Social security has,as one of its primary aims,the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty.Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance,soc...Social security has,as one of its primary aims,the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty.Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance,social assistance,and social welfare between the period 1978–2018,this paper evaluates the effect of social security expenditure in reducing income inequality and rural poverty with cointegration analysis.It was found that there is a positive correlation between social security expenditure and the income gap of urban and rural residents in the long run,but the effect is very limited;nearly 99%of the changes of the urban–rural income gap come from its own contributions.Further research also shows that the elasticity of rural poverty incidence to social security expenditure is–0.2255,which indicates social security expenditure helps reduce rural absolute poverty.Based on these findings,the policy implications can be that much social security expenditure and a more equitable social security system should be encouraged.It will become one of the major anti-poverty strategies after 2020 in China when we win the battle against absolute poverty.展开更多
Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic research.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the ...Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic research.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the impact of clan culture on the mental health of elderly people in rural China.The results demonstrated that clan culture can significantly decrease the depression score of the rural elderly.Further,there was no gender difference with respect to the impact of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly.At the same time,the positive effects of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly have gradually weakened with economic development.Exploration of the mechanisms involved indicated that in areas with stronger clan culture,older people receive more social support.This study enriches our understanding of the impact of informal institutions on the welfare of rural residents.At the same time,it can also provide a certain decisionmaking reference for the government to formulate relative poverty relief strategies in a new stage of poverty alleviation.展开更多
From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social ec...From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.展开更多
Objective We aimed to examine the current developments and challenges confronted by old age security in rural China. Data sources This study is based on the data from PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCI Expand...Objective We aimed to examine the current developments and challenges confronted by old age security in rural China. Data sources This study is based on the data from PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCI Expanded, ProQuest, Google, and CNKI which is the most informative database in Chinese. Study selection Articles were selected with the search terms ＂rural＂, ＂China＂, ＂old＂, ＂older＂, or ＂elder＂, ＂elderly＂, or ＂aged＂, ＂aging＂, ＂security＂, ＂culture＂, ＂value＂, ＂medical insurance＂ or ＂community based medical insurance＂ or ＂cooperative medical scheme＂. Related websites and yearbooks were searched as well. Results The socio-economic development has made the burden of traditional care for the rural elderly heavier than ever, and new challenges are emerging in rural communities, such as poor economic, deteriorating natural environment and health crisis. Conclusions The governments should improve the scale and caliber of rural old age security and strengthen regulations with areat efforts in develoDina the rural economv and Drotectina the natural environment of rural communities.展开更多
This study aims to analyze the impact of health education effort that promote exercise activities have had on middle-aged and older people in central-western rural China.The Project for Family Health Care(PFHC)of the ...This study aims to analyze the impact of health education effort that promote exercise activities have had on middle-aged and older people in central-western rural China.The Project for Family Health Care(PFHC)of the population in central and western China used questionnaires completed anonymously to survey 4217 randomly selected respondents in the baseline year of 2011,and 4529 in the end-line year of 2015.We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between several factors and regular exercise activities.The 2011 baseline year sample indicated that 90.5%of respondents knew the functions of regular exercise,but that only 45.4%participated in regular exercise activities.In the baseline multivariate model,a number of factors were positively associated with the prevalence of participation in regular exercise activities.Respondents who were women,older,retired,lived with children,had chronic diseases,and self-reported better health were more likely to participate in regular exercise.The proportion of those participating in regular exercise increased to 75.9%among the end-line year respondents after health education.This study revealed that health education interventions effectively encouraged rural middle-aged and elderly people to participate in regular exercise activities.Health education efforts of this sort for rural middle-aged and older adults should be further strengthened,and more public facilities for exercise should be provided.展开更多
China had become a country with an aging population by the end of the 20th century.Dealing with the aging of its population is a long-term strategic task for China.“The National Survey on Elderly People in Urban and ...China had become a country with an aging population by the end of the 20th century.Dealing with the aging of its population is a long-term strategic task for China.“The National Survey on Elderly People in Urban and Rural China”has been carried out four times since the year 2000.The data shows that during the years 2000 to 2015 the wellbeing of elderly people in urban and rural China improved greatly.The economic status of the elderly has obviously improved;and there have also been steady improvements to social security protections,health care services and the availability of social activities in which the elderly can participate.In addition,the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly has become richer and more colorful.The aging of society creates challenges,such as potential shortages of labor resources,the weakening of family functions and the need for more medical care facilities and services,and these intensify over time.At the same time,changes to the structure of demand and of industry caused by societal aging bring many opportunities.展开更多
Chinese governmental sectors have been investing lots of money in setting up new institutions for long-term care(LTC)in rural China to respond to the predicted increasing and urgent needs of the growing number of agin...Chinese governmental sectors have been investing lots of money in setting up new institutions for long-term care(LTC)in rural China to respond to the predicted increasing and urgent needs of the growing number of aging people.However,very few have identified that many ethnic minority groups have been enjoying their traditional home-based LTC systems,which are cost-effective and have been working really well for generations.This article reports on a study on LTC needs and provisions for the Dai,one of the ethnic minority groups in rural areas of southwest China,in Yunnan(Province).A randomized sample was drawn from 12 villages in Ruili,a county 752 km from Kunming,the capital city of Yunnan.Totally,187 elderly persons were interviewed intensively.Activities of daily living were measured as the core indicator for understanding LTC.The research revealed that there is a significant disparity between the needs of the villagers and provisions from the different levels of government.There is an urgent need to reexamine the allocation of public resources for the aged.Traditional culture and practices of caring for the elderly,and practices in LTC of different ethnic groups,must be carefully considered.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(16ZDA021)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(18YJA630135)。
文摘Social security has,as one of its primary aims,the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty.Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance,social assistance,and social welfare between the period 1978–2018,this paper evaluates the effect of social security expenditure in reducing income inequality and rural poverty with cointegration analysis.It was found that there is a positive correlation between social security expenditure and the income gap of urban and rural residents in the long run,but the effect is very limited;nearly 99%of the changes of the urban–rural income gap come from its own contributions.Further research also shows that the elasticity of rural poverty incidence to social security expenditure is–0.2255,which indicates social security expenditure helps reduce rural absolute poverty.Based on these findings,the policy implications can be that much social security expenditure and a more equitable social security system should be encouraged.It will become one of the major anti-poverty strategies after 2020 in China when we win the battle against absolute poverty.
基金financial support provided by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(BLX201945)。
文摘Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic research.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the impact of clan culture on the mental health of elderly people in rural China.The results demonstrated that clan culture can significantly decrease the depression score of the rural elderly.Further,there was no gender difference with respect to the impact of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly.At the same time,the positive effects of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly have gradually weakened with economic development.Exploration of the mechanisms involved indicated that in areas with stronger clan culture,older people receive more social support.This study enriches our understanding of the impact of informal institutions on the welfare of rural residents.At the same time,it can also provide a certain decisionmaking reference for the government to formulate relative poverty relief strategies in a new stage of poverty alleviation.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Social Sciences Project(08SH035)Key Project of National Social Sciences Fund(08AZD005)
文摘From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 71203080）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2013M530242）, Senior Professionals Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University （No. 12JDG122） and Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds （No. 1301146C）.
文摘Objective We aimed to examine the current developments and challenges confronted by old age security in rural China. Data sources This study is based on the data from PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCI Expanded, ProQuest, Google, and CNKI which is the most informative database in Chinese. Study selection Articles were selected with the search terms ＂rural＂, ＂China＂, ＂old＂, ＂older＂, or ＂elder＂, ＂elderly＂, or ＂aged＂, ＂aging＂, ＂security＂, ＂culture＂, ＂value＂, ＂medical insurance＂ or ＂community based medical insurance＂ or ＂cooperative medical scheme＂. Related websites and yearbooks were searched as well. Results The socio-economic development has made the burden of traditional care for the rural elderly heavier than ever, and new challenges are emerging in rural communities, such as poor economic, deteriorating natural environment and health crisis. Conclusions The governments should improve the scale and caliber of rural old age security and strengthen regulations with areat efforts in develoDina the rural economv and Drotectina the natural environment of rural communities.
文摘This study aims to analyze the impact of health education effort that promote exercise activities have had on middle-aged and older people in central-western rural China.The Project for Family Health Care(PFHC)of the population in central and western China used questionnaires completed anonymously to survey 4217 randomly selected respondents in the baseline year of 2011,and 4529 in the end-line year of 2015.We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between several factors and regular exercise activities.The 2011 baseline year sample indicated that 90.5%of respondents knew the functions of regular exercise,but that only 45.4%participated in regular exercise activities.In the baseline multivariate model,a number of factors were positively associated with the prevalence of participation in regular exercise activities.Respondents who were women,older,retired,lived with children,had chronic diseases,and self-reported better health were more likely to participate in regular exercise.The proportion of those participating in regular exercise increased to 75.9%among the end-line year respondents after health education.This study revealed that health education interventions effectively encouraged rural middle-aged and elderly people to participate in regular exercise activities.Health education efforts of this sort for rural middle-aged and older adults should be further strengthened,and more public facilities for exercise should be provided.
文摘China had become a country with an aging population by the end of the 20th century.Dealing with the aging of its population is a long-term strategic task for China.“The National Survey on Elderly People in Urban and Rural China”has been carried out four times since the year 2000.The data shows that during the years 2000 to 2015 the wellbeing of elderly people in urban and rural China improved greatly.The economic status of the elderly has obviously improved;and there have also been steady improvements to social security protections,health care services and the availability of social activities in which the elderly can participate.In addition,the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly has become richer and more colorful.The aging of society creates challenges,such as potential shortages of labor resources,the weakening of family functions and the need for more medical care facilities and services,and these intensify over time.At the same time,changes to the structure of demand and of industry caused by societal aging bring many opportunities.
基金This study is sponsored by the Chinese National Social Sciences Fund(CNSSF,grant No.15BRK029).
文摘Chinese governmental sectors have been investing lots of money in setting up new institutions for long-term care(LTC)in rural China to respond to the predicted increasing and urgent needs of the growing number of aging people.However,very few have identified that many ethnic minority groups have been enjoying their traditional home-based LTC systems,which are cost-effective and have been working really well for generations.This article reports on a study on LTC needs and provisions for the Dai,one of the ethnic minority groups in rural areas of southwest China,in Yunnan(Province).A randomized sample was drawn from 12 villages in Ruili,a county 752 km from Kunming,the capital city of Yunnan.Totally,187 elderly persons were interviewed intensively.Activities of daily living were measured as the core indicator for understanding LTC.The research revealed that there is a significant disparity between the needs of the villagers and provisions from the different levels of government.There is an urgent need to reexamine the allocation of public resources for the aged.Traditional culture and practices of caring for the elderly,and practices in LTC of different ethnic groups,must be carefully considered.
