Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

The“Emperor’s Edict”and the Emperor’s power in the Southern Song Dynasty

“Emperor’s Edict”refers to the writing of emperor himself.In the context of serving as official document,it refers to the special writ issued by emperor for sake of administering national affairs.In the official document system of Song Dynasty,“Emperor’s Edict”had always been an attention of the scholars and officials at that time due to its unusual functions in terms of drafting,promulgation and power.The Southern Song Dynasty was generally conceived by academic circles as a period when the“Administration by Emperor’s Edict”was gradually phased out.We did observe,however,with“Emperor’s Edict”placed in historical panorama of the early years of Southern Song Dynasty,an ever-strengthened power and prowess of“Emperor’s Edict”as backlit by several historical incidents such as Emperor Gaozong’s controlling and manipulating by“Emperor’s Edict”of the national armies.It reflects the political truth of strengthened imperial power in the Southern Song Dynasty.Hence,we can have access to another facet of the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Following the Inspection Route of Emperor Qianlong

THE AREAS in the southerm part of the villa served as a residence and workplace for the Qing emperors.The scenery takes in all sorts of terrain,including plains,lakes and hills,and is reminiscent of the topography of souther China.From 1713 to 1780,11 monaster-ies were built to the north and east of the villa.Eight have survived the ages,including one still in ruins,and they are known as the Eight Outer Monasteries.

Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

Geological Evidence for the Presence of the Emperor Event in China

The presence of the reversals of the geomagnetic field within the Brunhes is indicated by paleomagnetic stuides on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, loess strata and Quaternary marine sediments in the Pearl River Mouth basin in China. These regional reversals occured at 0.58±0.13 Ma, 0.45 Ma and 0.47—0.48 Ma respectively according to the results of K-Ar isotopic dating and climatostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. The reversals equivalent to the Emperor Event is suggested.The reversals revealed in different regions with various lithologic characters in China prove that the Emperor Event is a global reversal event rather than a geomagnetic excursion, and its confirmation will permit a precise definition of the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary.

An Analysis of Subtitling through Andre Lefevere's Rewriting Theory:A Case Study on English and Two Chinese Translations of The Last Emperor

This paper will try to apply Andre Lefevere's rewriting theory to study subtitling.Through the analysis of The Last Emperor and its two Chinese translations,we will explore how ideology manipulates subtitle translation.

Variation in the Composition of the Essential Oil of Commercial Salvia officinalis L.Leaves Samples from Different Countries

Salvia officinalis L.(Lamiaceae)leaves and its essential oil is used for mouth and throat disorders,skin disorders,minor wounds,and gastrointestinal disorders,and is widely used worldwide.The research aimed to conduct a comparative study of the composition of S.officinalis essential oils from commercial samples,and their main chemotypes.The volatile constituents from S.officinalis leaves were investigated using gas chromatography(GC).The commercial samples of sage leaves were obtained from retail pharmacies in nine mainly European countries.The yield of essential oil in S.officinalis commercial leaves was between 10.0 and 24.8 mL/kg.The principal components(>5%)among the main identified 25 compounds were 1,8-cineole(8.3%–45.3%),α-thujone(3.0%–34.0%),сamphor(11.3%–29.3%),β-thujone(1.5%–12.9%),viridiflorol(1.1%–10.4%),camphene(2.6%–7.1%),andα-pinene(1.3%–5.8%).In seven(Estonia,England,France,Hungary,Belgium,Ukraine,Georgia)samplesα-thujone dominated.Four samples(Estonia,Georgia,England,Hungary)belong to the most common chemotypeα-thujone>camphor>1,8-cineole.Eight chemotypes of S.officinalis essential oils have been found.Toxic thujones are widespread compounds among them.

SAGE-based algorithm for DOA estimation and array calibration in the presence of sensor location errors

The direction of arrival(DOA) estimation problem in the presence of sensor location errors is studied and an algorithm based on space alternating generalized expectation-maximization(SAGE) is presented. First, the narrowband case is considered.Based on the small perturbation assumption, this paper proposes an augmentation scheme so as to estimate DOA and perturbation parameters. The E-step and M-step of the SAGE algorithm in this case are derived. Then, the algorithm is extended to the wideband case. The wideband SAGE algorithm is derived in frequency domain by jointing all frequency bins. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves good convergence and high parameter estimation precision.

Microarray,SAGE and their applications to cardiovascular diseases

The wealth of DNA data generated by the human genome project coupling with recently invented high-throughput gene expression profiling techniques has dramatically sped up the process for biomedical researchers on elucidating the role of genes in human diseases. One powerful method to reveal insight into gene functions is the systematic analysis of gene expression. Two popular high-throughput gene expression technologies, microarray and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) are capable of producing large amounts of gene expression data with the potential of providing novel insights into fundamental disease processes, especially complex syndromes such as cardiovascular disease, whose etiologies are due to multiple genetic factors and their interplay with the environment. Microarray and SAGE have already been used to examine gene expression patterns of cell-culture, animal and human tissues models of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction of microarray and SAGE technologies and point out their limitations. We will then discuss the major discoveries and the new biological insightsthat have emerged from their applications to cardiovascular diseases. Finally we will touch upon potential challenges and future developments in this area.

An analysis of The Last Emperor from the perspective of Post-colonialism

The Italian film The Last Emperor has strong color of post-colonialism,therefore,my paper will analyze the film from the perspective of post-colonialism.The two important terms in post-colonialism theory closely related to the film are "Orientalism",and "the other".My paper focus on analyzing the China's image in European films from the angles of "Oriental ism" and "the other".My paper reveals that the China's image in European films can't break away from Orientalism,and the western world describe the oriental world according to its own imagination and think itself as a savior to the oriental world.Therefore,what we Chinese should do is being initiative to describe ourselves to shape a new image of real China.

Analysis on the Present Situation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas under the Idea of "Party Building + County Sage or Worthy":A Case Study of Qianshan Village,Ganlu Town,Gongqingcheng City of Jiangxi Province

From the reform and opening-up policy until now,targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas has always been regarded as a major and arduous task in China,and it strives to achieve the goal of national poverty alleviation by 2020.To firmly win the strong war of overcoming poverty and realize new leap of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas,Qianshan Village,Ganlu Town,Gongqingcheng City of Jiangxi Province establishes party building projects with rural characteristics by surrounding action of"overcoming poverty and attacking strong poverty"and taking"party building+county sage or worthy"as link.It uses county sage or worthy to drive development of rural industry,and establishes a complete poverty alleviation mechanism,thereby making poor households get rid of poverty,become rich,and embark on the road of well-off society.In this paper,opportunities and challenges in targeted poverty alleviation work of Qianshan Village are analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.

The Essential Oil Content and Composition of Selected Salvia Species, Sage Teas, and Sage Drops

Sage is popular for its manifold applications and has always been used in herbalism. The Salvia genus encompasses up to 900 species, but only a few of them have been investigated. Hence, the objective was to investigate the essential oil content as well as the terpene composition of a number of Saliva species. In this context, S. officinalis var. Extrakta, S. officinalis ＂Aurea＂ and S. patens were investigated for the first time. To some extent, it was also possible to associate the terpene distribution of the investigated commercial sage teas and drops with the processed sage oil. Furthermore, an ultrasonic extraction with ethyl acetate seems to be an efficient quick-method for extracting the essential oil.

The Yellow Emperor Culture and the Yellow River Culture

As long as we have a thorough understanding of the Yellow Emperor culture and the Yellow River culture, we can grasp the mainstream essence, root and excellence of the traditional Chinese cultures. Thus we will have a better understanding of the history and reality of the Chinese nation and that of Henan Province. We will be able to better inherit and carry forward the fine traditional Chinese cultures, and better construct and promote cultural prosperity with Chinese characteristics, so as to benefit the Chinese people, influence international society and advance cultural progress.

A Summary of the Research on the Rural Sages Culture

As a cultural phenomenon rooted in the traditional rural society China,rural sages culture has played an important role in the inheritance of civilization and social stability.The new period,rural sages culture helps to cultivate rural civilization and promote the development of rural economy and rural social stability.In the process of innovation and development of rural sages culture,across the rural have all made great achievements,which initiatives in Zhejiang and Guangdong province is typical.On this basis,the mechanism to play rural sages’role mainly includes:researching rural sages culture,strengthening the construction of the scholarly society,attracting rural sages regression and remodeling of the rural elite etc.

The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine: First Complete Summary of Ancient Chinese Medicine

This paper introduces an outstanding medical book The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine,and analyzes the theory about traditional Chinese medicine in this book.

Inhibitory Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Sage Leaves on the Growth of Pathogenic Fungi Causing External Ear and Skin Infections

Fifteen pathogenic fungi were isolated from patients with external ear infection like Aspergillus niger and 100 pathogenic fungi were isolated from patients with skin infections like Trichophyton mentagrophytes which was isolated from body skin infections （also four different species of the genus Trichophyton was isolated） as well as another fungus which is Microsporum audouinii was isolated from the head scalp, and Aspergillus ustus which was isolated as normal flora from infected skin inflammation These fungi are opportunistic that can cause skin infections and inflammation of the external ear which increases the severity and the length of the disease, so the effect of different concentrations of alcoholic extract of sage leaves was tested against these fungi and it was found that the extract had an inhibition effect on growth of the fungus A. ustus by 80.7% at a concentration of 20 mg/mL, while inhibited the fungus A. niger by 77.3% at the same concentration, whereas inhibited the fungus T. mentagrophyte by 53.3% at the same concentration, and the fungus Microsporum audouinii was inhibited at the same concentration by 86.6%, also the extract showed different inhibition values against the other four species of the fungus Trichophyton. The plant sage is considered as good antifungal towards studied fungi of otitis extema and skin diseases and can be used prospectively as antifungal antibiotics against fungi causing external ear infections and skin infections.

Analysis of the Subtitle Translation of The Last Emperor from the Perspec.tive of Adaptability Theory

As cultural exchanges between China and the West are promoted, more and more western films are introduced into China.Subtitle translation plays an important role. In this paper, the adaptability theory of Verschueren is used to analyze the subtitle translation of The Last Emperor which is a film about China directed by an Italian, Bernardo Bertolucci, from three aspects: adaptability to history, culture and audience needs. The application of adaptability theory can help translators to meet the communicative needs of the film.

Renewal and Transformation of Old Urban Area of Medical Sage Temple in Nanyang City Based on the Concept of Life Circle

China’s urbanization level has reached a new stage.Urban development has changed from incremental expansion to inventory renewal.The demand of residents for a good living environment and compact living space is increasing.How to realize the intensive development of land based on human needs has become an urgent problem to be solved in urban development.Based on the planning concepts of inventory planning and life circle,this study made the renewal and transformation of old urban area of Medical Saint Temple in Nanyang City and analyzed the current spatial characteristic elements.Optimize the layout of public space in combination with residents’living needs,improve the functions and quality of urban areas,and build a healthy and sustainable development model to improve the living environment of the community and provide reference for the future urban renewal and transformation.

Baoji City,the Hometown of Emperor Yan

ACCORDING to Chinese le-gend,Emperor Yan wasborn more than 5,000 yearsago by the Jiang River in persent-day Baoji City,Shaanxi Province.His clan,together with the clan ofEmperor Huang(his brother)initiat-ed the Chinese civilization,and Em-Peror Yan and Huang are consideredthe first ancestors of the Chinesenation.

Creating the Role of Rural Teachers as New Rural Sages under the Background of Rural Revitalization Based on Organizational Change and Planned Happenstance Theories

In the context of rural revitalization,people are re-examining the issue of creating the role of teachers as“new rural sages”.However,most of previous studies ignored the school organizational change in the process of reform.The planned happenstance suggests that teachers should maintain a positive mindset about the eventualities in their careers.Based on the organizational change theory,this paper gave some advice to help teachers in playing a role of new rural sages:①rooting in local culture and enhancing teachers’sense of belonging,②providing compensation for teachers in a targeted way,and③providing a comprehensive and objective evaluation mechanism for ensuring teachers’participation in social governance.