadership, the democratic tradition of New China and native resources for constructing the rule of law, is an important resource for constructing the rule of law in China. In a constitutional system of＂ruling Party--political power--the people＂ that takes the sovereignty of the people as the logic of its starting point, consultative democracy plays the role of functional coupling. Popular sovereignty gains political legitimacy on the basis of multi- party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, thus translating the will of the ruling Party into the will of the state. Consultative democracy constitutes an essential process in national decision-making, affording a basis for the construction of the inherent logical sequence of ＂ruling Party--Consultative Conference--People＇s Congress.＂ The democratic supervision exercised by the Consultative Conference is an extension of political consultation; from it unfolds the systems framework of the rule of law in China.

The Approach to Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

The essence of Chinese modernization of the rule of law is to promote a modern legal system in China.The approach to Chinese modernization of the rule of law refers to the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.By comprehensively reviewing the history and reality,theory and practice,and actual and desirable aspects of Chinese modernization of the rule of law,we can summarize the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.This approach containssvariouselements,including a leadership system for the rule of law with centralized and unified leadership by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China,a rule of law virtue principle of putting the people first,a functional orientation of the rule of law toward national governance,and a historical-legal consciousness that inherits fine traditional Chinese legal culture.These key elements play a prominent role and can effectively showcase the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.Describing such a Chinese approach not only helps to summarize the fundamental experience of Chinese modernization of the rule of law but also showcases the Chinese logic and Chinese characteristics in this modernization process.

Comments on the Chinese Law of Conflict of Laws Applicable to Trusts： In Comparison with the U.S. Law and the Hague Convention

China has entered a new era represented by the newly established China （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone, in which further reform and development of its financial system and capital market are highly prioritized. The trust as an important vehicle in development of the financial market in China as well as in the world will play an important role, and there will be more foreign elements involved in Chinese trusts. The Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Application of Laws in Civil Relations with Foreign Elements provides rules, in its article 17, on the application of laws to trusts, which symbolizes the formal creation of rules of conflict of laws in China in this area. However, it seems to cause more problems than it may resolve. For example, it may not always be possible for the parties to determine the appli- cable law through consultation and agreement, and the parties＇ right to choice of law should not be without limitation either. By allowing judges to choose from ＂the law of the situs where the trust property is situated＂ and ＂the law of the situs where the trust relationship occurred＂ in the absence of an effective choice of law by the parties may lead to a situation contrary to existing laws and may create uncertainty for the parties as well. This paper analyzes this article 17 by comparing it with the conflict law rules adopted in the United States and by the Hague Convention, identifies problems, and seeks to find solutions in order to promote the healthy development of the trust system in China.

区域国别法学的理论内涵与体系架构

区域国别法学作为新兴的交叉学科,在新时代法学教育体系中具有重要的学科地位和时代价值,我国需要以问题为导向,在厘清该学科内涵与外延的基础上,对其进行科学系统的理论建设和学科建设。该学科是对特定国家或地区的法律制度和法律文化进行研究,探究不同国家和地区法律体系的运行规律,从整体上把握该国或该地区的法律特点和法律发展方向,进而探寻不同法律制度之间的共同价值观念与契合点。区域国别法学要始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,坚持习近平法治思想与外交思想,服务于我国涉外法治建设,并为全球治理体系的改革作出贡献。该学科的人才培养,要打破常规,走跨学科、跨院系的协同创新之路,构建国别法律人才“双协同”培养机制。

数字时代图书馆法治建设高质量发展的五维审思

图书馆是文化资源的储存库和提取库,担负着凝聚民族亲和力与团结力的历史使命。数字时代《公共图书馆法》及其相关法律为数字化法治化图书馆的设立、运行及服务等提供了规范依据,呈现出布局时空、内驱外引、业态迭新、为民服务的发展优势。2023年2月中共中央、国务院相继印发《质量强国建设纲要》,指出要大力推动图书馆、博物馆等公共文化场馆数字化发展,加快线上线下服务融合。图书馆所蕴含的文化、教育、开放、共享等价值理念成为人民实现和平与发展的精神品格,有助于保障人民公共利益权利,有助于满足人民群众对文化资源获取的美好期待,有助于团结全体人民智慧共建人类文明共同体。

论习近平法治思想对中华优秀传统法律文化的传承创新——基于党的二十大报告关于依法治国的视角

习近平法治思想坚持赓续我们党百余年法治和深刻传承中华法治几千年恢宏壮丽法治史中的精华,深刻体现了“中国之治”的文化自信,是弘扬中国特色社会主义法治文化的典范。习近平法治思想重视从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取“奉法强国”的信念、全面依法治国的智慧和治国理政的经验,探寻强化法治生命力的路径。面对百年变局叠加世纪疫情,全球治理体系和国际秩序变革异常激烈,国际法治遭遇强烈挑战。习近平法治思想在中国法治和国际治理的实践中,坚持知古鉴今,弘扬中华法治智慧、吸收世界法治文明精华;资政育人,“中国方案”“中国之治”“中国智慧”既充分彰显国际法治的正道、顺应历史发展潮流、增进国际社会民生福祉,又更加增强中华法治自信,彰显中华优秀传统法律文化的时代特色。习近平法治思想把以人民为中心作为法治中国建设的基本立场,从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取法治中国建设的不竭动力,是引领法治中国建设的思想旗帜和强劲动力源,是打破“西方中心论”长期遏制中国法治理论话语权的有力武器。新时代,推进法治中国建设,应坚持以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦中国式现代化的法治新课题,把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论,深耕中华优秀传统法律文化,使其成为推进全面依法治国的智慧和力量源泉。

论中国式现代化与法治的关系

党的二十大和党的二十届三中全会先后提出并发展完善了中国式现代化与法治关系这一重大时代命题。法治不仅是世界现代化国家的共同特征之一,更是中国式现代化实现的重要保障。基于世界各国现代化的历史逻辑、习近平法治思想的理论逻辑、中国实现现代化的实践逻辑,推进中国式现代化必须在法治轨道上实现。世界范围内比较成熟的3条法治化道路均不适合中国,惟有走符合中国特色的自我构建式法治道路。自我构建式道路由坚持中国共产党领导、坚持以人民为中心、贯彻中国特色社会主义法治理论3项原则,以及传承中国优秀传统法律文化、用法典表达法律的历史惯性、依法治国与以德治国相结合的优良传统、以调止讼的东方智慧4项构成组建而成。

新时代我国行政区划的制度设计、目标指向与优化策略

新时代在完善优化行政区划制度设计过程中,坚持发展与治理并重的新理念是认识前提,加强党对行政区划工作的集中统一领导是根本保障,持续推动法治建设是关键支撑,健全论证评估机制与方法是基本路径。在目标导向方面,应重点关注三项新课题:以优化基层行政区划为主要着力点,提升超大特大城市的资源承载能力;通过优化乡镇行政区划设置,推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化;通过优化收缩型城市和“小县”的行政区划设置,助推区域协同高质量发展。作为完成上述目标的保障机制,要在充分发挥党的全面领导、协调各方作用基础上强化党政部门协同,在明确价值导向前提下健全论证与评估体系,系统总结我国行政区划设置的历史经验,提升调整方案的明确性,减少调整的“后遗症”。

欠发达地区县级公共图书馆法治建设任重道远——对鄂、渝、湘、黔若干县级图书馆的调研分析

文章选取了我国欠发达地区25个县级公共图书馆,围绕《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的具体实施情况开展深入调查。发现当前我国欠发达地区县级公共图书馆的法治化治理水平有所提升,但地方政府依法保障的情况仍然堪忧。为此提出了4个基层公共图书馆法治建设着力点,为新时代基层公共图书馆的法治化建设和高质量发展提供参考。

习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新及形成机制

系统归纳、提炼习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新及其背后所遵循的理性生产机制具有重要意义。习近平法治思想实践创新的根本前提是习近平总书记在马克思主义实践观指引下,以政治家的高屋建瓴、思想家的磅礴力量对法治中国的形势与战略进行的准确分析和深刻判断。习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新主要表现在全面依法治国的思维方式重大创新、全面依法治国的总体布局重大创新、全面依法治国适应新时代鲜明特征的重大创新等三个方面,形成了具有原创性的实践创新机制。这些机制创新作用于典型场景,为全面依法治国发生历史性变革、取得历史性成就提供了重要保障。习近平法治思想实践创新具有重大意义与显著优势,在未来更多的法治课题上,习近平法治思想的实践创新伟力还将发挥更多的破题、引领作用,需要通过习近平法治思想中自主实践知识体系的转型来进一步把握未来各种法治实践场景中蕴含的新规律,推动知识转型。

道德支撑法治文化建设的基本路径探析

法治文化是人们对法治所持有的共同价值观念、追求、思维方式、信仰等,以及相应的法律制度、实践活动、物质成果的总和。法治文化既包括精神层面的要素,也包括物质层面的要素,还包括实践层面的要素。法治文化建设是当前我国实现依法治国、建设法治中国的重要内容和基本方略之一。道德对法治文化建设具有重要的支撑作用。道德支撑法治文化建设至少包括五个方面:道德对科学立法的支撑;道德对严格执法的支撑;道德对公正司法的支撑;道德对全民守法的支撑;提升“关键少数”道德素质助推法治文化建设。

中国式现代化的党章基础

党章以一种从根本上体现中国共产党国家建设观念的方式,为中国式现代化构建逻辑完整的规范链条提供了充分有效的制度保障。党章通过实现人的全面发展与现代化道路的同构共进、表达党领导国家发展的价值理性、坚持系统均衡的发展理念,集中彰显中国式现代化的政治愿景。党章中的发展原则规范、社会主义文化建设规范、社会主义生态文明建设规范、外交规范等,与中国式现代化的基本特征、本质要求相呼应。以相关理念内容为基础,党章主要通过对规范体系的统领与指引、对治理体系的塑造与影响,确保中国式现代化在党的领导下扎实推进。

北京某三甲医院法律服务需求及法治建设调查

通过对北京某三甲专科医院全部一级科室负责人的问卷调查和深度访谈,全面了解医院临床医技科室和行政职能部门对法律服务的认知情况以及医疗纠纷、非医疗纠纷的法律服务需求。调查结果显示,中层管理干部法律意识整体提升,医疗纠纷的防范与化解是医院对法律服务需求的主旋律。同时,非医疗类的法律纠纷处理及法律服务需求也不容忽视。研究结合国家政策要求与医院实际情况,提出了推进医院法治建设的建议与措施。医院对法律服务的需求大幅提升,应重视法治建设在医院高质量发展过程中的作用。

法治规范体系视域下党内法规保留的功能定位与规范建构

党内法规保留是将法律保留相关原理引入党内法规制度建设中形成的有关党内事务制定权配置的制度。在中国特色社会主义法治体系的法治背景下,党内法规保留应以法治规范体系作为制度建构的基本视角。基于与法律保留的功能比较,党内法规保留具有统制、区分、整合、保障等功能。在法治规范体系视域下,当前党内法规保留制度存在明显结构缺陷。可以从重塑党内法规保留的结构理念、重新阐释《中国共产党党内法规制定条例》第四条第一款的保留对象、建立相对保留制度、单列党章保留事项、对中央党内法规绝对保留事项进行内涵解读等方面进行结构重塑与完善。此外,在党内法规保留的保留标准上,应确立面向从严治党的重要事项保留标准。