A Comparison of Citation Disciplinary Structure in Science between the G7 Countries and the BRICS Countries

Purpose： This study aims to compare the characteristics of citation disciplinary structure between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries.Design/Methodology/Approach： In this contribution, which uses about 1 million Web of Science publications and two publications years（1993 and 2013）, we compare the G7 countries and the BRICS countries with regard to this type of structure. For the publication year 2013, cosine similarity values regarding the citation disciplinary structures of these countries（and of nine other countries） were used as input to cluster analysis. We also obtained cosine similarity values for a given country and its citation disciplinary structures across the two publication years. Moreover, for the publication year 2013, the within-country JeffreysMatusita distance between publication and citation disciplinary structure was measured. Research limitations： First, the citation disciplinary structures of countries depend on multiple and complex factors. It is therefore difficult to completely explain the formation and change of the citation disciplinary structure of a country. This study suggests some possible causes, whereas detailed explanations might be given by future research. Second, the length of the citation window used in this study is three years. However, scientific disciplines differ in their citation practices. Comparison between citations across disciplines using the same citation window length may affect the citation discipline structure results for some countries.Practical limitations： First, the results of this study are based on the WoS database. However, in this database some fields are covered to a greater extent than others, which may affect the results for the citation discipline structure for some studied countries. In future research, we might repeat this study using another database（like Scopus） and, in that case, we would like to make comparisons between the two outcomes. Second, the use of a constant journal setyielded that a large share of the journals covered by WoS year 2013 is ignored in the study. Thus, disciplinary structure is studied based on a quite restricted set of publications. The three mentioned limitations should be kept in mind when the results of this study are interpreted.Originality/value： Disciplinary structure on country level is a highlighted topic for the S＆T policy makers, especially for those come from developing countries. This study observes the disciplinary structure in the view of academic impact, and the result will provide some evidence to make decision for the discipline strategy and funding allocation. Besides, JeffreysMatusita distance is introduced to measure the similarity of citation disciplinary structure and publication disciplinary structure. By applying this measure, some new observations were drawn, for example, ＂Based on the comparison of publication disciplinary structure and citation disciplinary structure, the paper finds most BRICS counties have less impact with more publications＂.Findings： The outcome of the cluster analysis indicates that the G7 countries and BRICS countries are quite heterogeneous regarding their citation disciplinary structure. For a majority of the G7 countries, the citation disciplinary structure tend to be more stable compared to BRICS countries with regard to the years 1993 and 2013. Most G7 countries, with United States as an exception, turned out to have lower values on the Jeffreys-Matusita distance than BRICS countries, indicating a higher degree of heterogeneity between the publication and the citation disciplinary structure for the latter countries. In other words, BRICS countries still receive much less citations in most disciplines than their publication output would suggest. G7 countries can still expect more citations than is to be expected based on their publication output, thereby generating relatively more impact than BRICS countries.

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.

宗族结构影响下晋东南传统聚落空间形态及发展演变--以西社村为例

平顺县西社村作为晋东南地区典型的宗族血缘型村落,其形态受宗族结构影响,格局独特。文章从宗族结构的视角出发,借助族谱、碑刻等文字史料信息,结合田野调查与类型比较等方法,对宗族社会结构的变迁过程与聚落空间形态发展演变过程进行历时性分析,归纳宗族发展对空间形态演变的影响,结合宗族结构影响下聚落的两个空间特征,探究其空间形态及发展演变规律。

宗族结构影响下少数民族传统村落空间形态演变研究——以高桥寨自然村为例

文章以西南少数民族地区的高桥寨自然村为例,采用田野调查法和历时性比较法,将村庄的演变历史依据重要的历史时间节点分为五个时期:分衍、兴盛、异化、瓦解和重构。分别从时代背景、宗族结构和空间形态三个方向进行分析,以探究村庄演变的逻辑规律和影响因素,以及宗族结构与空间形态之间的相互影响关系,挖掘该类型自然村目前的发展困境,提出现代化村庄内生秩序架构和区域联动发展的策略。

国际视野下大国人口实力比较与优化人口发展战略

印度、中国、美国是世界前三位人口大国,也是彼此相互竞争的人口大国。文章从长时段考察21世纪中、美、印三国人口数量和结构的基本变化趋势,发现美国的人口发展变化呈现“稳定持续型”,印度则是“壮大发展型”,其变化都将继续支持和增强国家的硬实力和软实力。但是中国的人口变化呈“缩减衰落型”,在规模和结构上都朝着迅速减弱人口实力和国家实力的轨迹方向发展。对此,文章提出要优化我国的人口发展战略,从百年千年大计的战略高度把“人口建设”纳入国家发展总体布局之中,以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化,以观念转变积极应对老龄化社会。具体而言,亟须提升生育水平,全面落实各项配套政策;提高新生劳动力质量,开发老年人力资源;提高人口健康水平,实现健康老龄化。

宗族结构影响下的传统村落院落空间研究——以山西省晋中市南贾村为例

宗族型传统村落作为乡村聚落中的重要类型,其内部的院落空间形态与村落宗族的演变发展密切相关。文章以山西省晋中市的宗族型传统村落南贾村为例,从宗族结构的角度出发,梳理宗族发展的历史脉络,研究宗族结构对传统院落的空间形式影响,挖掘院落内在的形成逻辑,并根据现状存在的问题提出保护策略和意见,为传统村落的保护发展提供实际参考。

中国对外承包工程对共建“一带一路”国家产业结构升级的影响研究

对外承包工程是中国同共建“一带一路”国家开展产能合作的重要形式。文章采用2011-2021年37个共建“一带一路”国家产业结构升级与中国对外承包工程的面板数据,实证检验中国对外承包工程对共建国家产业结构升级的影响及作用机制。研究发现:中国对外承包工程能够显著促进共建“一带一路”国家产业结构升级,但促进作用具有异质性,作用效果因国家收入水平、是否与中国签订自由贸易协定等而存在显著差异。中国对外承包工程对共建“一带一路”国家产业结构升级的促进作用存在单门槛效应,当跨过门槛值后,促进作用将会减弱。中国对外承包工程能够通过促进共建“一带一路”国家经济增长、扩大进出口贸易、吸引外商直接投资等路径,促进共建国家产业结构升级。

教育强国背景下中外合作办学提升高等教育国际影响力策略研究

在加快建设教育强国进程中,中外合作办学对提升高等教育国际影响力具有重要作用,且在提升拔尖创新人才培育力、国际学生吸引力、科研学术引领力、跨境教育“中国方案”影响力等方面具备了一定基础。然而,目前我国中外合作办学尚存在结构布局不够均衡、拔尖创新人才培养质量有待提高、服务国家和地方发展能力亟须提升、高效能治理体制机制尚需完善等问题。为此,中外合作办学应加大改革创新力度,补齐短板,在适度统筹规模和效益、调整优化结构布局,加大支撑保障力度、多渠道提升人才培养质量,聚焦科技前沿和国家关切、把好引进和审批准入关,完善合作办学治理体系、探索中国特色的合作办学模式等方面持续发力,不断提高中外合作办学水平,切实提升我国高等教育国际影响力。

中国OFDI、空间溢出与“一带一路”沿线国家产业结构升级

为从空间关联视角厘清中国OFDI与"一带一路"沿线国家产业结构升级的关系,在理论分析的基础上,利用2006—2017年52个沿线国家的面板数据,构建空间杜宾模型实证检验中国OFDI对沿线国家产业结构升级的影响。研究表明:中国OFDI有利于沿线国家产业结构升级且存在显著的正向空间溢出效应。其中,技术转移型OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级的直接效应最大,资本转移型OFDI次之,劳动转移型OFDI最小;劳动转移型OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级的空间溢出效应最大,技术转移型OFDI次之,资本转移型OFDI最小,并且无论是中国整体还是不同转移类型OFDI的空间溢出效应均强于其直接效应。异质性分析表明,在不同区域沿线国家中,无论是直接效应还是空间溢出效应,中国OFDI促进东盟国家产业结构升级的效应最大,促进其他亚洲沿线国家产业结构升级的效应次之,促进欧洲沿线国家产业结构升级的效应最小。

OFDI对于母国资本配置效率的影响效应研究——基于中国省级面板数据的考察

虽然不少文献都明确OFDI对母国经济运行具有重要影响,但关于OFDI对母国国内资本配置效率影响的研究较少。本文从理论与实证两个层面分析OFDI与国内资本配置效率间的关系。研究结果发现,OFDI规模的扩大通过减少政府干预、改善企业运营效率以及提高产业结构合理化水平等作用路径对国内资本配置效率产生提升效应。基于此,我国应积极发展对外直接投资,并发挥其对国内资本配置效率的促进作用。

后发大国视域下的国际组织创设逻辑——从反思和改造西方国际组织创设理论展开

20世纪西方学界在国际组织创设逻辑上先后推出了社会需求决定说和国家意志决定说,并在论争中统一了二者。这种叙事能够解释国家创设国际组织的原因,却无法回答国际组织为什么在特定时间、地域、领域、以特定形式产生等关键问题。理论解释力的局限源于本体论的缺陷。20世纪理性主义国际关系理论在争鸣中形成的“系统—结构—行动者”三层次本体论奠定了既有国际组织创设理论的根基,但它囿于个体主义传统和着眼国家间对象性关系的学科任务,未能完整阐述国家间多边关系组织化的原理,也缺乏对非西方后发大国立场的观照,无法有效指导21世纪的国际组织创设和改革。国际组织创设理论的革新需要从非西方后发大国的知识需求出发,改造“系统—结构—行动者”三层次的变量关系,从个体主义视角、双边关系本位转向结构主义视角和多边关系本位,基于互动场域、权力结构、集群角色等中心概念来实现合作共识、制度选择、组织方案等重要事项的可论证性。修正后的理论叙事将呈现国际组织创设中的关键节点,同时观照后发大国引领多边合作所面临的特殊现实和挑战。

中国OFDI对外贸高质量发展的影响路径研究

外贸高质量发展是现代化经济体系建设的重要内容。本文从外贸规模、外贸结构、外贸竞争力和外贸可持续性4个层面构建了外贸高质量发展的评价指标体系,并采用熵值法对OFDI促进外贸高质量发展的产业路径和技术路径展开理论和实证分析。研究表明:我国OFDI能显著促进外贸高质量发展;产业结构升级和技术进步的中介效应显著存在。为推动我国外贸实现高质量发展,政府应进一步完善相关政策措施,促进企业对外直接投资,不断深化产业转型、技术创新等保障机制改革;企业则应加大对自身技术的研发投入,加大对知识和技术密集型行业的对外投资,并加强企业之间的合作交流。

广西与全国农林牧渔业产业结构调整协调发展的评价

运用灰色关联度分析法分析2005—2020年广西与全国农林牧渔业各产业产值对农业经济增长的影响,构建农林牧渔业产业产值增长贡献率的预测模型并进行回归分析,然后通过农林牧渔业结构调整对经济增长的贡献率进行协调度分析。结果表明,广西农业、林业、畜牧业、农林牧渔服务业产值与农林牧渔业总产值的灰色关联度随年份的变化呈降低趋势,渔业产值与农林牧渔业总产值呈良好的关联度;全国农业、林业、畜牧业、农林牧渔服务业产值与农林牧渔业总产值关联度呈逐年下降的趋势,而渔业与农林牧渔业总产值的关联度则呈波动式下降趋势;广西与全国农林牧渔业结构调整对农业经济的贡献率为负值,广西波动变化较大;全国农林牧渔业结构调整优于广西,2007年、2008年、2011年广西与全国农业产业结构调整为优质协调,2010年为良好协调,2019年为中级协调。因此,为促进广西和全国农林牧渔业结构调整优化,需增强林业、农林牧渔服务业等产业的能动力,因地制宜调整产业区域分布,加长农业产业链,生产高品质的农业产品,从而达到促进农民增收、农业经济增长的目的。

集体生活的空间容器——20世纪理想农村模型的分析与比照

在推进城乡融合和协同发展的当下,如何破除城乡二元结构并有效统筹解决我国区域发展不平衡不充分的问题,既关乎经济、社会等上层建筑层面,又与城乡人居环境的物理空间规划密切相关。以20世纪世界范围内有代表性的三个“理想农村”提案为主题,深入解读勒·柯布西耶的“光辉村庄”、苏联的“集体农庄”,以及我国人民公社并展开横向对比,厘清各提案作为理想空间范式的构造特征及反映出的背后思想,以期为当下我国城乡空间融合路径的探讨提供历史模型参照。

中国OFDI与“一带一路”沿线国家产业结构升级——机理与实证分析

文章利用2006—2019年52个“一带一路”沿线国家的数据,实证检验了中国OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级的程度和效果以及作用机理的中介效应。研究表明:中1国OFDI能够显著促进沿线国家产业结构升级并随着沿线国家产业结构升级水平的提升,中国OFDI的边际效应呈“倒U”型趋势;中国OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级的资本供给效应、技术溢出效应和贸易促进效应的中介效应显著。此外,“一带一路”倡议有助于加强中国OFDI的促进程度和效果;中国不同转移类型OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级的程度和效果以及中国OFDI促进不同收入水平和不同区域沿线国家产业结构升级的程度和效果均存在显著异质性。研究结论对于中国在“一带一路”倡议下开展OFDI促进沿线国家产业结构升级以及推动高质量共建“一带一路”具有重要的政策启示。

The Effect of Industrial Structure Change on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis

Reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions is one of the biggest challenges for global sustainable development,in which economic growth characterized by industrialization plays a formidable role.We innovatively adopted the input and output(I-O)table of 41 countries released by World I-O Database to determine the industrial structure change and analyze its impact on CO2 emission evolution by developing a cross-country panel model.The empirical results show that industrial structure change has a significantly negative effect on CO2 emissions;to be specific,0.1 unit increase in the linkage of manufacturing sector and service sector will lead to a decrease of 0.94 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions,indicating that upgrading industrial structure contributes to carbon mitigation and sustainable development.Further,urbanization,technology and trade openness have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions,while economy growth and energy use take positive impacts.In particular,a 1%increase in per capita income will contribute to an increase of 8.6 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions.However,the effect of industrial structure on environment degradation is moderated by technology level.These findings fill the gaps of previous literature and provide valuable references for effective policies to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development.

Industrial Structural Changes in Hong Kong,China under One Country,Two Systems Framework

Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated business and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region,since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems (OCTS) in 1997.This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial structural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities.The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland's cities as the rise of China,the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world will brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.

中国OFDI对IFDI的产业结构传导效应研究——基于中国与“一带一路”沿线国家空间面板数据的检验

采用2006—2018年中国与"一带一路"沿线43个国家的面板数据,构建空间杜宾模型实证检验沿线国家对华直接投资的影响因素。研究发现:第一,中国OFDI对沿线国家在华投资有显著正向影响,并且OFDI的产业结构传导机制能够有效提升IFDI的规模;第二,IFDI存在空间溢出效应,邻近市场规模存在空间挤出效应,OFDI空间效应不显著;第三,分组检验中,贸易依存度是影响高收入组沿线国家在华投资的重要变量,GDP是影响低收入组沿线国家在华投资的重要变量。因此,以高水平"走出去"拉动高质量"引进来"、与沿线国家共建综合改革开放试验区、实施差异化的引资策略是扩大沿线国家对华投资的有效路径。