Preparation of (±)-5,6,7-Trioxygenated Dihydroflavonols and Evaluation of their Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activity

The synthesis of （±）-5, 6, 7-trioxygenated dihydroflavonols was carried out. All synthetic compounds were passed through superoxide radical scavenging activity in vitro. Compounds 1 e and 1 g exhibited significant bioactivity with the inhibitory rates of 68.1% and 80.9% at 40 μg/mL, respectively.

Extraction of Astragalus Polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia Polysaccharides and Their in Vitro Antioxidative Effects

[Objectives]To explore the extraction and in vitro antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)and Ganoderma lucidum mycelia polysaccharides(GLMPS).[Methods]By studying the polysaccharides of the herbal medicinal material Astragalus membranaceus and the fungal medicinal material Ganoderma lucidum mycelia,two polysaccharides were mixed according to different proportions and concentrations by using the principle of traditional Chinese medicine compound combination.The effect of polysaccharides on the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical system was determined by salicylic acid method.[Results]When the compound ratios of GLMPS and APS were 1∶1,1∶4,1∶5,4∶1,and 5∶1,the scavenging effect of compound polysaccharides was better than that of single-component polysaccharides,and with the increase of concentration,the scavenging effect increased.When the ratio of GLMPS and APS was 5∶1,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the compound polysaccharide reached 59.77%,which was 18.72%higher than that of single GLMPS and 28.58%higher than that of single APS.The scavenging effect of compound polysaccharide is closely related to the compound ratio and concentration.[Conclusions]APS and GLMPS can obtain better hydroxyl radical scavenging ability than single-component polysaccharides through compounding in appropriate proportions.In addition,within a suitable concentration range,as the concentration increases,the scavenging ability also increases.

New Active Organic Substance in Oyster Shell Capable of Scavenging Oxygen Free Radicals with High Efficiency

A light purple organic active substance capable of scavenging hydroxyl radical（OH） with a high efficiency was extracted from Oyster shell at an extraction rate of 2.49%. It was found for the first time that this active substance may scavenge OH with the efficiency far higher than that of vitamin C. This active substance may scavenge also superoxide radical（O2） although the scavenging efficiency is far lower than that of vitamin C. Infrared spectrometry and routine chemical analysis primarily reveal that this active substance belongs to glycoprotein.

Studies on Biologically Active Principles of Huangqi,Root of Astragalus membranaceous,Isolation and Detection of Constituents Scavenging Superoxide Anion

本文使用黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶—鲁米诺化学发光体系和化学发光检测法研究了黄芪中各成分的清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力,以药物抑制发光强度50%的浓度(IC_(50))为指标。经研究证明,黄芪总皂甙部分(N)具有较强的活性,IC_(50)为185μg/ml,再经进一步导向分离并鉴定证明,黄芪甙Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅵ的 IC)_(50)分别为80、50和11μg/ml,从而证明黄芪的抗心力衰竭的有效成分可能为黄芪总皂甙部分。

Study on Solid Fermentation and Antioxidant Function of Natto

[Objectives]To study the optimum conditions of solid fermentation of natto with antioxidant function as an index.[Methods]Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were designed to study the effects of temperature,time,initial pH and inoculum amount on the antioxidant activity of natto solid fermentation.The optimum conditions of natto solid fermentation were determined and the antioxidant ac-tivity of natto extract was compared.[Results]The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows:temperature 32℃,initial pH 7.0,inocu-lation amount 8%,fermentation time 32 h.The hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of natto solid fermentation crude extract was the highest,which was 82.7%.The optimized nato fermentation extract showed stronger scavenging ability for-OH and O,:,and showed obvious dose-effect relationship.ICso was 3.63 and 4.24 mg/mL,respectively,and the scavenging efficiency was 1.3 and 1.9 times higher than that of the unoptimized fermentation extract,respectively.[Conclusions]Natto is rich in nattokinase and other functional factors,and its antioxidant ac-tivity can be improved by optimizing fermentation technology,so that natto products can be widely used,including cosmetic raw materials,nat-to skin care soap,health food and medicine,etc.,and have a broader development prospect.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel Silybin Analogues

Eight novel silybin analogues （7a-h） were synthesized and their antioxidant properties including the capability of scavenging superoxide anion free radicals and the inhibitory effect on DPPH free radicals were determined. Several synthetic compounds showed comparable antioxidative effect to that of quercetin.

Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of Pt(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ2',3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy flavone

Pt(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ) complexes with 2′,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxy-flavone weresynthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, ~1HNMR, TG-DTA, UV-Visspectroscopic techniques, and fluorescence analysis. The scavenging effect on the superoxide radical(O_2^-) and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxides were also investigated. Both the ligand andthe complexes exhibit scavenging effect on superoxide radicals, and the effect of the complexes isgreater than that of the ligand. The Pt(Ⅱ) complex exhibits the strongest scavenging efficiency.Both Pt(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ) complexes have the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxides, and the effect ofthe complexes is greater than that of the ligand, but the Pt(Ⅱ) complex has a high effect ofpromoting lipid peroxides.

出芽短梗霉LHS-m022黑色素葡聚糖的发酵影响因素和生物活性

为探索出芽短梗霉LHS-m022黑色素多糖的发酵影响因素和生物活性,采用菌种发酵、分离提取及生物检测方法,对发酵液性质、产物收率、生物转化率及生物活性进行测定分析。结果表明,LHS-m022黑色素多糖发酵的最佳碳、氮源分别是蔗糖和胰酪蛋白胨,蔗糖最佳浓度为60 g/L;发酵培养基中诱导剂L-多巴的最适添加量为2.0 g/L,发酵液黑变活性和生物转化率分别是2.481和71.93%;细胞通透剂鼠李糖脂的最适添加量是0.021μL/L,发酵液黑变活性和生物转化率分别高达2.794和73.9%。全波长扫描、FTIR与HPLC分析表明,WAI为黑色素,PsB为黑色素葡聚糖结构。研究结果揭示,粗黑色素葡聚糖样品经121℃以上高温处理,仍然得到95.37%的絮凝率。采用1.50和2.00 g/L的样品浓度进行检测,分别得到99.55%的羟自由基清除活性和99.00%的抗氧化活性。

基于均匀试验设计的3种浆果花色苷体外协同抗氧化研究

本研究旨在探究3种浆果花色苷的协同抗氧化活性,以DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,采用均匀试验设计法优化3种浆果花色苷协同抗氧化组合。经过统计分析和数学回归模型拟合得到最优组合:笃斯越橘花色苷(DP)、黑加仑花色苷(HP)、蓝靛果花色苷(LP)最佳浓度分别为0.08 mg/mL、0.14 mg/mL和0.18 mg/mL,对DPPH自由基的实际清除率为(97.67±0.51)%,接近理论期望值100%,说明模型优选的组合具有可行性。通过协同效应分析,优选组合清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的协同效应指数CI值分别为0.297和0.651,进一步说明DP、HP、LP3种浆果花色苷具有显著协同抗氧化效果。研究成果可为天然抗氧剂及小浆果功能产品研发提供依据。

红曲糟源酶解蛋白肽的功能性评价

【目的】研究不同蛋白酶对红曲糟酶解的效果,并对其酶解液进行功能性评价,为红曲糟源蛋白肽的研发制备提供理论支持。【方法】以提高蛋白含量后的红曲糟为原料,利用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、动物蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、复配酶制剂F106、酵母抽提酶等不同蛋白酶进行酶解,考察其酶解率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除抗氧化能力、黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)和血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性等生物活性功能。【结果】蛋白酶解率最高的为动物蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解处理,分别为(71.43±1.03)%和(70.20±0.32)%。DPPH自由基清除抗氧化能力最优的是胃蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和酵母抽提酶酶解处理,蛋白肽的半数效应浓度(Median effective concentration,EC50)分别为(2.78±0.34)mg·mL^(-1)、(3.02±0.03)mg·mL^(-1)、(3.24±0.65)mg·mL^(-1);ABTS自由基清除抗氧化能力、XOD抑制活性能力最优的均为胃蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶解液,其蛋白肽的EC50值分别为(1.54±0.07)mg·mL^(-1)、(6.45±0.27)mg·mL^(-1)和(10.71±0.06)mg·mL^(-1)、(17.68±0.04)mg·mL^(-1),二者的XOD半数抑制指数分别为(1.28±0.01)、(1.78±0.03);ACE抑制活性最优的为碱性蛋白酶酶解液和木瓜蛋白酶酶解液,蛋白肽的EC50值均为(0.27±0.01)mg·mL^(-1),半数抑制指数分别为(118.40±3.53)、(98.35±1.95)。【结论】红曲糟源蛋白经不同蛋白酶酶解后的肽段具有不同的生物活性,其中以胃蛋白酶酶解的XOD抑制活性能力较强,碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解的ACE抑制活性较优。

4种不同来源花青素的稳定性及抗氧化性比较

为更好地探索不同原料的花青素作为食品着色剂和营养剂的潜力,对蓝莓、紫薯、紫甘蓝、黑豆的花青素进行提取,对4种原料花青素含量进行比较,并探究4种原料花青素的抗氧化性以及在不同因素下(光照、pH值、温度、金属离子、氧化剂、还原剂、葡萄糖浓度、蛋白质)的稳定性。结果表明,花青素含量排序为紫甘蓝(435.84 mg/L)>紫薯(401.77 mg/L)>蓝莓(388.08 mg/L)>黑豆(177.34 mg/L)。稳定性最佳的原料花青素为紫甘蓝花青素,抗氧化性最强的为蓝莓花青素(羟自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS^(+)自由基清除率分别为76.41%、83.05%、88.13%,总还原能力测得吸光值为2.04)。

抗氧化剂筛选复配及在咖啡饮料中的应用研究

为开发可直接用于饮料体系的抗氧化剂,该研究探究了不同水溶性和脂溶性抗氧化剂的DPPH自由基清除率,对椰子油乳液氧化稳定性的影响,复配抗氧化剂稳定性和在饮料中的应用。结果表明,抗氧化剂的DPPH清除率和油脂氧化稳定性没有呈现正相关。水溶性抗氧化剂中效果较好的是竹叶黄酮和甘草提取物,脂溶性抗氧化剂中效果较好的是二丁基羟基对甲酚、特丁基对苯二酚和维生素E。以贮藏期间粒径变化为指标,探究了复配抗氧化剂的稳定性。结果表明,维生素E和甘草提取物、维生素E和竹叶黄酮复配抗氧化剂在55℃贮藏8周期间粒径D[4,3]和粒径分布没有变化。以咖啡饮料为模型,研究了复配抗氧化剂对风味稳定性的影响。结果表明,与单一抗氧化剂相比,复配抗氧化剂的加入更明显地减少了咖啡中油脂的氧化产物堆积。感官评价结果表明,复配抗氧化剂的加入抑制了油脂氧化异味的产生,香气更加协调,总体接受度最高。

小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白的体外抗氧化活性研究

试验旨在研究小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白的分子质量分布和体外抗氧化活性。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,以维生素C为对照,分别测定小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白在0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 mg/mL浓度下对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的清除率,并通过测定T-AOC吸光度值计算总还原力。结果表明:使用高效液相色谱测定小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白重均分子质量分别为513 u和551 u,二者分子质量小于1000 u的比例分别为90.22%和86.93%。在一定浓度范围内,随小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白浓度的升高,其体外抗氧化性能线性增加(P<0.05),且呈正相关关系。在10 mg/mL浓度时,小麦胚芽肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基清除率和总还原力分别为90.39%、70.66%、96.24%和2.23,大豆酶解蛋白对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基清除率和总还原力分别达到65.55%、68.21%、75.14%和0.51。综上,在本试验条件下,不同浓度小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白均具有一定的抗氧化能力,且小麦胚芽肽相较于大豆酶解蛋白的抗氧化能力更强。

喹唑啉酮衍生物及白桦叶提取物生物活性

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析白桦木醋液、白桦叶提取物成分,实验结果表明精制白桦木醋液主要成分为二甲醚(相对含量11.33%)、草酸(相对含量4.07%)、3-(2-氯-5-羟基苯基)-2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(相对含量1.76%)等。白桦叶提取物主要成分为环丁醇(相对含量3.09%)、甲酸乙烯酯(相对含量2.53%)等。抗氧化实验结果表明白桦木醋液和白桦叶提取物均对DPPH自由基清除率效果较好,白桦木醋液半数抑制浓度IC50为(37.093±0.511)g/L,白桦叶提取物半数抑制浓度IC50为(0.193±0.002)g/L。3-(2-氯-5-羟基苯基)-2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮是白桦木醋液中具有开发潜力的喹唑啉酮衍生物。

金菊酸奶的发酵工艺及品质特性研究

以金银花、菊花、纯牛奶为主要原料制备金菊酸奶。以单因素试验为基础,通过感官评价,采用正交试验优化金菊酸奶的制备工艺,并分析其品质和DPPH自由基清除能力。结果表明,金菊酸奶的最佳制备条件:金银花汁添加量、菊花汁添加量、白砂糖添加量分别为12%、6%、6%,在此条件下发酵制备的金菊酸奶的感官评分为92.5分,颜色呈淡黄色,滋味柔和,质地细腻,酸甜可口,有金银花和菊花特有的香气。此外,金菊酸奶的黏度为1139.05 mPa·s,乳酸菌活菌数为1.2×10^(6) CFU/mL,DPPH自由基清除率为94.7%。该研究以药食同源的金银花和菊花为主要原料制备出具有功能性的金菊酸奶,有潜在的清热解毒和增强免疫力的功效,也为酸奶产品的研发提供了全新的思路。

怀牛膝多糖的抗氧化性研究

研究怀牛膝多糖的抗氧化活性。采用传统热水浸提法和微波辅助提取法从怀牛膝中提取怀牛膝多糖,经分离纯化获得怀牛膝多糖提取物。分别测定各种多糖提取物和叔丁基对苯二酚对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧自由基的清除作用,比较和评价怀牛膝多糖的体外抗氧化活性。研究表明,怀牛膝多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,有望作为天然抗氧剂,为怀牛膝多糖的进一步研究提供一定的理论基础。

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.

N-acetylcysteine attenuates alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the rat

AIM: There is increasing evidence that alcohol-induced liverdamage may be associated with increased oxidative stress.We aimed to investigate free-radical scavenger effect of n-acetylcysteine in rats intragastrically fed with ethanol.METHODS: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups werefed with ethanol (6 g/kg/day, Group 1), ethanol and n-acetylcysteine (1 g/kg, Group 2), or isocaloric dextrose(control group, Group 3) for 4 weeks. Then animals weresacrificed under ether anesthesia, intracardiac blood andliver tissues were obtained. Measurements were performedboth in serum and in homogenized liver tissues.Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by TBARSmethod. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) levels were studied by commercial kits.Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: ALT and AST in Group 1 (154 U/Land 302 U/L,respectively) were higher than those in Group 2 (94 U/L and155 U/L) and Group 3 (99 U/L and 168 U/L) (P＝0.001 forboth). Serum and tissue levels of MDA in Group 1 (1.84 nmol/mL and 96 nmol/100 mg-protein) were higher than Group 2(0.91 nmol/mL and 64 nmol/100 mg-protein) and Group 3(0.94 nmol/mL and 49 nmol/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001 forboth). On the other hand, serum GSH-Px level in Group 1(8.21 U/g-Hb) was lower than Group 2 (16 U/g-Hb) andGroup 3 (16 U/g-Hb) (P＜0.001). Serum and liver tissue levelsof SOD in Group 1 (11 U/mL and 26 U/100 mg-protein)were lower than Group 2 (18 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein)and Group 3 (20 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001for both).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress,and co-administration of n-acetylcysteine attenuates thisdamage effectively in rat model.

Prevention of grafted liver from reperfusive injury

INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of primary non-function(PNF)of grafted liver in the early postoperative stage is 2%-23%[1-4],its main cause is the ischemic-rechemic injure[5,6].In this experiment,anisodamine was added into the preserving fluid and the grafted liver was rewarmed at different temperatures to protect the cell membranc and prevent ischemic-reperfusive injury.

Dualistic Properties of Cosmetic Formulations Based on Phenylpropanoids from <i>Ajuga reptans</i>

Our continued interest in the research and development of cosmetic active ingredients deriving from natural sources led us to investigate the potential of a purified extract of Ajuga reptans, a plant belonging to the family Labiatae and known for its traditional use in skin healing. The extracts deriving from a biotechnology platform are composed by meristematic cell culture, developed in the frame of a NTFP (non-timber forest product) project, and characterized by high content in phenylpropanoid, of which teupolioside represents the majority component. The latter is a phenylpropanoid glucoside, structurally correlated echinacoside and known in the literature for the antioxidant properties. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the applicability of the Ajuga reptans extract within different cosmetic formulations. In particular, Photochemiluminescence (PCL) was used to proof the antioxidant capacity of cosmetic formulations containing the product, in relation to the change of the title of teupolioside. Furthermore, UVA and UVB filtering properties were also investigated. The results of the study showed relevantly antioxidant capacity of the finished formulation against superoxide anion, which is the main reactive oxygen species responsible for skin aging and significant synergic capacities to filter UV radiation.