Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

Impact of Mandatory Provisions on the Validity of Juristic Acts: A Path for Legal Policy Analysis

Contrary to the approach in judicial practice,Paragraph 1,Article 153,of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,as a rule of invalidity for violating mandatory provisions,does not adopt a dichotomy towards mandatory provisions with effectiveness and administrative characteristics,yet it maintains the legislative philosophy of differentiation.It leaves unspecified whether mandatory provisions that do not explicitly render a juristic act invalid impact the act’s validity,entrusting this determination to the discretion of judges on a case-by-case basis.When judges,under the authority of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of the Civil Code,explore the normative intent of mandatory provisions to assess their effect on the validity of juristic acts,they should engage in legal policy analysis centered on consequence-based argumentation to overcome the limitations of norm typological analysis.This analysis employs a reasoning model predicated on the normative purpose,utilizing a consequencefocused interpretative approach for formulating and arguing propositions of rules applicable to pending cases,thereby arriving at case-specific conclusions.Since the invalidation of juristic acts serves as an auxiliary regulatory tool for the state economy and society,a consequence-oriented interpretation needs to be based on the idea of mutual instrumentalization of public and private laws.This entails predicting the outcomes of negating the validity of a juristic act in industrial regulatory scenarios and assessing these outcomes within the framework of public and private regulatory instruments.

Investigating the Legitimacy of the Plight and Countermeasures of Enterprise System Under the Current Legal Framework

Enterprise regulations and rules play a major role in corporate governance.However,in recent years,a large number of enterprise regulations and rules were illegal and were thus annulled by the court,and enterprises bear related liability to pay compensations.The author analyzed and discussed the predicament of legitimacy in enterprise rules and regulations step by step in three aspects including the legal connotation of enterprise rules and regulations,legitimacy dilemma in the enterprise rules and regulations,measures should be taken by enterprises under the current law framework.The paper aims to provide ideas and thoughts for Chinese enterprises to overcome the legitimacy dilemma of enterprise rules and regulations and give full play to their important roles in corporation governance.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

Environmental Planning of New Countryside with Dazhuang Village in Pingdingshan City as an Example

The paper introduced regulation and planning situation of Dazhuang Village which was the experiment construction project in Pindingshan City, and offered several proposals for the construction of the village's regulation and planning.

Relationship between Quasi－parabolic Regulation and Rule of Increasing Oxygen

In this paper the relation is derived between quasi-parabolic regulation and the rule of increasing oxygenpotential. Using these rules in Co-O binary system the stability of compounds CoO and Co_3O_4 is examined.

China introduces the 24-hour rule

Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.

乡村治理法治体系构建问题研究

乡村治理是国家治理的基石和乡村振兴的基础。提升乡村治理和乡村建设质量,扎实有序做好乡村治理和乡村建设工作,需要重构乡村振兴中的社区治理共同体,优化社区自组织社会风险防范机制,构建新型乡村社区“三社联动”机制,构建多层次新型村庄治理共同体格局。乡村治理法治体系构建的关键在于:发挥村规民约在乡村治理中的作用,效法“枫桥经验”把矛盾纠纷化解在基层,把地方性治理规范融入全过程人民民主,给乡镇政府公共服务能力的提升增权赋能。构建乡村治理法治体系的主要路径是:发挥基层党组织在乡村治理中的引领作用,凸显基层协商民主在乡村治理中的民主意识,强化家庭家教家风在乡村治理中的修复功能,重视新乡贤在乡村振兴中的重要作用。

数字规制的场景、困境与进路:作为法治场域的元宇宙

元宇宙是数字规制的新场景,相关参与场景和产品应用的广泛性决定了元宇宙风险丛生、亟待治理。元宇宙治理面临伦理治理困境,具体体现在主体性、算法正义、数据伦理等方面,这些也是数字规制的难题,在人工智能等运用场景也有显现。由于技术基础设施发展、传统法律监管滞后、数字货币监管缺位等客观情况,元宇宙法律监管也面临挑战,针对元宇宙的治理困境进行规则设计具有必要性。设计进路方面,元宇宙治理的相关规则应当以元宇宙的技术特征为底座,以算法和数据规制为抓手,以国际法与国内法的互动为方案,在国内法治、涉外法治和国际法治等不同层面确保元宇宙治理规则的宽覆盖、高效力与体系化。数字规制在确保实现人的价值的同时,需要推动数字经济和数字法治的发展。

基于频率响应特性的储能辅助电网调频方法

新能源渗透率的提高增加了电网频率控制的复杂度,储能辅助电网调频能在一定程度上缓解该问题,但受储能运行的安全性与经济性约束,要求调频措施更具针对性。文中对此展开研究,提出一种基于频率响应特性的储能辅助电网一次调频方法。首先,在储能辅助电网调频模型基础上,选择惯性加下垂的储能辅助电网调频综合控制方法,通过电网频率变化率(rate of change of frequency,RoCoF)、频率偏差与调频需求的关联性分析,设计基于频率响应特性的调频需求分区规则;然后,根据不同调频需求对应的分区判断,对储能有功输出方式进行动态调整,以响应调频需求的不确定性,并在此基础上,针对调频需求与储能出力需求、储能出力强弱与其循环使用寿命间的矛盾关系,通过多目标优化问题的设计与求解来予以平衡;最后,仿真结果验证了所提方法能够在保证电网调频效果的基础上,有效降低储能充放电深度。

村规民约实施中村民参与的逻辑嬗变——基于A市F村的实证案例

村规民约的普及推广,是自上而下的国家意图下沉与自下而上的主体对接形成的治理耦合。村民参与作为村域公共生活的重要组成部分,不仅在形式上和实质上赋予了村民自我表达的机会,确保村民获得影响其自身生产生活质量的权利,更是保障了国家治理植入基层的合法性基础。在村规民约实施过程中,村民参与的成效受权威要素与动力要素的影响,立足“组织内嵌”和“自主动员”两个维度的强弱,可区分为弥散性参与、控制性参与、从属性参与和合作性参与等差异性类型,并借以识别村民参与从单向到互动、从利益到权利、从象征到实质、从被动到惯习的逻辑嬗变。

“村规-村建-村管”联动的乡村建设路径探索——以浙江省余村乡村共同缔造实验为例

历史上长期的城乡二元制度,使得城与乡在土地使用和行政运行机制等方面存在巨大差异,使得我国在城镇建设中取得的巨大成功与经验难以复制到乡村建设领域。掺杂有城市规划思维烙印的村庄规划长期存在不实用、不适用,以及与村庄建设、村庄运营维护管理脱节的问题。通过对比乡村建设与城市建设的模式差异,以共同缔造理念为依托,在学界已有实践认知的基础上,提出围绕事权主体的“实用性”村庄规划、基于村民主体需求的“内生型”乡村建设行动和面向多元主体参与的“自治型”村规民约。按照“村规、村建、村管”的共同缔造路径,提出乡村建设的全过程治理策略,并以浙江省余村村庄规划为实验案例,对全过程治理策略进行了实证分析。

党内法规法典化三题

探索党内法规的法典化对于完善党内法规体系建设具有重要意义,但诸如“法典编纂的逻辑基础”“法典化的程度”“法典编纂的规范来源”等三个理论问题仍有待进一步探讨。法典编纂的一般规律要求以部门法划分为基础,而党内法规的“1+4”板块划分与这一要求存在逻辑差异,故为保障党内法规法典编纂的科学性,应回归部门法划分逻辑,以部门为单位展开法典化探索。党内法规的法典化程度应根据现实情况适度而为,既不应编纂综合性的“党内法规法典”,也不应认为所有党内法规部门都适合编纂法典。当前,党的组织法规制度中,调整党的组织体系建设的部分展开法典编纂的条件最为充分。编纂党内法规法典,应考虑整合单行党内法规与规范性文件等其他党内法规渊源,在中央党内法规基础上,适度汲取部委党内法规和地方党内法规中的适当规范。

乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。

国家力量的双重进入与村规民约的重塑——基于215份优秀村规民约的文本分析

国家权力主要通过国家的“村规民约化”和村规民约的“国家化”两种方式进入到乡土社会中。国家力量与地方非正式规范的遭遇中,嵌入地方知识的同时将其纳入到国家的规则体系之下规范化地运行。当代村规民约在承担更多的国家政策的转译与国家规范化要求的同时也面临着治理资源不足的困境,因此当代村规民约需要以治理有效为目标引入多元复合的治理手段,以交错配置的方式来完成其治理内容。村规民约的性质也从传统时期的非正式制度转向“自治、法治、德治”相融合的制度载体。

村民委员会作为行政诉讼被告的制度逻辑

2018年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》将村民委员会列入行政诉讼被告范围,然而司法解释内容的含糊以及司法解释在我国法律体系中的合法性,使得村委会作为行政诉讼被告存在争议,以致受案范围局促。《宪法》第111条和《宪法》第三章将作为自治组织的村民委员会置于国家机构的范围,明确了村委会是国家治理的重要组成部分,确立了村委会作为行政诉讼被告的宪法基础。从1982年开始的中央一号文件到《村委会组织法》,从《行政诉讼法》修订到最高院司法解释,村委会作为行政诉讼被告的制度规范越来越清晰。中国裁判文书网上的64份有关村委会做被告的判决或裁定,尽管存在着认可或不认可,但村委会作为行政诉讼被告的制度实践已经客观存在着。在国家治理能力现代化的当下,村委会作为自治与法治的“双重身份”已然越来越突出。村委会作为行政诉讼被告有助于更好地协调村民与村委会之间的纠纷,从而推动法治中国下和谐乡村的建设。

党内法规制定工作规划实施中的地方主体及其责任问题研究

推动落实《中央党内法规制定工作规划纲要(2023—2027年)》是学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想、深化依规治党、高质量推进党内法规制度建设的政治任务和行动自觉。地方党委是全面从严治党、依规治党的法定责任主体,是规划纲要制定实施的基础问题库、重要资料库。随着新时代新征程持续推动依规治党精神落实于地方党的建设,地方应在中国式现代化的目标指引下,为规划纲要实施厚植政治、理论和实践基础。其主要努力方向包括提升学习宣传规划纲要的自觉性主动性、厘清规划纲要实施的地方责任、实事求是编制地方党内法规制定工作规划计划以及扎实推进规划纲要的实施。

论更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的内涵及建设路径

在中国特色社会主义新时代,要进一步完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系,加快建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系。建设更加完善的法治体系是法治中国建设的总目标,也是法治中国建设的总抓手,更是法治中国建设的总依托。更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的基本内容主要包括:明晰中央和地方立法的位阶及判断标准,构建规范高效可行的法律体系形式结构,构建政府职权法定的行政法律规范体系。建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的主要路径是:建设与宪法相适应的党内法规体系,建设更加严格规范公正文明的执法体系,建设更加公正高效权威的司法审判体系,建设更加严密的社会主义法治监督体系。

法治规范体系视域下党内法规保留的功能定位与规范建构

党内法规保留是将法律保留相关原理引入党内法规制度建设中形成的有关党内事务制定权配置的制度。在中国特色社会主义法治体系的法治背景下,党内法规保留应以法治规范体系作为制度建构的基本视角。基于与法律保留的功能比较,党内法规保留具有统制、区分、整合、保障等功能。在法治规范体系视域下,当前党内法规保留制度存在明显结构缺陷。可以从重塑党内法规保留的结构理念、重新阐释《中国共产党党内法规制定条例》第四条第一款的保留对象、建立相对保留制度、单列党章保留事项、对中央党内法规绝对保留事项进行内涵解读等方面进行结构重塑与完善。此外,在党内法规保留的保留标准上,应确立面向从严治党的重要事项保留标准。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下社会主义核心价值观入法入规探究

社会主义核心价值观是中华民族精神的时代凝练和现实表达,是社会主义法治建设的灵魂,与中华民族共同体意识紧密关联。铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下,社会主义核心价值观入法入规彰显了传承中华优秀传统法律文化的文化自觉,是推进中华民族共同体建设的必然选择,为建设中华民族共有精神家园提供方向指引;通过树牢法律信仰、型构法律原则和融入法律规则,弘扬国家与民族的整体价值导向、概括指引全社会的价值认同,并具体设定微观的行为模式和制度指示,实现对铸牢中华民族共同体意识之法治实施的指引和推进。新时代新征程,要关注宪法核心价值观条款完善、民族工作基本法律的核心价值观融入等问题,在规律、技术与价值相互交融的视域下促进核心价值观入法入规的路径优化。着力增强核心价值观入法入规的系统性、针对性和精准性,推进入法理念的升华和入法技术的完善,在对各族人民现实生活场景的科学指引与能动改造中推动全社会铸牢中华民族共同体意识。